You have found an item located in the Kentuckiana Digital Library.

History of Newmarket : and the annals of the turf: with memoirs and biographical notices of the habitubes of Newmarket, and the notable turfites, from the earliest times to the end of the seventeenth century (vol. 3)/ by J.P. Hore.

History of Newmarket : and the annals of the turf: with memoirs and biographical notices of the habitubes of Newmarket, and the notable turfites, from the earliest times to the end of the seventeenth century (vol. 3)/ by J.P. Hore. Hore, John Philip. 400dpi TIFF G4 page images University of Kentucky, Electronic Information Access & Management Center Lexington, Kentucky 2002 b98-53-42679586v3 Electronic reproduction. 2002. (Beyond the shelf, serving historic Kentuckiana through virtual access (IMLS LG-03-02-0012-02) ; These pages may be freely searched and displayed. Permission must be received for subsequent distribution in print or electronically. History of Newmarket : and the annals of the turf: with memoirs and biographical notices of the habitubes of Newmarket, and the notable turfites, from the earliest times to the end of the seventeenth century (vol. 3)/ by J.P. Hore. Hore, John Philip. A.H. Baily, London : 1886. 3 v. : ill. ; 22 cm. Coleman v.1. From the earliest times to the death of James I. -- v.2. From the accession of Charles I to Charles II. -- v.3. From Charles II to the end of the seventeenth century. Microfilm. Vol. 1-3. Atlanta, Ga. : SOLINET, 1999. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. (SOLINET/ASERL Cooperative Microfilming Project (NEH PA-23166-98) ; SOL MN08554.02 KUK) s1999 gaun a Printing Master B98-53. IMLS This electronic text file was created by Optical Character Recognition (OCR). No corrections have been made to the OCR-ed text and no editing has been done to the content of the original document. Encoding has been done through an automated process using the recommendations for Level 1 of the TEI in Libraries Guidelines. Digital page images are linked to the text file. Horse racing Great Britain. Newmarket (England) History. Great Britain History Stuarts, 1603-1714. THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET, AND THE ANNALS OF THE TURF. This page in the original text is blank. T H E HISTORY OF NEWMARKET, AND THE 4NNALS OF THE TURF. WITH MEMOIRS AND BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF THE HABITUES OF NEWMARKET, AND THE NOTABLE TURFITES FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE END OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. BY J. P. HORE. IN THREE VOL UMES. VOL. III. HISTORY OF NEWMARKET: FROM 33 CHARLES IL. (A.D. i68) TO THE END OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. ANNALS OF THE TURF: FROM THE RESTORATION (A.n. i66o) TO THE END OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. LONDON: A. H. BAILY AND CO., i5, NICHOLAS LANE, CANNON STREET, E.C. x886. [All rights reserved.] This page in the original text is blank. CONTENTS. BOOK XIV. PAGE: NEWMARKET IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II. (ContinUed). x68x-I682..... ... ... ... ... .. .. I BOOK XV. NEWMARKET IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II. (Concluded). i683-1684... ... ... ... ... 55 BOOK XVI THE ANNALS OF THE TURF IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II. x66oI68o ... .... ... ... ... ... 103 BOOK XVII. THE ANNALS OF THE TURF IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II. (Continued). x68I-1684... ... ... ... 145 BOOK XVIII. NEWMARKET IN THE REIGNS OF JAMES II. AND WILLIAM III. ii685-ii699........ .... ... ... ... ... T92 BOOK XIX THE ANNALS OF THE TURF IN THE REIGN OF JAMES II. I 685-I 688... ... ....... . ...233 Viii CONTENTS. BOOK XX. PAGE THE ANNALS OF THE TURF IN THE REIGN OF WILLIAM III. x689-x693... ... ... ... ... ... ... 268 BOOK XXI. THE ANNALS OF THE TURF IN THE REIGN OF WILLIAM III. (Continued). I694-1699... ... ... ... ... 309 BOOK XXII. THOROUGHBRED STUDS IN ENGLAND FROM THE RESTORATION TO THE END OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 346 INDEX ... ... ... .. ... ... ... . 383 1w LO 40 LLS-3,, jj JO This page in the original text is blank. THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET, AND THE ANNALS OF THE TURF. -eO- BOOK XIV. NEWMARKET IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II. (continued.) i68I-1682. i68i. The spring meeting boycotted by the King in order to make Bibury successful-The autumn meeting-Arrival of the King, Queen, and court-Other members of the royal family at the palace-Passing events-Cock- fighting-Pedestrianism, training, trials, theatricals, etc.-Turf gossip-Prolonged visit of the King- All the celebrities present-Enormous attendance-Scarcity of lodgings-Affairs of State under difficulties-The King's disinclina- tion for business-Arrival of the Mayor and Corporation of Oxford- Their presumptuous petition-Informally presented to the King on the race-course-A scene-The Mayor and Aldermen mobbed on the Heath-They are protected from the "black-guard " by Nell Gwynn-Nell and the King-Her vi/la venatica adjoining the palace Frequency of her visits to Newmarket-Racing intelligence -Foreign affairs-The Corps Diplomatique-Squabbles between the French and Spanish Ambassadors-Their curious audiences with the King-Arrival of the Vice-Chancellor and heads of the Cambridge University-Present a loyal address and invite the royal family to Cambridge-A royal visit to the University-Life at Newmarket- Great increase of visitors-Movements of the ministers-The races- Entries for the October meeting-The weights, wagers, distances, etc.-Current events-The King and Sir John Reresby-The royal recreations-Heavy betting-Sir Robert Carr's losses-The King sups with the jockeys at the Duke of Albemarle's-Expenses of the court during this sojourn-Cost of works and buildings at the palace -1682. The spring meeting-Arrival of the King, Queen, the Duke of York, and the court-Receive an ovation-Greyhounds not to be taken to Newmarket during the meeting-Royal command to VOL. III. B THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XIV. supply cocks-The King's levee-Arrival of the Duke of York and the Scotch nobility-And several highwaymen-Robberies on the Heath-The races-Cold sport-Match between the King's horse, Corke, and Mr. Rider's French horse-Post Boy v. Mouse-More confessions of the Secretary of State in attendance on the King- Enormous attendance-Dearth of lodgings-Expected visit of the Ambassador Extraordinary of Morocco-H.E. sends the King a present of two lions and thirty ostriches-Charles returns the com- pliment by presenting him with a flock of geese-A house taken for the Embassy at xo a week-Appropriated by the Dutch Ambassador -Who is evicted-But is conditionally re-admitted-The races- The King's horses beaten again-The Lords and their lodgings- Assassination of Tom Thynne- Intended duel between Count Coningsmark and Lord Cavendish-Interdicted by the King-Move- ments of the ministers-Racing intelligence-Curious dispute about an alleged false start-The starter's duties-The dispute referred to the King for decision-Arrival of the Embassy from Morocco-H.E. receives a royal reception-Scenes on the Heath-Current events- Lord Halifax and the Duke of York-Affability of the Merry Monarch -Is "hail fellow, well met" with all sportsmen-Hawking, cocking theatricals, etc.-Court patronage-Object of the Duke of York's visit -H.R.H. the Duchess of Portsmouth's subsidy-Proposed grant to her of Qiooooo out of the revenue of the Post Office-The scheme abortive-She obtains ioooo a year out of the French pension- The Duke of Monmouth deprived of the Chancellorship of Cambridge University-The Duke of Albemarle appointed by the King to the post-Proceedings thereon at Newmarket-Passing events-Samuel Petys-Lord Bouncker-Mary Knight-Memoir of Tom Thynne- The autumn meeting-Highwaymen on the Heath-Their depre- dations-The royal visit postponed for a fortnight-Causes much inconvenience and loss-Coaching between London and Newmarket -The ordinaries during the meeting-Great expectations-Departure of the King, Queen, and court-Received with acclamation at New- market-A foot-race for 300 guineas-Hunting-Racing news-The highwaymen again-Great match between Guardhorse and Teague- The course impeded by the spectators-Fatal accident during the race-- Passing events-Tennis-Unfavourable weather spoils sport- Movements of the Duke of York-Arrest of the Duke of Monmouth -The King's bad luck-His horse Dragon beaten by Post-Boy-Lord Conway's remarks on this " top horse of England "--Alleged castra- tion of Dragon to qualify for a match-Dr. Hawkesworth's statement thereon-Apparently confuted by the Duke of York-The Duke's letter to the Prince of Orange-Historic doubts-The King and the pickpocket-Dog-stealers-Works and buildings at the palace-Sir Christopher Wren's bill for making dials for the grand stand- Expenses of the court during this sojourn -Death of Sir Robert Carr -Memoir-Death of Thomas Ai/zgrew-Memoir. NO SPRING MEE YiN1G. TILE spring meeting, which in the ordinary course of events should have taken place at New- charle I. market in March, i86i, was suppressed by 1681. the king's commands, and the royal plate, ewmarket. hitherto given by Charles II. to be run for at head- quarters during this meeting, was transferred to Burford, where, chiefly owing to political circumstances, the races came off with all the eclal possible to impart to the latter reunion by the court. It seems strange to our modern ideas that politics should play such a prominent part in connection with the turf in those days; and it is a further proof of the popularity of the national sport in England at this time, because it is impossible to disguise the fact, that on the occasion in question, the races at Bibury were devised by the court to detract the attention of a portion of the public from certain ominous affairs of State. However, we are indebted to these circum- stances for the knowledge of the fact that Charles II. had instituted a twelve-stone plate, to be run for at some of the preceding spring meetings at Newmarket. And were it not for this incident we should have pro- bably remained in total ignorance that this royal plate constituted an important item on the card of those meetings at Newmarket. " These are to give Notice, that the Plate the King used to give every Spring at the Twelve Stone Heats at Newmarket, will be run for this year at Burford Heats the 17th day of March next, by the same Articles as it used to be at New- market."-The " London Gazette," Feb. j4, i68o, No. 159I. See Book XVII., Annals-Bibury meeting, i68i. 1681.1 3 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XIV. " By a Second Letter from New-Market, we are Informed harles IL that his Majesty being Arrived there; after dinner 1681. was divertized with a Match of Cock-Fighting; Newmarket- upon which many of the Court lay'd great September. Wagers, and 'tis said his Majesty was pleased to Bet several Guinnies, after that a Foot Race was Run, between a Country Fellow and a Foot Man, there being great odds layed upon the Head of the latter, but notwithstanding he was a clever and well made Person, and the Country Man to bee so very heavy and cumbersome, yet the Countryman won the Race, by almost 40 yards, to the great admiration of all that were present. The Evening was spent in Heats and Breathings of several Horses, in order to prepare them for the Races that are very speedily to be Run there. We here that the Lady Ann and her Governess are already arrived there, and that his Royal Highness is suddainly expected."-The "Domestick Intelligence," September -I, i68i, No. 32. " From New-Market they advise, that their Majesties con- tinue there in good health, to the great satisfaction of the Gentry and Commonalty in those parts, and that several Sports have been lately devized for their Recreation, as Racing, Masques, and such other Entertainments as the place is capable of furnishing. And further they add, that next week a great Horse-Race will be Run upon .the Heath, upon which is and will be betted 2o00 Guinneys at the least."- Ibid., September 12, No. 33. Luttrell inscribed in his diary that on September 8, i86i, "about five in the morning, his majestic sett forward for Newmarkett, where he will continue for some time; and the evening before, the lord mayor, aldermen, and sheriffs waited on his majestic, to wish him a good journey." On the 9th, the king continued in good health, and was diverted at Newmarket with hawking, cock-fighting, and racing. Unfortunately, " Diary," vol. i. pp. 124, 125. 4 lunt.] "1-f 1 U(CIUff-IfK MP-AIIIV&. 5 very little information is given relative to these diver- sions. As usual, the town was full to overflowing; the prominent turfites present included Lord Thomond, Lord Halifax, Lord Hyde, Lord Arlington, Sidney Godolphin, and Mr. Savile. Lord Conway was minister in attendance on the court, and, as we learn from his letters to Mr. Secretary Jenkins, found it tough work to get through the routine affairs of State. Everything had to be done through the royal pre- rogative; but when royalty was racing, business had to take its chance when the king was in bed; if it was not transacted under those circumstances, it had to be altogether deferred. At any rate, such invariably was the case at the Newmarket autumnal meeting in the year of grace i68i. Some of these business matters are characteristic of the age. Thus Lord Conway reports to Whitehall, on September I5, that for two or three days past, the Mayor and Aldermen of Oxford were staying at New- market with an humble petition, praying that the king would be graciously pleased to confirm the nomination of Mr. Thomas Prince, to fill the then vacant town clerkship of that city. His Majesty commanded Lord Conway. to inform the petitioners that Mr. Prince did not meet with his approbation, " to which they answered, they were sorry for it, and so went away," sadder, if not wiser men.t These Oxford civic authorities fared badly over "On the King's remove to Newmarket every body is more pressing in their concerns."-Henry Savile to Secretary Jenkins. Paris, Feb. 26, 1862. State Papers, Foreign. France, bundle 299. M.S. P. R. 0. t State Papers, Dom., September, i68i. . - err ram _ rw rx ale r-rwr THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [Boor XIV. this business. On their arrival at Newmarket, they could not get any of the court officials to introduce them to the king, so that they were forced to lie in wait until his Majesty arrived on the Heath. This opportunity soon occurred; the petition was uncere- moniously presented, and the answer to be subsequently received from Lord Conway as above described. The roughs enjoyed the incident, and resented the pre- sumption of Oxford citizens for daring to introduce business where pleasure should alone prevail. " Those that they call the back guard, treated them very rudely, calling them Presbyterian petitioners and Whiggish dogs, and saluted them into the bargain with stones and dirt." During the commotion, Nell Gwynn arrived and called out to the king: " Charles, I hope I shall have your company at night, shall I not " an incident which probably saved the worthy citizens from further molestation.t The king's disinclination to attend to business matters, of even affairs of State, during a race meeting is exemplified in the following letter, dated " Whitehall Oct. 2," written by his Majesty to his daughter, Char- lotte, Countess of Lichfield:- " I have had so much business since I came thither [from Windsor] that I hope you will not think that I have neglected writing to you out of want of kindnesse to my deare Charlotte, I am gowing to Newmarkett, and have a great deal of businesse to despatch to-night, therefore I will only tell you now that I have five "The Letters of Humphry Prideaux, Dean of Norwich, to John Ellis, Under Secretary of State " pp. go-ioi. t Ibid. 6 DIPLOMACY. hundred guinyes for you wch shall be delivered to your selfe or any who you shall appointe to receave it, and so my dear Charlotte be assured that I love you with all my harte being your kinde father C. R." At Newmarket, complications in foreign affairs necessitated the presence of all the ambassadors; and Lord Lindsey submitted grievances relating to Scot- land which were handed over to Sir Robert Carr,t to investigate when his racing and hawking pleasures permitted. But the most troublesome part of all was " the Spanish ambassador's memorial, in which he acts like Schollars who by way of Sophistry will draw a Conclusion, which is not comprehended in the Propo- sitions." The difficulty of getting the king to attend to these transactions, and the diplomatic squabbles of the French and Spanish ambassadors, are related by the minister as follows : " 'Tis true," writes Lord Conway, in a despatch to Whitehall, " that Mons" Barillon is at New-market, and Don Pedro may be so too, if he thinks fit, But the King doth protest that vpon no Account in the world hath he had three words of discourse with him since he came either Private or Public, and I am in a great measure a witness of this truth, that the French Ambassadr hath told me the King is so perpetually at his Sports and Recreations abroad, that he can find no opportunity for businesse, 'Tis true I give you a constant account of your Letters, but little think how much paines I take for it, either when he [the King] MS., Viscount Dillon, at Ditchley House, Oxon. t Sir Robert Carr was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster about this time. 1681.] 7 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XIV. goes to the Closse-Stoole, or when he goes to bed or just as he hath donne sleeping after Dinner--there is no other time for it. Now for Don Pedro to make a noyse of the French Ambassad- kind reception, and his extraordinary Privacys with the King, and to act this with passion and concern like a Harlequine, is in my opinion a most insufferable thing, and his Ma'y ought to show his Resentment of it to Don Pedro de Ronquillos." In another letter concerning the election of the Town Clerk of Oxford, without the king's approbation, Lord Conway said his Majesty conceived it made void their Charter, and Jenkins was desired " to take care it be prosecuted, in case it so happened." In that case the Charter would have to be renewed and confirmed, an event which would put money in the royal coffers. Much solicitude was evinced relative to the appoint- ment of the new Lord Mayor of London, which gave rise to some heavy betting. " On the i8th Gower Vice-chanceller of the Uni- versity of Cambridge, with the heads of the houses, doctors &c waited on the King and in a solem speech in the name of the University returned his Majesty their hearty thanks for his resolution to maintain the government as established by law, both in church and The Corporation of the city of Oxford contested the right divine to interfere in their fiscal affairs. Towards the end of the following year, they received a royal mandate to proceed forthwith with the election of a new town clerk, which they not only refused, but would not even open the king's letter, on the ground that being in suit with the Crown in defence of their rights, they could not until the trial was over, read his Majesty's letter. However, they had eventually to give in: a new charter was graciously granted, and as the king prognosticated, the fees thereunto pertaining went into the royal exchequer. 8 AFFAIRS OF STATE. state &C, which met with a gracious reception from his majesty.". The king continued in good health, and was "diverted with hunting and horse racing." t On the 27th, the king, queen, and court, paid a visit to Cambridge, "the bells ringing, conduits running with wine, and other publick demonstrations of joy." After being sumptuously entertained at dinner, the royal party returned the same afternoon to Newmarket. The king now was more intent than ever on his sports, and Conway was occasionally successful in transacting State business in his Majesty's "bed-chamber." On October 2, his lordship announces that the king would return to town on the i ith, if his presence was abso- lutely necessary, when the sessions were to be held at the Old Bailey; but Jenkins was enjoined to consult the Chief Justice and other lords to ascertain if his Majesty's presence could be dispensed with, as he was anxious to remain longer at Newmarket. Foreign affairs still occupied the minister's attention, who could make little progress therewith. He was desirous to return to London, having had " enough of the ayre of New-markett." On the 7th he writes: " My Lord Mordant kept up the King last night till 12 o'clock, having got him accidentally in his clossett, & for two howers was endeavouring to reconsile him to the Duke of Monmouth, of which his Majesty gave me a narra- Luttrell, " Diary," vol. i. p. 128. t Ibid., p. i29. t When the royal party came within the jurisdiction of the borough, they were met by the mayor and aldermen, who presented his Majesty with fifty broad pieces, and the queen with fifty guineas.-The " Current Intelligence," No. 47. Ibid., p. 131. 1681.] 9 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XIV. tive as soon as the other went away. And I think his Lordship received little satisfaction." The following day Lord Conway and Lord Halifax left Newmarket, when Sir Joseph Williamson arrived and succeeded them in attendance on the king, at which time "our company here begins to increase exceed- ingly." On the i2th the court returned to Whitehall.t In the mean time these following Matches of Horse Races, are made to be run in the Months of October and December (viz.) A4 List of the Horse-Matches to be Run at New-Market October next. Shuffler against Looby Pet Lamb ag. Tinker on the first. Mackrel ag. Ringtail on the first. Robin ag. Whitebutock,' and Kick-up on the seventh, and) Robin half a stone under Bob. ag. Traveller on the eight stone I0 09 o8 wagers 100 200 500 first t miltes]. 50 4 6 200 4 09 200 100 4 them. I 7 100 50 to start between the 2 Hills, & so over the Course. Bull ag. Woodcock 9 300 150 6 on the I 3th. Lord Conway to Mr. Secretary Jenkins. State Papers, Dom., sub ann. t Luttrell's " Diary," vol. i. p. 131. t Forfeit: a printer's error. to THE MA TCHES. Gage ag. Parker on the 20th. Barb ag. Woodcock three weeks after Bulls Match. ) Zhatour ag. Doub/fud on the i ith. Pearl ag. Why-not on the i5th. Bull ag. Woodcock the 2nd time from the 7 mile Ditch Aforgans Mare ag. Tege on Scotch Galloway ag. Taps/er on Sir Rob. Gaer Horse' Chopper, and Mr. j Rowes Gelding, both against Kick-up, on the Post-Boy ag. Draggon and Draggon the first Rides Draggon ag. Clubb on the first of December. stone wagers first mil[es]. 8 I002 50I 4 8 500 10 10 200 6 500 203 500 9 coo 8 300 6 200 6 200 7 4 8 500 250 4 200 a piece 8. 61ib .1000 9. I 9 500 500 6 6 200 6 " These Matches may be altered by consent, and the Guard-Horse, hath paid two forfeits, one to Leaden-heels and the other to Madcap. Hobler will Forfeit: a printer's error. 1681.] I I 12 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XIV. pay his forfeit to Post-Boy; there will be more Matches, to shew the King sport." The following items of news at Newmarket are taken from Sir John Raresby's " Memoirs ":- "September i 3. I went towards Newmarket where the King then was. I carried my two eldest sons with me, intending to put them to school in the South, finding they improved but little in the country. The face of things began much to alter in England at this time. The Duke [of York] that was in Scotland, was extremely courted by that kingdom. The Parlia- ment called there confirmed the succession and uniformity of religion, in opposition to popery and fanaticism, which were two extraordinary acts at such a time, and had great influence upon England, and much discouraged the anti-Court party. My Lord Halifax was chief favorite and minister at this time. Sept. 19. I went from Cambridge to New- market, where I first waited upon my Lord Hyde, desiring him to introduce me to the King to present him with an address. About twelve that day he appointed me to attend in such a room, where the King came, ordered me to read it, and afterwards taking it of me, gave me his hand to kiss. Afterwards I waited of the King into the room, where he asked me many questions of the situation and extent of Hallamshire. I told him it was a body of hardware men, or makers of edge tools, incorporated by Act of Parliament; and it extended five miles in compass from Sheffield, being a very populous place. My The " Current Intelligence," Sept. 24, i68r, No. 45. HEA VY BETTING. Lord Hyde took me that day to dine with him at my Lord Conway's, then Secretary of State. Sept. 20. I went hawking with the King, where I had an oppor- tunity to speak to him a good while, and to tell him some things relating to his service. I complained to him of a neighbouring justice of the peace, who refused to sign the address, though he lived within the compass of Halamshire, and was discouraging others from doing it. The King told me he should not stay long in the commission; but I had some reasons that prevailed with me not to pursue the business so far. That afternoon I went to Bury, to see my Lady Monson, my aunt. Sept. 22. I returned to New- market, went to hawk with the King in the morning, and in the afternoon, set forward for London, where I arrived safe the next day with my sons." In conclusion, it only remains to be noted that heavy betting apparently was the rule at this meeting. Sir Charles Lyttleton, in a letter to Lord Hatton tells him-" Sir Robert Carr has lost 65000 or 6ooo upon several matches at Newmarket; 't and that the king supped at Duke of Albemarle's, "and all the jockeys with him," when the matches above mentioned were made.: The expenses of the king, queen, "et familia," at Newmarket in September, i68i, amounted to 1463 i5s. iold. The Vice-Chancellor and the doctors of the University of Cambridge were enter- " Memoirs," by J. J . Cartwright, M.A. London, 1 87 5, p. 218. t " Hatton Correspondence," vol. ii. p. 12. Finch MS., quoted in Hist. MS. Coss. 1681.1 1 3 ' THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XIV. tained at the palace at a cost of 65 I 7s. 3:d. The " extraordinary " cost of the royal stables in the months of April and September is set down at 3350 Is. 34,d. The expenses of the king and queen at Newmarket in the month of October are returned at 796 is. 5Td. Echard, in his " History of England," vol. iii. p. 638, remarks that " On the ioth of September, both the King and Queen repaired to New-Market, to be entertain'd September. with the Pleasures and Diversions of that Place. Here they were soon attended by a numerous and Solemn Appearance of the University of Cambridge, at the head of which was the Vice-Chancellor, Dr. Humphrey Gower, Master of St. John's Colledge; who with the rest being admitted, he made the following Speech, of which great Notice was taken at that Time." This address, which was couched in the usual strain about the right divine, Church and State, and the Protestant succes- sion, need not be repeated here. To it Charles vouchsafed a gracious reply, complimented the Dons upon their loyalty, etc., and announced that he and his queen was about to pay a visit to their University, which was duly done and performed on September 27, when their majesties were attended from New- market to Cambridge " by the whole court." t Lord Danby, writing from the Tower of London, to his friend Lord Chesterfield (who, as Chief Justice in Eyre, had sent him a present of a stag), thus refers to Newmarket, with which he was well acquainted. " The surprising newse of Cofferer's Accounts, Rot. s. d., which are much obliterated. t " The following items (having reference to a visit of the University of Cambridge to the king and Duke of York at Newmarket) occur in the account of Dr. Echard, vice-chancellor for the year ending November, i68i:- " Paid Dr. Tennison at Newmarket to officers & Attendants upon the University when they waited upon the King and Duke 36 los. 6d. " For a Bible presented to Sir Stephen Fox Z4. " Paid for Coaches & Servants charges in all 8 12s. 6d."-Cooper's "Annals of Cambridge," vol. iii. p. 587. ' 14 THE PALACE. Strasburg and Cassall falling into the King of France his hands att the same time, has made much discourse amongst the politicians, and is believed by them will be the necessary cause of calling a parliament speedily; but perhaps the variety of diversions at Newmarket may make it take less impression there." During the year i68o-i68i, the sum of 226 5S. 41d. was spent on Newmarket Palace, when deal boards, oak boards, pail posts, and rails cost 2 7 I 7s. 4d.; bricks and tiles, stone, sand, lime, hearth laths, hair, and nails, LI 2 7s. 6d.; lead, Li ios. id.; gravel, 3 7s.; locksmith's wares and smith's work, 9 8s.; and for glass and glazing work, 52 13s. 5 'd. The wages of the carpenters, bricklayers, labourers, and the clerk of the works, amounted to 32 5s. 6d. The task work included a payment of 7 I3S. to William Jessop, carpenter, for boarding a chamber in the Lord Chamberlain's lodgings, for making a portal in the Duke of York's lodgings, for mending the floors by the king's stairs, for making a locker for coals in the king's eary, and, finally, for making shelves in the confectioner's room. Richard Morley, bricklayer, re- ceived 4 i6s. for sinking a well at the slaughter- house, and for bricks and mortar used there. Thomas Page, mason, was allowed 2 12S. for work done in the kitchen; and Alexander Fort, joiner, for work done in the king's bedchamber, in the king's dressing- room, wainscoting in the Duchess of Portsmouth's " The Duchess of Portsmouth hath been lately indisposed at New- market, & 'tis said she hath sent for a doctor or two thither.'- Luttrell, Vi. p. 126. 1681.] THE HISTORY OF NEWAMARKET. [BooK XIV. lodgings, and for making shelves and other things about the said lodgings received 72 I 7s. 6d. To Thomas Donekley his Mats Chappell Closett-Keeper, by ye Warrants of the Lord Chamberlain dated the xxxih of October i68o and the xijth of December, i68i, for September. washing of Surplices, ffor Broomes, Rubbers, and Wipers for both the Clossets, for loading and unloading at removeing times the Goods under his charge, ffor Provission of Holley Ivey Rosemery & Bayes, and for his Court Livery, and for his Horsehire and other expencis in severall journeys to Newmarkett &c between the xxixth of Septr. 1679 and the xxix of Sept'. i68i . . . Clj". xj8. viijd. Audit Office Records, s.d. (Rot. i i8.) To Henry Broekwell, Keeper of his Mats Musicall Instru- ments, for mending and stringing the said Instruments, and for removing them to and from Windsor and Newmarkett during the space of three years ended Lady day i68i by warrt dated the xxixth of November I68i . . . xxxiij". (Ibid.) To Dr. Nicholas Staggins Master of his Matie8 Musicke in 1881. part of lxxviij". allowed to him, by warrant dated October. the xiiijth. of November i682, for his Charges in attending upon his Matie. at Newmarket & Windsor Clvj dayes in the year i68i at x8. V diem . . . lxxiijli. vs. vd. (Rot I i9.) To Adam Pelter, Gardener, for Gravell, Turfe, and Work- manshipp in making the Kings Garden at his House at New- market by warrant dated ye xxviijtl of September i68i . . . I x". (Ibid.) To Joseph Harvey, Esqr, Serjeant at Armes in Ordinary to his Mat"e for his attendance upon his Matie at Newmarkett by the space of iiij ijo. daies betweene ye xth of March 1679 and ye xijth of October i68i at x8. P diem by Warrant dated ye Xviijyl of July i683 ... xlji. (Rot. I26.) L. T. R. Works and Buildings, No. ioo, MS. P. R. 0. ]NELL G WYNN. NELL, or rather ELEANOR GWYNN, the sprightly and warm- hearted mistress of Charles II., whose name occurs in the annals of this meeting, was a frequent habitue at Newmarket. Like her rival, the Duchess of Portsmouth, she xvas not honoured with apartments in the Palace. During the race meetings at the Head-Quarters of the Turf, she usually occu- pied the house which was her property, adjoining the royal seat, where the king and the courtiers paid her frequent visits. Nell is said to have been of Welsh extraction, and Hereford, Oxford, and the Coal Yard, Drury Lane, have severally been named as her birth-place. It is only certain, that the rugged and light-hearted girl, who afterwards became the mother of a duke and the grandmother of a bishop, was matured in the foulest regions of filth and the lowest haunts of iniquity. Sir George Etherage and Lord Rochester mention her as having conferred her favours on more than one lover before she became the mistress of Lord Buckhurst, who is said to have parted with her to the king in consideration of receiving the earldom of Dorset. According to Bishop Burnet, she required a set- tlement from the king of 500 a year, which Charles refused to allow her; he adds, however, that before four years elapsed, the king had lavished on her as much as 6o,ooo. As we have already seen, the intercourse between the lively Nelly and her royal lover was remarkable for the playful familiarity which was practised by the one and enjoyed by the other. She used to speak of her royal paramour as her Charles the Third; Charles, Earl of Dorset, and Charles Hart, the actor, having previously been her lovers. Like many other distin- guished females of the period she loved to wager on a horse- race. She frequently played deep at the basset-table, and is reputed to have lost at one meeting at Newmarket no less than i400 guineas in the Duchess of Mazarin's hell. Nell Gwynn, to the last, was a great favourite with the public, by whom she was popularly regarded as the court champion of According to a local tradition, there was a subterranean passage between the Palace and Nell's house, in those times. It is even now alleged that a portion of it may still be traced leading from Mr. Leopold de Rothschild's house in the direction of the Rutland Arms. VOL. III. C 1681.J 17 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XIV. the Protestant interest, in opposition to the Catholic Duchess of Portsmouth, a lady who was ever on the watch to advance Ultramontine doctrines and French interests. That the two great divisions of the Christian Church could mutually coun- tenance the chamber-influence of a couple of courtesans, is characteristic of the age and the actors in it. The popu- larity of Nell with the people was utilized by Charles during the crisis of i68i, when she sojourned with the king at Oxford. One day, when passing through the streets of that city, the mob, mistaking her for her rival, the Duchess of Portsmouth, commenced hooting and loading her with every opprobrious epithet. Putting her head out of the coach window, "Good people," said she, smiling, "you are mis- taken; I am the Protestant -." After the Parliament at Oxford was dissolved, Nell went to Burford,' where she stayed until the races were over, when she returned to London in time to avert the run on Child's bank, and save that worthy goldsmith's house from bankruptcy. It was to her credit that, after her elevation, she never lost sight of her old friends. She was also the benefactor of genius in distress. Dryden, Otway, Lee, and Butler, are known to have shared the con- tents of her purse. The fact of her having induced Charles to erect Chelsea Hospital as an asylum for disabled soldiers, and her having given the ground on which the building stands, as an encouragement to the undertaking, afford ample tes- timony of her generosity and kindness of heart. A tavern in the neighbourhood of the hospital still exhibits her head as a sign; and one of the first toasts which were formerly drunk by the veteran inmates of Chelsea on the anniversary of the birthday of Charles II., was to the memory of their bene- factress, Nell Gwynn. She was the only one of the mistresses of Charles II. whose fidelity to their royal master was never questioned. His affection for her continued to the last, and one of his latest injunctions to the Duke of York was, " Do not let Nelly starve." After his accession, James II. con- ferred a pension on her, which she enjoyed till her death, Her eldest son, Charles Beauclerk, was created Earl of Burford in i676, and Duke of St. Alban's in 1684. THE SPRING MEE TING. which took place in November, i687. Luttrell asserts that she left a very large sum of money to her only surviving son. "It is His Majesties Command that no Person chleus IL carry any Greyhound to Newmarket, during His 1682. Majesties being there."-The " London Gazette," Newmrket- Feb. 2, i68i-2, No. i698. Mrh, Apri " There being a great Cock-Match for His Majesties Divertisement at Newmarket, to be fought between Roger Pope, Esq; and Richard Harvey, Esq; which will begin about the 20th Instant. The Masters of His Majesties Cockpit there, do desire that such Persons as have heretofore Sub- scribed to send in Cocks to maintain that sport at such Meetings, to send in their Cocks according to their former subscriptions."-Ibid., Feb. 27 No. 1699. March 2' o 9 Whitehall, March 4 This Morning early, their Majes- ties parted from hence for Newmarket, to pass some short time there."-Ibid., No. I700. " Whitehall, April 8. Yesterday the Queen returned hither from Newmarket. And this day His Majesty and his Royal Highness."-Ibid., No. 1710. " White-Hall, March 4. This day about four in the Morn- ing his Majesty being attended with a considerable number of the Nobility departed from White-Hall for Newmarket, and within two hours after Her Majesty followed him, where several Race Horses are all ready prepared, his Majesty in- tending to devertize himself for the most part during his stay there, with Racing and such like recreations."-The "Do- mestick Intelligence," March 2 i681-2, No. 82. "On Tuesday last about 20 of his Majesties prime Horses were conveyed to New-Market, his Majesty intending to con- tinue there till the latter end of the next month, and in the mean time to divertise himself in seing the Races run, about twelve Matches being already made for great Sums of Money." -Ibid., March 6, No. 83. "White-Hall, March 7. This day several of the Nobility with their respective retinues went for New-Market where their Majesties arrived on Saturday last, being met some 1682.] 19 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XIV. Miles distant from that place, by several thousands of the County People, who expressed their joy with loud acclama- tions, and in all the Towns round about by making of Bon- Fires and Ringing of Bells."-Ibid. "NXez-Market, March I0. This day his Majesty was pleased to be present at a Horse Race, as likewise a consider- able number of the Nobility; Several Addresses in detestation of the late Association, are drawing up in Towns and Cor- porations adjacent, in order to be presented to his Majesty: his Royal Highness is with much Impatience expected here." -Iboid, No. 84. " New-Market, Marc/i 4. Since the Arrival of his Royal Highness [the Duke of York] the greatest part of the Nobil- lity have waited upon him to kiss his Hand, and to pay their respects, desiring him that he will now be pleased at least for some considerable time to continue in his Native Country, the which we hear he has promised to do, it is also reported that several Corporations intend to send their Deputies to Con- gratulate his Arrival and to desire his stay; great prepara- tions are making for the three Horse Races that are to be run the latter end of this month."-Ibid., No. 85. "New-Market, March 2I. Great preparations are making here for their Majesties, and his Royal Highness departure for London; a great number of the Scotch Nobility that reside here, resolving to attend them; they intend to set forward on Monday next. Yesterday a great Robbery being committed about three Miles from this place, and the Highway men being immediately pursued, one of them was overtaken by the badness of his Horse, but that the rest they being three in all made their escapes, most part of the Booty being found witl him who was apprehended."-Ibid., No. 87. .Nezwmvarket, April 4. Yesterday several Addresses were delivered to his Majesty in abhorrence of the late intended Association, and this Morning a Horse Race was run for 500 Guinnies, where many of the Nobility were present. This Morning between 9 and IO a Robbery was committed on the Heath and about 200 pounds taken from a Gentleman by three Highwaymen."-Ibid., No. 9X. 20 ARRIVAL OF THE ROYAL FAMILY. "Newmarket, April 8. This Morning about three of the Clock his Majesty and his Royal Highness set forward for White-Hazll, being nobly attended by the Nobility, both English and Scotch; as likewise some hundreds of the Gentry of this Country, and then taking their leaves, they returned, when as his Majesty and his Royal Highness were met by several other Gentlemen while the common people all along expressed their joy by loud Acclamations and Ringing of Bells."-Ibid., No. 92. " March 4. Their Majesties and the whole court departed from Whitehall to Newmarket, where his Majestie intends to stay a considerable time, until his lodgings in Whitehall are rebuilt, which at present are pull'd down."-Luttrell's Diary, vol. ii. p. i68. On March 2 Captain Legg was sent from London to Scotland, to convey " His Matles leave to His Royal Highness to meet him at Newmarkett, whither the King goes early to-morrow morning."-C. Godolphin, to Bulstrode, MS. Rev. W. Sneyd, Keeli Hall, Stafford. The first news from the court at Newmarket found in the State Papers this year occurs in a letter of the Earl of Sunderland to Mr. Secretary C IL Jenkins, dated March 6, relating to an 1682. application for leave of absence humbly Xoh. presented to the king from his Majesty's Ambassador at Paris. From the tenour of its contents it seems that H. E. Lord Preston was desirous to visit England and pay his respects to the king, regardless, of course, to the racing at Newmarket. This, however, Charles did not consider necessary, and Jenkins was instructed to inform Lord Preston that His Excellency would have to defer his visit. At this date Lord Conway arrived and found "his Mlaty so much alone, that for State Papers, Dom., Charles II. s.d., Bundle 262, No. 453 (March). 1682.1 21 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XIT. his diversion he was forst to play at Bassett," and as he retired to his chambers every night at nine o'clock, the opportunity would be embraced to despatch current affairs of State. Writing on the 9th he tells Jenkins that " this afternoon we begin to have Horse-races, which, considering the season, will be very cold sport." In a letter of the earl from Newmarket, dated March Io, i681-2, he informs Mr. Secretary that "the King's horse, called Corke, had the ill fortune to be beaten by Mr. Rider's, called the French Horse; and the crack this day is 6 to 4 on Sir Robert Car's t horse, called Post Boy, against a Gelding of his Majt'y, called Mouse. Pray don't acquaint my Lord Hallifax with this, for he will laugh at us Secretarys for comfunicating such Secretts, which I assure you is all the Place affords." I On the I 2th the Duke of York arrived and received a cordial welcome. Many other distinguished persons were hourly expected, but the difficulty was where to lodge the new-comers. Among these was a special ambassador from Morocco, upon whom the king be- stowed "all the slaves at Tangier that are properly his own." This business required to be ratified, and the Ambassador of Morocco would have to go to Newmarket for that purpose. A house was taken in the town for his accommodation, which involved the State Papers, Dom., Charles II., s.d., Bundle 262, No. 459. t " Chancellor of the Duchy." Luttrell. t State Papers, Dom., Charles II., sad., Bundle 262, No. 469. The ambassador's present to the king was two lions and thirty ostriches, which his Majesty laughed at, saying he knew nothing fitter to return for them than a flock of geese.-Reresby's " Memorials," p. 232. 22 RIVAL AMBASSADORS. royal purse in an expense of Lio a week. As His Excellency had not arrived up to March 13, Lord Conway was instructed to direct Secretary Jenkin's attention to it, and if possible to ascertain whether he was coming, as they could "ease his Maty of that charge." On the following day, however, the Dutch Ambassador unexpectedly arrived to attend the races, and without asking any questions laid siege to the house provided for the use of their Oriental proto- types. The harbingers, the ministers in attendance, and the king were at their wits' end what steps to take in case H.E. of Morocco and his train should arrive. It was suggested to lodge them in another house a mile from the town, but that was not feasible. With the Dutch Ambassador and his followers possession was nine points of the law, and as it happened they occupied the same house when attending the races in the preceding year, they now claimed the protection of its hospitable roof. In this they eventually succeeded, and after having given a solemn promise that upon twenty-four hours' notice they would quit the premises in case of the arrival of the Plenipotentiary of Morocco, they were allowed to enjoy the premises in peace. " The court at Newmarket," writes Luttrell in his Diary, " is very splendid and numerous, and there is want of lodgings for so great an assembly." t In the meantime we are losing sight of the racing, State Papers, Dom., Bundle 262, Nos. 484, 485. t Sir Charles Lyttleton thus writes to Lord Hatton, March i i, 1682: "I intend to goe to Cambridge, and the next day to Newmarket, and to come away the same night, because I despaire of lodging."-" Hatton Cor.," vol. ii. p. 15. 1682.] 23 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. of which there is but little information now extant. On the ioth the king's horse was beaten, and there was no less than 3 to I generally offered against another of the king's horses "which is to run this afternoon." On the 20th Lord Clarendon left Newmarket for London; Lord Halifax arrived; Lord Lichfield left the next day; and Lord Conway snapped up the vacant lodgings for Lord Hyde, who was then expected to return.t At this time the assassination of Tom Thynne, a notable turfite, was engaging the attention of the king and his ministers. Count Coningsmarck wrote, expressing his willingness to go out with Lord Caven- dish, by whom he was challenged, but the duel was deemed inexpedient, and the king would not permit it to take placet On the 25th Lord Halifax left Newmarket for London; Lord Hyde arrived and secured his lodgings, an apparently trivial matter, but at this time suffi- ciently interesting to be recorded in the despatches of Lord Conway to the principal Secretary of State in London. The latter was, on the 27th, invited by the king to visit him at Newmarket, and the Har- bingers were instructed to provide a suitable lodging against his arrival; but, probably owing to the cares of State, and the nomination of the Sheriffs of London -then a bone of contention between the king and the corporation-the projected visit did not take place. On April 4 Lord Conway announced that " every body here (Newmarket) is preparing for their return to State Papers, Dom., Bundle 262, No. 471. t Ibid., 503. Cf. Luttrell, ii. p. 174. [BOOm XIV. 24 THE LAW OF STARTING. London; this town empties a pace, and among those that yet stay, none is more impatient to kiss your hands than your obedient servant, Conway." His lordship's despatch, dated April 5, describes a curious blunder of the starter in one of the races on the preceding day at this meeting: " Here hapned yester- day a dispute vpon the greatest point of Criticall learning that was ever known at New-Markett, A Match betweene a Horse of Sr Rob: Car's, and a Gelding of Sr Rob: Geeres, for a mile and a halfe only, had engaged all the Court in many thousand pownds, much depending in so short a course to haue them start fairly. Mr. Griffin was appointed to start them, When he saw them equall he sayd Goe, and presently he cryed out Stay, one went off, and run through the Course and claimes his mony, the other never stird at all. Now possibly you may say that this was not a fayre starting, but the Criticks say, after the word Goe was out of his mouth, his Cofiiission was determi-nd, and it was illegall for him to say Stay. I suppose there will be Volumes written vpon this Subject, tis all refered to his Math Judgment, who hath not yet determined it." t Returning to the movements of the Ambassador of Morocco, we learn from another source that, on the 27th, "he sett forwards for Newmarkett in one of his majesties coaches, attended by severall persons of quality; some of his servants rideing on his Barbary horses, in order to wait on his majestie." His Excel- lency and suite arrived in due course, and found the State Papers, Dom., No. (April) 35. 25 1682.] f JBid, Ah,. 37. THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BoOK XIV. king and the court in good health, participating in the diversion of the turf, cock-fighting, etc. Great multi- tudes of the country people flocked to see the illustrious plenipotentiary, and to enjoy the sports. Mr. Savile came over from his embassy in Paris, and " several of the Scotch nobility arrived to wait on his Majesty and his royall highnesse." But the Moorish Embassy was the great attraction, and apparently they were quite at home on the heath, where they joined in the sports, " shewing great agility in rideng, etc." After a visit to Cambridge, where they were nobly entertained by the Vice-Chancellor, His Excellency and suite returned to London on April the 6th,t and on the 8th the king and the court arrived at Whitehall, where they were welcomed with ringing of bells, bonfires, and other manifestations of loyalty and love4 Sir John Reresby's visit to Newmarket, and the proceedings at this meeting, are described in his "Memoirs " as follows: "March i6. My Lord Halifax told me I must go "March 19. The Morocco Ambassador is arrived at Newmarket, being met some Miles hence by several of the Nobility, and with a great Train conducted thither."-The " Domestick Intelligence," No. 89. t Luttrell, vol. i. p. 176. t " London, Ah4ril, 6. This Evening the Morocco Arnbassadour arrived here back from Newmarket, extremely satisfied with the delights of that place, declaring to several Persons of quality, who have since been to wait on him, That he did not imagine England could have afforded such pleasures, much less the Greatness and Generosity he found at Newmarket and Cambridge; and having spoken much in the Honour of His Majesty, and Favours received from him, he was pleased further to add, That he thought his Royal Highness the compleatest Prince in the Universe; saying that nothing more remained for him to do, but to buy a quantity of English Goods, and to return to his own Country, there to Blazon as much as in him lyeth, the Greatness of the English Court throughout the World."-The " London Mercury," April jo, 1682, No. 2. :!6 PASSING EVENTS. /27 with him the next day in his own coach to Newmarket, which I accepted of as a great honour done to me. He complained to me the same day of some hardships he lay under in the administration of public concerns from the great indiscretions of some near the King; whom notwithstanding the King very well knew and laughed at in private, yet entrusted in great affairs. " March 17. Except myself, there being nobody in the coach with his lordship, he discoursed with me concerning his son, several other private matters and some public, expressing in all he said the wonted good- ness, honour, and discretion with which he always both spoke and acted; for certainly there never lived a man in the world of more wit and judgment than himself. Among other things he was saying how free he had been with the Duke of York in the point of changing his religion; for he had written to him, that except he became a Protestant, his friends would be obliged to leave him, like a garrison that one could no longer defend; and that his highness's answer was that then his case was more desperate than he understood it to be before, for that he could not alter his principles. However, he doubted not, but his highness would receive him with kindness (as he did and in truth had great reason to do), for it was his lordship's industry and arguments in the House of Lords chiefly that stemmed the tide as to the Bill of Exclusion in that assembly. " March i 8. We arrived before noon at Newmarket; that day I was presented to the Duke by my Lord Halifax, who was very kind to me in his expressions.... 1682.3 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XIV. My Lord stayed there till the 26th. I lay at the same lodging with his lordship, and was presented to his royal highness by my lord, who, after great outward expressions of respect and kindness to his lordship, and a long private audience given him, received me also very obligingly. The king was so much pleased with the country and so great a lover of the diversions which that place did afford, that he let himself down from Majesty to the very degree of a country gentle- man. He mixed himself among the crowd, allowed every man to speak to him that pleased; went a-hawk- ing in the mornings, to cock-matches in the afternoons (if there were no horse-races), and to plays in the evening, acted in a barn, and by evry ordinary Bartle- mew-fair comedians. My Lord Halifax was not only pleased to make me the companion of his journey, but to own me in all companies, and take me with him to all places. We commonly dine, during his lordship's stay there, either at my Lord Conway's, the French Ambassador's, or the Duke of Albemarle's. The crowd was so great here by reason of the Duke's first arrival there, of every body coming to wait upon him, and of several abhorrences brought up and presented to the King from all parts of England, that there were not beds for the company. My Lord Halifax renewed his request for me to the King concerning the government of York, lest others might have it. His Majesty said he might rely upon his word in it." t ie. addresses, most of which were published in the "Gazette." f " Memoirs," p. 245. The king kept his word, and in preference to the Earls of Huntingdon, Scarsdale, and Burlington, Lord Coyeners, Sir Thomas 5in-lesby, and other candidates, SirJohn was appointed Governor of York at Ncwmarket, April 4, ai6r. 28 THE DUKE AND THE DUCHESS. In order to account for the presence of the Duke of York at this meeting at Newmarket, it is necessary to glance back to political events in the preced- ing autumn, when the duke's quasi-exile in Scotland was drawing to a close. Halifax laboured to impress on the mind of the king a notion, that to recall the duke as long as that prince professed himself a Catholic, would be to forfeit his present popularity; and Charles hesitated not to inform his brother that he must never expect to set his foot on English ground till he had conformed to the Established Church. From the despondency caused by this message James was relieved by the intrigues of his former enemy, the Duchess of Portsmouth. To mark his sense of her plotting with the popular leaders, Charles made her feel his displeasure. She hastily retraced her steps; the king, after a short struggle, yielded to the arts and blandishments which she knew so well to employ; and she re-established her empire over his heart, and retained it to the end of his reign. But experience taught her to consider the brittle tenure by which she held her present greatness. Were she to survive the king without provision for the future, she could expect nothing from his successor, whom she had so deeply offended, nor from the Whigs, whose interest she had now abandoned. The king shared her apprehensions; it was resolved to secure to her an annuity out of the income granted by Parliament to the Duke of York; and James unexpectedly received an invitation to meet the king at Newmarket, during this meeting, for the purpose of making the necessary arrangements. In 1682.] 29 THE HISTORY OF NEWAJARKET. [BOOK XIV. the correspondence which followed, a private assurance was given that he should be allowed to fix his residence in England: at Newmarket, where he visited his brother, it was repeated in defiance of the opposition of Halifax and others of his party. Elate with this success, he again sailed for Edinburgh, but on the sands called Lemon-and-Ore, the Gloucester frigate, which carried him, was wrecked, with the loss of two hundred men. The prince himself escaped, reached his destination, and bringing back his family, settled once more in the palace of St. James's. Reverting to the Duchess of Portsmouth's subsidy. She solicited from the king ioo,ooo to be invested for her benefit in some foreign security. Charles had not the money, but he persuaded himself that the Duke of York might grant her an annuity of 5000 for fifty years out of the income of the post-office, and that she might sell it for the sum required. The duke was aware that the grant demanded of him could not be legally made without an Act of Parliament, but con- cealed this knowledge that he might have a pretence for coming to England. Of course the scheme failed; but the lady having heard of the French pension, prevailed on Charles to give her ioooo out of each quarterly payment till the aggregate should amount to ioo,ooo. At the king's death only one payment remained due.t The duke's letters from Edinburgh to the Countess of Lichfield frequently exhibit his longing to return to the field sports of England in which he was so enthusiastic.-MS. Viscount Dillon, Ditchley, Oxon. t Clarke's "Memoirs of the Duke of York" vol. i. pp. 729, 730. (Tome lI. sub an.) 30 UNIVERSITY HONO URS 9 On the 4th of April the king sent the following letter from Newmarket to the senate of the April. University of Cambridge, announcing that he had deprived the Duke of Monmouth of the Chancel- lorship, and commanded them to elect the Duke of Albemarle to the vacant office: "CHARLES R. "TRUSTY & WELLBELOVED we greet you well. WHEREAS the undutifull behaviour of our Naturall Sonn James Duke of Monmouth,hath given us just cause to remove him from our Service, & any further attendance on our Person, whereby he is rendered uncapable of discharging any longer the Office he bore amongst you of Chancellor of that our University, either to our Satisfaction or your benefit. AND WHEREAS we are given to understand that by the Antient Statutes thereof the Chancellor was chosen to his Office but for three years, & by a latter Statute of Queen Elizabeth but for two years only. AND WHEREAS we have ever reserved to our self the power of Interpreting the Statutes referring to the Election of your Chancellor. WE think it fit to declare & we doe hereby declare the Chancellor's Office of that our University in the person of the said James Duke of Monmouth to be void & the Senate thereof to be in full liberty to proceed to a new Election. AND that you may not want a fit person to remind us from time to time of all things that may tend to the encouragement of good LITERATURE & all things else that may maintain that our University in the Splendour & pros- perity it hath ever enjoyed, WE have thought fit hereby to require you to proceed to a new Election of a Chancellor within the time limited by your Statutes. AND WHEREAS as well the Integrity & constant Loyalty of our Right trusty & Right entirely beloved Cousin & Counsellor Christopher Duke of Albemarle as the rembrance of the great & Eminent Service performed unto us by the late Duke of Albemarle his Father, hath justly intituled him to be near our Person & 1682.) 31 7HE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XIV. renders him every way qualifyd for the discharge of so high a Trust, & whose Nomination thereunto will be most agree- able unto us. WE FURTHER hereby command him to your choise as a Marke of our indulgent Care of your prosperity & welfare. And so we bid you Farewell. GIVEN at our Court at New-Market the 4th day of April i682, In the foure & thirtieth year of our Reigne. "By his Majesties Command, "CONWAY. "To our Trusty & wellbeloved the Vicechancellor & Senate of our University of Cambridge." In obedience to this letter the Duke of Albemarle was elected Chancellor. On the ioth of April he wrote from Newmarket to the authorities at the Uni- versity announcing his acceptation of the Chancellor- ship. But the jovial duke was too much engaged with his racing establishment to entertain the subject of his installation at the University. He would not suffer the Dons to bother him while he was at New- market, and after the meeting, if they chose to go to London he would receive them there; the idea of going to Cambridge he could not entertain. So, like Mahomed, when the mountain did not go to him, the Dons likewise had to go to the mountain: and " for the more solemn Installment of their new Chancellor" (as they put it), " the Heads of the University, with other Members to the Number of two Hundred and fifty, repair'd to London, and made a pompous Procession in all Robes and Habits, from Northumberland-House to Albemarle-House. Here the Ceremony was per- form'd with great Decency and grandeur, and his 3:2 AfONJI1OUTH ANVD ALBEMIARLE. Grace was entertain'd with several speeches. After which his Grace was pleas'd to express in very obliging Terms, his great Satisfaction in the Place into which they had Elected him, and his Readiness to do them all Acts of Kindness to the utmost of his Power. The whole was concluded by a noble and splendid Enter- tainment; at which were present, besides those of the University, several Persons of Honour and great Quality, besides an infinite Number of Spectators." Shortly before these events took place, Monmouth and Albemarle were jointly concerned in the murder of a watchman, for which they obtained the king's pardon. When Monmouth took up arms in I685, Albemarle was one of the commanders sent against him by James II. Monmouth wrote to his quondam chum, inviting him to join his forces; but Albemarle declined the invitation, declaring his determination to stand by his lawful king, James II., whereupon Mon- mouth issued a proclamation declaring Kit a rebel.t The following letter from Samuel Pepys 202 to Viscount Brouncker " throws some additional light on passing events at head-quarters during this meeting:- "Newmarket March 13, r68 l [2.] "MY LORD-The King received the Duke [of York] at his coming with all expressions of kindness; and though the Duke was well pleased to tell me last night that the King, whose commands should ever be his guide, had not yet declared any thing of his pleasure touching his stay here, and remove hence with him to London, yet I find every body concluding, and all things in appearance concurring, that he Archdeacon Echard's " History of England," vol. ii. p. 1019. t Ellis's Letters, vol. iii. p. 340; Echard, vol. ii. book iii. VOL. III. D 1682.1 33 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XIV. shall do both. So that I believe your Lordship will be eased of a journey hither, which truly would be found very trouble- some to you, and your accommodation here very uneasy, the town being already very full, and hourly filling. Besides that, I have to tell you from the Duke, upon my delivering him the message you instructed me with, that he is most sensible of your particular duty and good will to him (they are his own words), and that he wants not and therefore would by no means have you think of giving him so inconvenient a proof of it, as he apprehends you visiting him here might prove to you in your health; rather desiring you, for that reason, to respite it till he can meet you at White-hall. Mr. Pearce, however, I find mighty thoughtful and inquisitive after accommodation for your Lordship; but I doubt not but a day or two more will put you and us out of all fear of needing it: for I am already satisfied that the Duke will not return to Scotland without seeing London, nor then, I hope, but to fetch the Duchess; our Ministers being all in appearance very respectful and obsequious to him, and that squabble about the inn adjusted, my Lord Conway most sensibly rectifying the mistakes his servants had made, at his first coming, in that matter. "I have not yet been at Mrs. Nelly's,204 but I hear Mrs. Knight 205 is better, and the King takes his repose there once or twice daily. Your brother Hal 2m is all the Representative your Board yet has here, but more, I hear, are expected, and of the Navy a whole host. " I kiss your Lordship's hand, and my Lady Williams's, and am, my Lord, &c., S. P. 202 SAMUEL PEPYS, the author of the famous Diary, was descended from a younger branch of the ancient family of Pepys, who settled at Cottenham, county Cambridge, early in the sixteenth century. His father, John Pepys, was a citizen of London, where he followed the trade of a tailor till "Diary," edit. Lond., 1849, by Lord Braybrooke, vol. v., Appendix, 312. 34 SAMUEL PEPPYS. the year i66o, when he retired to Brampton, and ended his days there in i68o. Of our author's mother it is only known that her name was Margaret, and that she died prior to March 25, in the year i666-7, having had issue six sons and five daughters, of which.number, Samuel, the eldest surviving son, was born on February 23, i63I-2. He received the first rudiment of education at Huntingdon previously to his admission into St. Paul's School, where he continued till i650, early in which year his name occurs as a sizar on the boards of Trinity College, Cambridge. In October, i655, he married Elizabeth St. Michel. About the year i658 he began to keep a diary, which is continued uninterruptedly from the first entry January, 1659-60, for above nine years, when he was obliged, from defective vision, to discontinue this daily task. As he availed himself of his facility in writing short- hand, he was enabled safely to record his most secret thoughts, and to note down his memoranda with clearness and despatch. A more interesting moment for the commencement of a journal could not well have been selected, as we are introduced to the most minute and circumstantial details of the exciting events preceding the Restoration. And as the diarist was soon after appointed secretary to two generals of the fleet, he went to Scheveling on board the flag-ship of his patron, Sir Edward Montagu (afterwards ist Earl of Sandwich), to bring home Charles II., every occurrence is related in con- nection with that memorable expedition. In the following summer Pepys was nominated Clerk to the Acts of the Navy, and some time after he was appointed Secretary of the Admiralty. His official capacity brought him in constant intercourse with all the celebrities of the time, and he was a frequent visitor at Newmarket during the sojourns of the court there. In the summer of 1669, he was unfortunately obliged to discontinue his diary, owving to the increasing weakness of his eyes, which had long been impaired by his incessant correspondence, and the use of shorthand; but although he was apprehensive of entirely losing his sight, the disorder does not seem to have gained ground during the remainder of his life. He scems to have been on terms of 1GS2.] 35 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XIV. intimacy with the Duke of York and Charles II., and during the October meeting of i68o, he had the honour of attending his Royal Master for ten days at Newmarket, on which occasion he took down in shorthand, from the king's own mouth, the narrative since frequently published, of Charles's escape after the battle of Worcester. On the accession of James II. he was, by that monarch, retained at his post in the Admiralty, but he was dismissed in the ensuing reign, lost all his official appointments, and was occasionally subjected to harassing prosecutions and imprisonments on frivolous political and polemical charges. The estimation in which Pepys was held for his literary attainments had raised him, in i684, to the high station of President of the Royal Society, which he filled, during two years, with credit and ability. Of his munificence, as a patron of literature, the numerous books dedicated to Pepys furnish ample testimony, and, in one instance, he contributed no fewer than sixty large plates to Willoughby's ' Historia Piscium." Pepys took a lively in- terest in field sports; was indirectly a patron of the turf, but as to whether he actually had a racing establishment we have no positive evidence. Sir William Coventry, in a letter to Pepys, dated Minster Lovell, June 25, X673 (in which the writer solicits Pepys' interest to obtain employment in the navy for a person recommended) says, " I am very unlikely ever to make you a returne, unlesse you have occassion to keepe a running horse at Burford, in which case I offer you my diligence to over-looke him." This remark seems to imply that Pepys had some interest in racehorses about this time, when the Bibury Club contained so many persons of emi- nence. After a lingering illness Samuel Pepys died at Clapham, May 27, 1703, in the seventy-first year of his age. 203 William Brouncker, 2nd LORD BROUNCKER, Viscount Castle Lyons, in Ireland ; created M.D. in 1642 at Oxford; President of Gresham College, Comptroller of the Navy and master of St. Catherine's Hospital; Keeper of the Great Seal to the queen; a man of considerable talents, and some years President of the Royal Society. He died in I 684, aged sixty- four. 36 18.MRY KNIGHT. 204 Nell Gwynn, who had a house in Newmarket, a portion of which still remains (see ante, page 17). 205 MARY KNIGHT, a notable mistress of Charles II., was frequently at Newmarket during the sojourns of the Merry Monarch. Mary was principally remarkable for the lustre of her beauty and the sweetness of her voice. She appears to have become the mistress of the king early in the year I667, when, according to a lampoon of the period, she was employed by him to procure the favours of Nell Gwynn. The very fact of the king engaging a former mistress, in a transaction of so delicate a nature, would naturally imply a total cessation, if not of confidence, at least of either sentiment or regard. It would seem, however, that Charles continued the intimacy during a lapse of many years, as it is evident he was a frequent visitor to her lodgings during this Newmarket meeting, not- withstanding the circumstance that Nell Gywnn and the two duchesses-Richmond and Cleveland-were in attendence upon the court at the same time. Mary Knight's admirable singing probably served to prolong the connection long after mere personal beauty had ceased to charm. The singular sweetness of her voice is celebrated by Pepys, and, moreover, in Waller's " Poems " we find " a song sung by Mrs. Knight to her Majesty on her birthday." According to the lampoons of the period, Mary, or Moll, Knight was no less celebrated for her profane swearing than for the angelic sweetness of her voice. There are reasons to believe that, like her companions in frailty, Nell Gwynn and Jane Roberts, she died sorrowful and repentant. Her picture by Kneller represents her in mourn- ing, kneeling in a devout posture before a crucifix. Although the portrait seems to have been taken when she was in the decline of life, her countenance nevertheless exhibits exceeding beauty. Her arms are meekly folded upon her breast, while penitence and humility are strongly impressed upon her features. 206 The Hon. Henry Brouncker, " one of the shrewdest fellows for parts in England, and a dangerous man; " a member of the Board of Admiralty. 1682.] 37 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XIV. THOMAS THYNNE, a notable turfite of the period, the "Issachar " of Dryden's " Absalom and Achitophel," and the possessor of Longleat, was styled by his contemporaries, in consequence of his great wealth, " Tom of Ten Thousand." Hie mingled not only in the pleasures, but in the politics of the court of Charles. He had originally attached himself to the party of the Duke of York, by whom, in I669, he was despatched to Dunkirk, on a mission of congratulation to the French king. Owing, however, to some personal misunder- standing, he afterwards deserted the interests of James of York for those of James of Monmouth, with whom he subse- quently lived on the most intimate and affectionate terms. When Monmouth attended the races at Longleat and Bibury he was always the guest of " The famous Thyne of Long Leet Park," of whose hospitality, and subsequent assassination, Squire Baskervil -gives a poetic description (Harl. MS. 4716, fo. 5). Dryden also refers to the duke's visits to Longleat: "But hospitable treats did most commend Wise Issachar, his wealthy western friend." Notwithstanding the epithet " wise," which Dryden applies to Thynne, there is an ill-natured couplet of Lord Rochester's, which attributes to him anything but a brilliancy of parts "Who'd be a wit in Dryden's cudgelled skin, Or who'd be rich and senseless, like Tom Thynne " But whether Thynne's intellectual powers were of a high or low order, it is said that his wealth secured him the post of Envoy Extraordinary to the Court of Sweden, from November, i666, to April, I669; but he acquitted himself most honour- ably in his diplomatic mission; and, indeed, his despatches, many of which are still preserved in the Record Office, are masterpieces of official correspondence. The story of Thynne's assassination is replete with painful interest and romance, characteristic of the times. The great heiress and beauty of her day was Elizabeth, the only daughter of Jocelyn Percy, eleventh Earl of Northumberland. When almost in her infancy, she had been married to Henry Caven- 38 MTOM THYNNE. dish, Earl of Ogle, son and heir of Henry, Duke of Newcastle, who dying in i68o, she was left, as Echard expresses it, " a virgin widdow," at an early age. Soon after the death of Lord Ogle, her grandmother, the old Countess of Northumberland, had contracted her to Thynne, obliging him, however, to enter into an agreement, that on account of her granddaughter's youth, the marriage should not be consummated till a year had elapsed. During the interval, however, fearing that her husband intended to abduct her, she quitted her home, and escaped into Holland. (See Luttrell.) In the meantime, the famous Count Coningsmark, noted for his beauty and intrigues in most of the courts of Europe, had accidentally met Lady Ogle in public, and had either fallen in love with her person, or with the vast fortune of which she was the mistress. That the feeling was reciprocal there is not the least reason to suppose. Coningsmark, however, equally daring and unprincipled, determined by foul, if not by fair means, to make her his wife, and, as a first step, projected the assassination of the unfortunate Thynne. The persons whom he hired to commit the crime were three foreigners-Captain Vratz, a German; Lieutenant Sterne, a Swede; and George Borotski, a Pole. On the night of Sunday, February i2, i682, between seven and eight o'clock, the three assassins, mounted on horseback, posted themselves in a part of Pall Mall, nearly opposite to the present Opera Colonnade, through which they had ascer- tained the equipage of Thynne was likely to pass. As soon as the coach appeared in sight they all three rode up to the window, and, by their imposing attitude, compelled the coach- man to halt. One shot only was fired, which was from the musketoon carried by Borotski. So true, however, was the aim, that as many as five bullets entered the body of his victim. Thynne was forthwith carried to his own residence, where he lingered till about six o'clock the following morning, when he expired. Count Coningsmark arrived in London, April 6, i66i, as Envoy Ex- traordinary of the King of Sweden. - " Mer. Pub.," April -4, i66i, No. 14. 1G82.] 39 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XIV. In the meantime, Count Coningsmark had effected his escape in disguise as far as Gravesend, where he was recognized and arrested by a servant of the Duke of Monmouth at the very moment he was about to set foot on board a foreign ship. Having been reconducted to London, he was examined before the king in council, on which occasion he demeaned himself with the most imperturbable assurance. According to Sir John Reresby, who was present at the examination, it was evident, from the manner of the king throughout, that it was his inten- tion to save the life of the most. culpable of the party. The trial of Coningsmark and his accomplices took place soon after, when the jury was composed, on each indictment, of one half English and one half Germans, Swedes, and Poles, according to the nationality of the culprit. The count, after some hesita- tion, was acquitted, while the other three, according to sentence passed upon them, were executed on the ioth of March, where the murder was committed in the Mall, near the entrance of the Haymarket. Associated with this tragedy are some curious complica- tions, which do not come within our province to recapitu- late or attempt to explain. (See Luttrell, Jan. i6, 1695-6.) But in allusion to the peculiar circumstances which led to the assassination of Thynne, the following epitaph, or rather epi- gram, was in vogue at the time:- "Here lies Tom Thynne of Longleat Hall, Who never would have miscarried, Had he married the woman he lay withal, Or lain with the woman he married." "Two anecdotes," says Walpole, "are attached to these lines. Miss Trevor, one of the maids of honour to Catherine of Portugal, wife of Charles II., having discovered the Duke of Monmouth in bed with a lady, the duke excited Mr. Thynne to seduce Miss Trevor. She was the woman he lay withal. The woman he married was the great heiress, to whom he was affianced, when he was killed by Count Conings- mark, in Pall Mall." This story is corroborated in Archdeacon Echard'3 " History of England." After the death of Thynne, Lady Ogle became the wife of Charles Seymour, Duke of 40 THE OCTOBER MEETING. Somerset, by whom she had three sons, Algernon (a notable turfite), who succeeded his father in the dukedom, and Percy and Charles, who both died unmarried. The Duke of Monmouth seems to have sincerely lamented his friend. He sat up with Thynne during the whole night that preceded his dissolution, and exerted himself in the most indefatigable manner to bring the assassins to justice. It was, perhaps, a satisfaction to the duke that Coningsmark was arrested by his own servant. Monmouth openly and loudly expressed his dissatisfaction at the escape of the count. Des- tined himself to perish on the public scaffold, the duke is mentioned as having been a spectator at the execution of the murderers of his friend. Thynne was buried by torchlight, with great state, in Westminster Abbey, by order of the king, where his monument, of white marble, representing the tragedy, in bas-relief, is well known. " Newmarket, A ugutst 22. Yesterday in the Evening five Highwaymen Robbed a Coach on the Heath, and taking thence 59 pounds in Money and a like Value in Marles IL Silks, Gold Lace, and Linnen, whereupon the 1682. Country people being raised, they endeavoured to Nwmarket. stop them at the entrance of the passage, to this Augut. place, but knowing themselves Dead Men by the Law (if they were taken) they charged through them, and by Firing upon them Wounded four of the Countrymen, one of which we since understand is Dead of his Wounds."-The " Domestic Intel- ligence," August .2 , 1682, No. 13I. "New-Market, Sept. I 3. Last night two Gentlemen riding over the Heath, were Robbed of 7 Guinys and their Watches. On Monday next the Court is expected here, September. against the Arrival of which, great preparations are making."-Ibid., Sept. 11, No. 137. Whitehal/, Septem. i 6. This day his Majesty was pleased to Touch for the Evil, which will be performed at times, till he goes to Newvmarket, and there continued during his Majesties residence at that place."-Ibid, No. 138. "LONDON, SEPTE.MBER the 14th. This day about five o'clock in the morning, his Royal Highness, with many of the 1682.1 41 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XIV. Nobility, went a hunting in Eppin Forrest, and returned about four in the afternoon. His Majesty about eight in the morn- ing took a walk to Hide Park to view the Deer there, his Grace the Duke of Grafton walking all the way on his Majesties right hand, and about ten returned to White-hall again, where a Committee sat to regulate the affairs of Gurnsey and _7ersey, and have made a considerable progress therein. His Majes- ties journey for New-Market, is put off till .Munday come fort- night, upon the account of the Sheriffs; his Majesty intending to see them settled, and the Lord Mayor chosen, before he goes thither, which has proved a great disappointment to many of his Majesties Attendants and Servants; the Cambridge and Newmarket coaches being all took up, and earnest given for their places: the King and Queens Carriages were also gone, but a Messenger was dispatched to recall them: the persons that kept the 2 great Ordinaries by Charing-Cross, were gone 2 days before, having sent their necessaries before; 'tis believed they may be loasers; but the greatest loss will be those of Camibridge and New-nmarket, by reason his Majesty will make the less stay there."- The " Loyal London Mercury," Sept. `4, No. 8. "LONDON, SEPT. the i8th. His Majesty and [his] Royal Highness and several of the Nobility went on Munday morn- ing through the City, to hunt in Eppin Forrest, and about six in the evening return'd again: that days sport being much pleasing to all there present. His Majesty having been graciously pleased to touch for the Evil for severall dayes past, we hear he intends to do the same at New-Market, and Writing from London, September 29, i682, to the Countess of Lich- field, the Duke of York tells her that " Monday is now sett for going to Newmarkett; affairs having gone very well in the Citty yesterday when the two Loyal Sherrifs North and Riche were sworne and are in possession of their office which is a great mortification to the Whigs. They are now electing a new Ld Mayor and there is not yett come to this end of the towne an account who it is they have chosen; if he is not a good man he will not be aproved of by the King. I am just now told the poll is put off till Monday which makes me doubt whether his Ma. will on Monday [otherwise decide], but that will not be known till tomorrow."-MS. Viscount Dillon, at Ditchly, Oxon. 42 ARRIVAL OF THE ROYAL FAMILK 43 to that End, hath ordered Gold to be got ready."-Ibid., Sept. 0', No. 9. " New M1arket, Sept. 30. " Several Race-Horses are sent hither, and great was the Expectation of the Courts arrival, upon which 3 Races .will be Run, the Betts being already deposited, for loo Guinies each, last Night his Grace the Duke of A lbemnarle was expected in those parts, but came not, being hindered we are Informed by matters of Urgency-The "Loyal Impartial Mercury," No. 33. " Whitehall, Oct. 3. This Morning His Majesty and his Royal Highness parted from hence for New- market, to pass some short time there."-The "London Gazette," Oct. 2, 1682, No. 1761 . " Newmarket, Oct. 3. This afternoon their Majesties and his Royal Highness attended by a numerous Train of Nobility and Gentry, came hither, and were welcomed with all Imagin- able expressions of Joy, the ways being thronged with such as came to have a sight of their Majesties, Loudly Shouting God save the King, and send him a long and happy Reign, &c. Several noble entertainments were made, and Loyal Healths plentifully drunk, the Bells ringing all the while, and in the Evening Bonfires were made; we hear that several matches of Horse-racing are already concluded on, and that if the Weather permit, a great Foot race will be run for 300 Guinys upon the Heath on Tuesday next."-The " Domestick Intelligence," Oct A, i682, No. 143. "New-Market, Oct. I7. Their Majesties and his Royal Highness reside here in good Health, and continue as the Weather will permit, to divert themselves with Hunting and seeing the Races run on the Heath; and we hear his Majesty was much concerned at the hurt, that was done during the Great Race on Friday last. Two days since, a coach was robed of 400 pounds which a Gentleman was bringing hether to bet upon a race to be run on Saturday next, and altho' hue and cry was immediately leaved, yet the highway- men by crossing the Country, made there escape."- Ibid., Monday, Oct. i6 Thursday, Oct. 9 No. 147. 1682.1 43 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XIV. "Yesterday Her Majesty came from New-Mfarket and this day His Majesty and [his] Royal Highness."-Ibid., Oct. 2, No. 148. " Our Letters from Newmarket give an Account, That Their Majesties continue in good Health, and receive daily the Recreation of that Place, there having passed considerable Horse races, too many to insert; Col. Aston's Guard-Horse was now beaten by Teague, and Dragon beat Why not. During the Matches several Men and Horses ware rid over, and one or two had their Necks broken. Col. Aston and Sir Rob. Geere came in so furiously, that both Men and Horses were overturned; the Colonel for some time lay in a manner dead on the Spot, and Sir Robert had his Shoulder split; but they being both immediately let Blood, are since pretty well. 'Tis said Mr. Hevinganam of Hevinganam has sold his Horses, being resolved to forbear that Sport, and is preparing to go for Thctford, where (by the New Charter granted by His Majesty, upon the Surrender of the Old) he being constituted the first Alderman, that the Corporation have chosen him Mayor; and 'tis said they have the Privilege granted them to have their Mayor apparelled in a Scarlet Gown."-The "London Mercury," Oct. No. 56. "The Guards at Newmarket, have orders to March next Thursday for London, saving two Parties that are ordered to lye by the way to receive his Majesty when he comes on Saturday."-The "Loyal London Mercury," Oct. 14, No. 17. "New-Market, October 4. Their Majestys and his Royal Highness continue here in good Health, and we do not hear that his Majesty intends to depart hence till the i8th of this Instant, next week the Races will be run and this week 'tis expected his Majesty will divert himself with Hunting, and a great Match of Tennis will be play'd on Monday."-The "Loyal Impartial Mercury," Oct. is, No. 34. "Newmarket, Octob. i8. His Royal Highness since his Arrival here, has been to visit the University of Cambridge, and was there received with great Joy, and splendidly Enter- taincd. His Majesty is said to depart for Udite-HaIl on Saturday next, several of the Guards having already received 44 THE RACE.S. orders to March. The great Rain that fell this day hindered the Race intended, and caused it to be put off till to morrow. The Gentlemen hurt in the late Race, are in a hopeful way of Recovery."-Ibid., Oct 1-7-, No. 38. The State Papers do not contain much additional information about this meeting. Lord Conway was the chief minister in attendance on the king, from whose despatches to Whitehall we learn that the Wallacy races, and the incipient rebellion fomented there by the Duke of Monmouth and the Whigs, was a source of anxiety to the king and his council. Every movement of the conspirators was, as we shall subse- quently see, reported to Whitehall, and from thence forwarded to Newmarket, where the depositions were investigated; and although Charles apparently treated the plot with disdain, he nevertheless assented to certain precautionary measures, including the attachment of Monmouth and the prominent persons implicated. This October meeting was an unlucky one for the court party. Their crack horse was beaten, they lost their bets, the elements con- spired against them. In turf finesse they were outwitted; and although their tactics are somewhat shrouded in obscurity, it is nevertheless apparent they came off upon the whole badly. The course and the country around Newmarket was as hard as adamant. Hawking could not be enjoyed; hunting was out of the question; racing was "performed" under diffi- Writing on the 5th, Luttrell says, Gossip in London had it that the weather at Newmarket was fine, and the sports good. On the 14th he asserts there were several considerable races run. 1682.] 4; THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [Boom XIV. culties; the players were on strike; cocks were few and inferior; even gambling appears to have languished. No rain fell before the i4th, and then it was so heavy as to preclude sport. It got into the "portmantle," and so spoiled and tore the despatches that they could not be deciphered. Disappointed and dispirited, the king and his ministers, on the receipt of the news of the impending trial of Monmouth, precipitately left Newmarket and returned to London. In the meantime the alleged repulsive incident anent the castration of the king's celebrated horse Dragon, to qualify for a match, had, by general repute, occurred. Lord Conway, writing from Newmarket, on the 7th of October, to Secretary Jenkins, says: " His Matys Horse Dragon which carried 7 Stone was beaten yesterday by a little Horse called Post Boy carrying 4 Stone, and the Masters of that Art, conclude this Top Horse of England is spoyled for ever." Dr. Hawkesworth, in the "Adventurer," No. xxxvii., London, Tuesday, March 13, 1753, in an article on . Charles l." Remarkable instances of cruelty to brutes," Frampton and etc., thus alludes to the alleged castration, Dragon by Frampton, of his horse Dragon, in order to qualify the animal to run as a gelding, which the writer assures us " he remembered to be true." "'I was a favorite,' replied the Steed, 'but what avails it to be the favorite of caprice, avarice and barbarity My tyrant was a wretch, who had gained a considerable fortune by play, particularly by racing. I had won him many large sums; but being at length excepted out of every match, as Statc Papers, Dom., Bundle 964,A/bssimV. 46 THE DRAGON INCIDENT. having no equal, he regarded even my excellence with malig- nity, when it was no longer subservient to his interest. Yet I still lived in ease and plenty; and as he was able to sell even my pleasures, tho' my labour was become almost useless, I had a seraglio in which there was a perpetual succession of new beauties. At last, however, another competitor appeared. I enjoyed a new triumph by anticipation; I rushed into the field panting for the contest; and the first I put my master in possession of the stakes, which amounted to one thousand pounds. The proprietor of the mare that I had distanced, notwithstanding this disgrace, declared with great zeal, that she should run the next day against any gelding in the world, for double the sum: my master immediately accepted the challenge; and told him, that he would the next day produce a gelding that should beat her; but what was my astonish- ment and indignation, when I discovered that he most carefully and fraudulently intended to qualify me for this match upon the spot; and to sacrifice my life at the moment, in which every nerve should be strained in his service. As I knew it would be in vain to resist, I suffered myself to be bound; the operation was performed, and I was instantly mounted and spurred on to the goal. Injured as I was, the love of glory was still superior to the desire of revenge. I determined to die as I had lived, without an equal; and having again won the race, I sunk down at the post in an agony which soon after put an end to my life.'" The contradictory phases of this story are difficult, if not impossible, to reconcile. Lord Conway, who was contemporary and present at the race between Dragon and Post Boy, refers to the former as the king's horse, and although he does not specifically mention that the animal had recently been castrated, he seems to imply that something of the sort had occurred. What other interpretation, having regard to the generally credited tradition, can be given to the sentence: " And the 1682.1 47 TIHE HISTORY OF NE WA RKEGT. [BooK XlV. masters of that art conclude this top horse of England is spoiled for ever " Dr. Hawkesworth could have no personal knowledge of the transaction, and implies that the horse belonged to Frampton. There is no evi- dence that Frampton was directly or indirectly con- nected with the racing establishment of Charles II., although some of William II I.'s horses occasionally ran in his name. The assertion that Dragon dropped dead after winninzg the race, which beyond doubt he lost, is dis- March. proved in the following letter, written two years after that race had taken place. The Duke of York, writing from Newmarket, on the i oth of March, I 684, to the Prince of Orange, says: "I It was last Saturday before I received yours of the ioth, by which I see it had begun to freeze again, and I believe it continues to do so with you, for so it does here, and the wind has been north-east ever since his Majesty's being here, which has much taken off from the diversions of this place, one being very sensible of the cold in this place, and the frosts have been so hard, that one could not well hunt till near noon. I have been twice a fox hunting, and have had very good sport both times, for all it was so cold; there has been but one considerable horse race since we came; and on Wednesday the two famous horses Dragon and Why not, are to run. As to other news, this place affords none. . . '" So far it is impossible to clear up the mystery in which this curious incident in the annals of the turf Dalrymple's " Memoirs," vol. i., Appendix, Part i. (ii.) p. 51. 42, THE KING AND THE PICKPOCKET. is involved. We have had no opportunity of verifying the date of the Duke of York's letter; upon the accuracy of it a great deal depends. His letters to the Countess of Lichfield seldom contain the inscrip- tion of the year in which they were written.- During this meeting at Newmarket the king is said to have seen a pickpocket, who got into the palace dressed like a gentleman, take a snuff-box out of Lord Arlington's pocket. The rogue, catching the king's eye upon him, had the impudence to put his finger up to his nose, and make a sign, with a wink, to say nothing. The king, with like presence of mind, took the hint, and enjoyed the earl's feeling about soon after in one pocket and another, and looking all around him; and then calling to him, said, " You need not give yourself any more trouble about it, your box is gone, and I own myself an accomplice; I could not help it, I was made a confidant." Dog-stealing was a flourishing profession in the metropolis in those days. Some of those industrious individuals appear to have done a stroke of business at Newmarket during the meeting- " Lost at Newmarket, on Tuesday the third Instant, about twelve of the Clock, a white young Greyhound Bitch of his Majesties with a black spot between her Ears, another on each of her sides, and another near her Stern. Whosoever gives notice of her, to William Chiffinch, Esq., shall have two Guineas Reward."-The " London Gazette," Oct. 9F, No. 1763. The Rev. William Stukeley, M.D., the eminent antiquarian, asserted that Charles II. introduced snuff-taking and the wearing of wigs. He further alleges, with regard to the custom of snuff-taking. that it was usual in those days to carry a cocoa shell with a brass nozzle to drop a pinch out upon the hand, " & from thence they snuff'd it."-" Common- place Book," etc., by Rev. W. C. Lukis, p. 98. VOL. III. E 1 082.] 49 50 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XIV. The amount of money expended on the Palace at Newmarket for the year I68i-i682, was 424 4s. Charies m Among the materials used timber, lead, JOWD1Mkt,' bricks, tiles, laths and tile-pins, lime, hair, The Poaca. sand, colours for painting, locksmith's wares, and smith's work, and glass and glazing, cost 179 9s. 7d. For carriage 7 9s. i od. was paid. The wages of carpenters, joiners, bricklayers, plumbers, labourers, and the clerk of works, came to 9 I 14s. iod. The cost of painting the king and queen's lodgings was 24 7s.; taking down and newly setting up the brick- work in the queen's kitchen, I 5 7s. 3d.; making five pair of window shutters for the queen's bed-chamber and withdrawing-room, ' i 5s. 6d.; repairing the roof of the queen's kitchen, 6; " for new framing of the Slaughter house, finding all the materials (being de- faulted to entered in October, I 679) " 77; " and to Mr. Surveyor, for money by him laid out to John Browne for making dyalls at the Standhouse, and carriage of them to Newmarket, and for yS Charges & Expences of himself & Son in their journey to and from Newmarkett and in the time of their Entertain- ment there about setting them up 7 5s." t The expenses of the king and queen at Newmarket, in October, i682, amounted to 1364 I 2S. i Id.t To John Abell, one of his Mae Musicians in Ordinary in 1682. part of xxxvj" allow'd him, by warrant dated the April. xiiijth of November i682, for his Charges in October. attending his Matle at Windsor and Newmarket Sir Christopher Wren. t L. T. R., Works and Buildings, No. ioi, MS. P. R. 0. + Cofferer's Accounts, Rot., s.d. SIR ROBERT CARR, BART. Cxlvj dayes between the xxijth of AprIll 1682 and ye xxj of October following at va diem . . . xxv'. (Rot. XI i.) To William Bache his Mae Locksmith, for making, mending, and cleaning of Locks, Keyes, Bolts, and Latches, and other Ironworke done for their Mae service at Whitehall, Hampton Court, Oxford, Windsor, Winchester, and Newmarkett for the space of three years ended the Xxviijth of March 1683, and for his riding charges for himself and servants at Newmarket x daies in Mach I681, at Winchester viij daies in August i682, and at Newmarkett viij daies in Sept' 1682 at viij' a day by warr" etc. (Rot. 123.) SIR EDWARD CARR, of Sleaford, in Lincolnshire, who was created a Baronet, June 29, i6i I, had by his second wife Anne, daughter of Sir Richard Dyer, Knt. of Staughton, in the county of Huntingdon, a son, Sir Robert Carr, who suc- ceeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father in i6i9. This Sir Robert Carr married Mary, and co-heir of Sir Richard Gargrave, Knt. of Nostell, in the county of York, and dying August i4, i667, was succeeded by his son, SIR ROBERT CARR, the third Baronet, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Bennett, sister of Henry, Lord Arlington, and was succeeded at his decease in November, i682, by his son, Sir Edward Carr, the fourth and last Baronet, at whose decease, sine prole, in I683, aged twenty-one, the baronetcy became extinct. Such is the brief history of this family, of which Sir Robert Carr, the third baronet, was one of the most notable turfites in England during the Merry Monarch's reign. He was closely connected with the court, a great favourite with his sovereign, whom he served in various capacities, and was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster at the time of his death. His career on the turf, as appears by numerous inci- dents recorded in our pages, was evidently an eventful one. " THE KILLIGREW FAMILY," says Miss Strickland, " can be traced nested in the English Court, like mites in a cheese, from the days, at least, of Henry VIII." TOM KILLIGREW, as he was familiarly styled by his contemporaries, was a notable turfite in the days of the Merry Monarch. He was 1683.1 5 I THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XIV. a constant attendant at Newmarket during the visits of the king to that " poor village," when the race meetings filled it to overflowing with the highest and the lowest in the land. Tom, the second son of Sir Robert Killigrew, Chamberlain to Queen Henrietta Maria, was born at Hanworth, in Mid- dlesex, in February, i6i i. The interest of his father at court obtained his appointment as page of honour to Charles I., and he continued in the service of that monarch until the royal cause was lost. During the exile of Charles II., Killi- grew was not onily in constant attendance on his person, but appears to have been the principal panderer to his pleasures. In 165 I, notwithstanding the opposition of the king's advisers, he was appointed by Charles his Resident at Venice, with the object of borrowing money from the merchants of that city, where it is said his conduct reflected neither credit on his own character, nor on the sovereign of whom he was the repre- sentative, consequently he was soon recalled. At the Re- storation Killigrew was appointed a Groom of the Bedchamber to the king, and Master of the Revels. For many years he continued, by his wit and humour, as successfully to promote the hilarities of a brilliant court, as he had formerly contri- buted to raise the spirits of a deserted one. Charles delighted in his society, and never failed to laugh at his jests. He even good-naturedly submitted to be the object of his satire, and submitted him to freedoms and familiarities, on which few others (save, perhaps, Rochester and Buckingham) would have been bold enough to presume. But many of these familiarities took place under the privilege of the bottle, and in those hard drinking times, Killigrew was the hardest of the hard drinkers. Abraham de la Pryme, the Yorkshire antiquary, records the fol- lowing incident in his diary s.d. June 25, 1697:-" In King Charles the Second's time there came over an ambassador from Muscovy. Killigrew went one morning to his lodgings to compliment him, and pay him a visit. After a few ceremonys was past, the ambassador calls for his morning's draught, which was soon brought, to wit, a huge quart glass of brandy, and a great paperfull of pepper, a handful of which he put into the glass, and having stir'd it well in, he drank it off to Killigrew (who was the king of drinkers in those days), saying, 'This is the king of England's good health.' Killigrew look'd at him as if he would have 52 TOM KILLIGREW. Yet, notwithstanding his own failings. Killigrew is said to have laudably exercised his influence over the king, in order to divert him from that insane pursuit of pleasure to which Charles was so culpably addicted. On one occasion he said to the king-" There is a good, honest, able man, that I could name, that if your Majesty would employ, and command to see all things well executed, all things would soon be mended; and this one is Charles Stuart, who now spends his time in employing his lips about the court, and hath no other employ- ment; but if you give him this employment, he were the fittest man in the world to perform it." On another occa- sion, Killigrew, entering the king's apartment apparelled like a pilgrim, gravely informed his Majesty that he was about to take a very long journey. Charles inquired whither he was going " To Hell," was the unceremonious reply. " I am going," said he, " to speak to the Devil to send back Oliver Cromwell to take charge of the affairs of England, for, as to his successor, he is always employed in other busi- ness." His wager with the Duke of Lauderdale (elsewhere referred to), and similar incidents, need not be recapitulated here. Neither need we refer to his dramatic writings, which, though coarse, exhibit originality, keen satire, and literary ability. Tom Killigrew was twice married. His first wife was Cecilia, daughter of Sir Henry Croft, of Suffolk, a family long associated with Newmarket. His second was a Dutch lady, whose name or lineage has not been recorded. By the former of these ladies he had Henry Killigrew, commonly called " the younger," who seems to have inherited the liber- tinism, and a portion of the wit of his sire. His father, Tom Killigrew, the subject of this memoir, lived to a good old age, and died at Whitehall, in the seventy-second year of his age, look'd through, and was mighty loath to take such a drench next his heart, yet not knowing how to deny it, he took it off. The ambassador was for drinking several more such healths, but Killigrew (with a great deal of sorrow and shame) declined them, and taking his leave he went to the king, swearing that he thought the devil and hell itself was in it: he had got a morning's draught that almost burnt him to pieces, and having told the whole story to the king, he laugh't heartily at him."- p. 145- 1683.3 53 54 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XIV. on the 19th of March, 1682. His remains were interred in Westminster Abbey, near the tomb of his whilom chum, Tom Thynne. For a considerable period the Killigrew family held the Kempton Park estate in fee-farm under the Crown at a yearly rent of i8 is. -P.S. i631. BOOK XV. NEWMARKET IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II. (concuded.)- I683-I684. 1683. The Spring Meeting-Their Majesties and the Duke of York arrive -Other celebrities present-Passing events-The guests at Cheve- ley-Expected arrival of Lord Halifax-Etiquette in lodging the Privy Seal-Arrival of a Deputation of the Corporation from London -Petition the King touching the Metropolitan market monopoly- Their prayer granted-Are sumptuously feasted at the Palace-But disappointed because none of them were knighted-Several promi- nent citizens at Newmarket-Duel on the Heath-Lord Conway's house and stables-The King's training quarters-Sudden death of Mr. Warwick-Hunting and hawking-The races - Professional jockeys-The Masters-Jack of Burford-The young Duke of Rich- mond wins his first race-Events at Newmarket described by the Duke of York-Overtures from Winchester-Suspicious proceedings -The second great fire breaks out-Half the town burned down- Details of the conflagration-The side in Cambridgeshire escapes destruction-The Palace intact-Great loss and damage to horses and carriages-Scenes during the night-The Palace evacuated- The King and court take refuge in Lord Suffolk's house-Intended royal flight to Cambridge abandoned-The Palace re-occupied- Confusion among the Maids of Honour-Captain Sarsefield elopes with Lady Herbert-The Duchess of Mazarin's hell-Extraordinary gaming-The Rye House Plot-Project to carry off the King and Duke of York from Newmarket-Proves impracticable-The ulterior designs of the conspirators-Popular errors and " the Providential Fire "-Public collections ordered for the rebuilding of Newmarket- What became of the money-The fund closed in i688-Judge Jeffries, the Ministers, and the Monarch-Greyhounds and setters forbidden-Dearth of game at Newmarket-Hunting, hawking, coursing, and shooting, between Lackford and the Seven-mile Ditch THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XV. prohibited-The Earl of Ranelagh-Lord John Churchill-The Earl of Nottingham- The Earl of Arran-Mary Beatrice Queen Consort -Lord Coventry-Sir Thomas Vernon-Lord Cliford-Viscount Preston-Charles Lennox, ist Duke of Richmond-TThe Earl of Gainsborough-Lady Herbert-Viscount Grandison-The Earl of Castlemzaine-The October Meeting-Brief visit of the King and the Duke of York " without the ladies, to their great disappointment "o- Dearth of lodgings-The town in ruins-The Duke of York's descrip- tion of the races-The post-Works and buildings at the Palace- Expenses of the court-The Earl of AiZesbury-Sir George Blundel -The Earl of Conway- The Earl of St. Alban's-1684. The Spring Meeting-Attended by the King, the Duke of York, the Ministers of State, and the court officials-The journey down-Travelling diffi- culties en route-State of the roads-Bad weather-Abundance of company-The races-Sir John Raresby and the King-Influence of the Duchess of Portsmouth-Affability of the King-The Corps Diplomatique-Court life at Newmarket-Racing, cocking, theatri- cals, music, &c.-The October Meeting-Last visit of Charles II.- He arrives with the Duke of York and the court officials-Great racing-Expenses of the court-The King's good nature-Death of Charles II.-Brief retrospect of the turf during his reign-Rev. Thonzas Matchel, D.D.-Works and buildings at the Palace-Death of Prince Ruhert-The dramatists of the seventeenth century on the turf-Descriptive life at Newmarket - Touting-Betting-A book- maker of the period-The long odds-Familiar pedigrees of popular race-horses-Notable race-meetings-Gambling-Rooks and pigeons -Diurnal observed at Newmarket-The jockeys-And their masters -Match-making-Betting-The grand stand at Newmarket-Scenes on the Heath-" The Turf undoes gentlemen to enrich grooms "- The courses at Newmarket-The popular inns-Sharpers-The biter bitten-Adventures of Count de Grammont at Newmarket. ON March the 3rd, I683, "early in the morning," the king left town for Newmarket, "to passe some Charles I. time there;" and he returned to Whitehall Ne.wmket on the 2 2nd. Thus far, vide Narcissus Xaeh. Luttrell, his Diary. In the meantime many exciting incidents occurred in the Metropolis of the Turf, which, for the second time, was destined to be deprived of many of its topographical characteristics. We learn from our old acquaintance, Henry Saville, now Vice-chamberlain and a junior Lord of the Ad- THE SPRING MEE TING. miralty, in attendance at the Court, who writes (March 8) to his relative, the Marquis of Halifax, that life in Newmarket, at that moment, was unusually regular, and not interrupted by any accidents. The mornings were spent on horseback, the afternoons at cock- matches, the evenings taking the air, and the nights at cards. " There was very little company," he con- tinues, " but what belongs to the court; and of that there was but a thin appearance, till my L' Ranelagh,2"7 and my L Churchill 208 came with the French Embassa- dour on Tuesday; yesterday, my Lords of Clarendon,20' Feversham,2"0 and Nottingham; 211 and to-night we ex- pect Mad. de Mazarin with her usual train. A Scotch gentleman, much consider'd by the Duke, had some words yesterday over his cups with my Ld of Arran,2"' his lordship apparently the aggressor. They had both the witt to stifle the thing, and made their own recon- ciliation without the King taking notice of it; though the Duke of Albemarle and his guards had prevented any mischief." The Duchess of York213 paid a visit to Lord St. Alban's, at the time temporarily absent from Paris, where he held the post of Ambassador, but now at Newmarket for the sports, and located at " Mr. Jermyn's house, a mile from this place." t Sir George Saville, Bart., created Baron Saville of Eland and Vis- count Halifax, both of the county of York, January t3, i668; Earl of Halifax, July x6, 1679; and Marquis of Halifax, August x7, [682. He died in i695, was succeeded by his son and heir, who died in 1700, when all these titles became extinct. t Cheveley, formerly the residence of the Cottons. Sir John Cotton sold the estate in 1673, to Henry Jermyn, elder brother of Henry, Earl of St. Alban's ; he was created in i685 Baron Dover, and in July, i686, a privy councillor; and was Le Petit Gershwin of De Grammont's " Memoirs." 1G83.1 57 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOoK XV. In another familiar letter, Saville records Lord Rochester's arrival on the i3th; and he then enjoins the Marquis to give him the best warning he can anent his contemplated visit, because of the difficulty of pro- viding lodgings " for one that is likely to come so well attended with horse and man as yr Ld&P." Lord Coventry214 is in the town, "but comes little to court, his business being most among the jockeys; " and as the King is going to dine at Cheveley, and the Duchess of Portsmouth presses the writer to get on horseback to attend her thither, he must (and so must we, for the present), " bid his Lordship adieu." The next epistle from Saville to the Marquis re- counts various movements of the courtiers, which call for no comment. The Duchess of Portsmouth suffered from sore eyes, for which " she had been let blood; " and from a cold, for which she kept her bed; but what gave the writer most concern was the projected visit of the Marquis; he being the first Lord Privy Seal heard of at Newmarket, the Harbingers had no pre- cedent where to place him. His lordship's visit to Newmarket appears to have been abandoned in con- sequence of the great fire, which, a few days later, destroyed half the town. Writing to the Marquis (who was then staying at Rufford Abbey), Henry Saville describes the conflagration as follows :--" Newmarket, March 23. Pen and ink were so hard to come by in the morning, that I desired Sir Tho. Vernon 215 to give you an account of the fire which had consumed near The Marquis was frequently at Newmarket, but his appointment of Lord Privy Seal was not made till October 26, 1682, when he succeeded the Earl of Anglesea. A LARGE ATTENDANCE. 59 half this town. The whole side in which the King's house stands is untouched, but was so near danger that the King and Queen lay last night at my Lord Suffolk's. We are abundance of the court burnt out of our lodgings, but my stock of goods was so small, that except some foul linnen I yet hear of no loss in my family; few have escaped so well, and some have lost their horses, as particularly my L4 Clifford; 216 the Dutchess, Mad. de Masarin and my Ld Clarendon have lost their coaches, and every moment discovers new damages. The King at once resolved to go to- day to Cambridge, but upon second thoughts will make a shift here till Monday, when he will return to London, where I shall then kiss yr LdsPs hands. Adieu." Mr. H. Ball, writing from Newmarket, to Lord Preston,217 incidentally mentions that a deputation of Aldermen and Commoners of the City of London, had arrived there and presented the King with a loyal address, which was graciously received; t but some disappointment was manifested because his Majesty knighted none of them, " which some expected would have been done.": The citizens were present in Saville Correspondence, Camden Society, No. 67, pp. 271-274. t This business related to the market monopoly enjoyed by the Cor- poration, then as now a bone of contention between the City and the West-end. In this instance, a weekly market for live cattle was projected to be held in Conduit-Meade, " which would be greatly prejudicial to the inhabitants in and about Smithfield, the Hospital of St. Bartholomew and the City of London in general."-The Gazette, No. i8o8. The projectors succeeded in their object eventually, and obtained permission to hold their market in the east end of Hyde Park, in 1699. According to Peter Le Neve, Charles II. made only five knights at Newmarket, viz. March ig, 1668-9, Sir Ralph Warton of Beverley, York- shire; October 16, i669, Sir Henry Thompson, Alderman of York; 1683.] THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XV. force, and occasionally pugnacious: a linen draper having killed a vintner in a duel on the Heath. The Aldermen and Common Council of the City of London, who constituted the deputation, were enter- tained at the Palace at a cost Of 34 1 7s. 1od. The following letter from Edward Proger to Lord Conway, dated [Newmarket] March I 3th, 1682-3, gives us an insight of the sports and occurring events there, and refers to the employment of professional jockeys at this date: " I should sooner my deere Lord haue payd you my humble thanks for yours of the 9 but that I rec" not the hounoure till I was on horsback goeing to Stow. I haue this morning with Count Rannelagh and several workemen viewed your ground for Stables and Coach howses and haue ordered them to draw plaine [plan] of it with the help of the Officers of his Mattes workes and to morrow my lord will consider of a draught. Wee can find noe way to bring in your Coach the high way being soe uery narrow and a Barne standing the length of your ground close to the way without agreeing with one for a corner of a little yeard adjoining to the Barne or out of the yard where Mr. Mayes' running horses stand, we' Joynes to your Lor1s garden Wall. I shall desire your directions what to doe; a little inconsiderable summe I believe will doe it. I thinke a Lease will be best as long as the owner can giue for Councill, and deeds will Cost ten times more then the purchas is worth the reason wee can not haue a way out of the Kings grownd. There is a designe to build stables for Coachhorses for the King adjoyning to your Garden where the Tennise Court was. " This morning Mr. Warwick [who] was to go for London October 24, i676, Sir Barington Bourchier of Bamingborough Grange, Yorkshire; March 12, 1681-2, Sir John Knight of Bristol; and, March 17, 1682-3, Sir Henry Alnut, of Abstero, Buckinghamshire. "A Young Squire of the Seventeenth Century," voL ii. p. 53. 60 THE RA CES. found himselfe not well yesterday and prest by St Charles Scarbrough to open a veine, but being to begin his journey this morning put it of; he was up all night, and about six this morning was walking about his chamber some little time after was found dead vpon his bead. I was there and least the Doctor & Chirurgions intending to embalme him I am heartily troubled he hath mett with noe better reception in his owne Country from wch he hath bin absent diuers years; his Lady hee leaft in Sweedland. I heare poore Lewd Cordwall dyed yesterday att Forcades. "God be praysed our great [gratious] Master is in perfect health and gone this morning a Hawking wher I had bin but for attending your service: the Duke gone a foxhunting and all the Court in health at least I hear of none sick. Mr. Lee was ill the last week of an Ague but [now] well and abroade. " We had two matches yesterday Mr. Feltons horse rann against a Mare of Mr. Staples: both the Masters were the Jockeys; the ods was on the horse but the mare proued the better horse: the second was a mile match the Duke of Richmond's218 horse against Bob: Killigrewes neither much heigher then a Irish Greyhound. The Dukes was rid by Jack of Burford and was victorious to the great satisfaction of his Grace. To tell your LoP I neuer found myselfe extreamely vneasy at Newmarkett till now will neither looke like a com- pleament to your LoP or that I am growne old there being more there then a good many ladies heere you may take it in what sence you please and if youle please to wish mee with your good company att Langley and present my humble service to them with a pardon for this tedious Epistle you will ever oblige &C W. The following letter, dated Newmarket, March 2 1, from the Duke of York to his niece, Charlotte, Countess of Lichfield,t affords an insight to court life during the meeting: State Papers, Domestic, March, 1682-3, Bundle 267, No. 144. t Charlotte Fitzroy, Countess of Lichfield, second daughter of the 1 G83.] 6i THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XV. " I had last night yours of the 6 but having been a fox hunting yesterday could not answer it till now, and I shall be sure to speake to his Ma. as you have written to me to do before I leave this place, when I find him in good humour. I should have written sooner to you if this place had furnished any newse worth writing to you but till now within this day or two there have been very little company here and I never knew a meeting at this place where there was so little company as now, and I do not believe there will be much company here at any time whilst our stay here; but tho' there are not so many people this time, yett the weather has been much better than it was this time twelve months, and for all it has been a little windy it is not cold. The Dutchess and my Daughter have been several tymes abroad to take the air on horse back and twice to see the cock fighting, for horse matches there has been none but one which was yesterday; but this weeke they say there will be more. Her Majesty has not yett play'd Bassett' which makes the drawingrooms very dull and I believe will not whilst she stays here, but the Dutchess does. If I have any other newse to tell you I should writt it and beg of you to believe I shall always be your humble servant, J." t It is somewhat remarkable to notice that during Duchess of Cleveland, by Charles I I., and sister to the Countess of Sussex, was born on the 5th of September, 1664, and at the age of thirteen married Sir Edward Henry Lee, Baronet of Ditchley, in Oxfordshire, created, 5th of June, i674, Baron of Splesbury, Viscount Quarendon, and Earl of Lichfield, by whom she had thirteen sons and five daughters. She died on the 17th of February, 17i8. " Bassett, which is said by Dr. Johnson to have been invented at Venice, was certainly known in Italy as early as the fifteenth century, for we have seen it mentioned in a poem by Lorenzo di Medici. It appears to have been a fashionable game in England at the close of the seventeenth century."-" Researches into the Hist. of Playing Cards," by Samuel Weller Singer. London, i8i6, p. 267. [About this period Bassett seems to have been prohibited in France by Louis XIV. (See T. Brown's Works. Ed. London, 1715).] t MS. Viscount Dillon, Ditchley House, Oxon. 1683.] EXPENSES OF THE ROYAL FAMIL Y. this disastrous Spring meeting, the Earl of Sunder- land, one of the Ministers in attendance on the king at Newmarket, received intelligence through Mr. Secretary Jenkins, that the Earl of Gainsborough2.9 had written to him, announcing the resolve of the grand jury of the city of Winchester, to give the king all the right and title which that country had, by virtue of an ancient purchase, of the hall and ground within the Castle of Winchester, where his Majesty intended to build a Royal Palace. This liberality being induced by political motives, and taken with other suspicious circumstances, seems to indicate that the second conflagration at Newmarket was not accidental. The expenses of the king, queen, and the royal family, during their sojourn at Newmarket in March i682-3 is returned in the Cofferer's Accounts at Li 720 OS. old. The "extraordinary" expense of the royal stables in January and March was 209 7s. 4d.t The Duke of York, writing from Newmarket, March i4, to the Countess of Lichfield, says: " If this place had any newse worth your knowing I should have writt it to you before now, but it never was duller nor less diverting for the weather has been so very bad and so cold that it has very much spoiled all the divertions here, it having been hardly weather to stir out of doors, so that cock fighting has been almost the only thing one could do here and that for the most part we have twice a day. I have been a fox hunting thrice and for all cold season, have had very good State Papers, Dom., No. 133. t Cofferer's Accs., Rot. s.d. 63 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKE T. [BooK XV. sport; tomorrow I am to go to it again. The Duchess of Portsmouth is not very well, having com- plained of a pain in her head all day yesterday . . . she was let blood this morning and keeps her bed, and continues still ill. His Maty says he will go to Euston, but has not yet named his day." In Luttrell's Diary, under date March 3rd, i682-3, the following events are duly inscribed:-" In the morning early their majesties and his royall highnesse went from Whitehall to Newmarkett, the carriages and waggons being gone three or four daies before. . . . On the 5th her royall highnesse went hence from Newmarkett. . . . Letters from Newmarket inform, that their majesties are in good health, and divert themselves with hawking, hunting, horseracing &c. . . . On the 22nd instant, at night, between nine and ten, a fire happened in the town of Newmarket, which began in a stable by the carelessnesse of a groom taking tobacco: the wind being high, it burnt so furiously that it consumed above half the town, being quite one side thereof; but his majesties house received no damage; however, it proved a great losse, several persons being burnt, and divers fine coaches and horses. . . . On the 26th, in the afternoon, their majesties and their royall highnesses returned to Whitehall from New- market" " His majesty came to town yesterday from Newmarket, having been much dissatisfied; and his game thereabouts is destroyed; and the country were very uncivil to his guards and attendants." t The following paragraphs give different accounts Charle M of the origin, nature, and extent of the fire 1688. at Newmarket. Xaroh The Earl of Sunderland to Mr. Secre- MS. Viscount Dillon, Ditchley House, Oxon. t "A Young Squire of the Seventeenth century," vol. ii. p. 53. 64 THE SECOND GREA T FIRE. tary Jenkins. " Newmarket, March the 22. Midnight. The most unlucky fire has happened here, which has already burnt downe halfe the towne. The King's house wee hope will be saved, and all of that side of the great street, but the smoke was so unsufferable and the fire so neere that his Maj: thought fit to ly at my Lord Solfolke's this night and the Queen, the Duke and Duchesse are at my Lord Rochester's and they will be all at Cambridge to morrow and at London as Soon as is Possible, but their Coaches and horses are in great disorder some are Burn't and some abroade in the feilds. I thought necessary to give you this account that no Lyes might passe which I suppose may be made. I am, &C." " New-Market March 23d -5. My Lord has Com- manded me to let youre Honr knowe, that the fire having stopd without prejudice to the King's house, His Majti'e has thereupon altered his Intention of going to Cambridge, and will continue here till next munday morning, when He purposes to return to London. His Lordps intended to have given your Honr this acct himselfe, but having sat up all night, and finding himselfe indisposed for want of sleep is hereby obliged to make vse of another hand, which is the occasion of this Trouble from &c &c Jo. Mounsteven." t Alderman Newton, of Cambridge, in his Diary gives the following version of this fire at Newmarket. He says it broke out on the Suffolk side of the town, "but ye other side being in danger, it was resolved State Papers, Dom., March, 1682-3, Bundle 267, No. ioi. t Ibid., No. 87. VOL. III. 1683.3 65 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XV. that his Majestie & Court should that night come to Cambridge, & accordingly word came to the Vice Chancellor about one of the clock on Friday morning, who immediately gave orders for Great S. Maryes Bells to jangle to give notice to the Towne, & Candles &W., to be in all places alight, & accordingly the Bells did jangle, & Candles in abundance in all parts of the publick streetes on both sides in their windows lighted, & the King & Court accordingly expected. But betweene 2 or 3 in that morning there came the Lord Grandison,22 to the Dolphin & acquainted Mr. Mayor that his Majestie would goe or was gone to Cheavely, & not come to Cambridge, but his Majestie did not stirr from Newmarket but continued there all night & went away from thence not till Monday following, being the 26th March, i683." "lVewmarket, March 23. Last night between Nine and Ten a clock a Fire happened here, which began in a Stable-yard, and burnt so violently, the Wind being high, that in a few hours above half the Town was laid in Ashes. Their Majesties removed to the Earl of Sitfolk's House, and their Royal Highnesses to the Earl of Rochester's, which were at some distance from the Fire, where they lay last night, but His Majesties House having received no damage, they returned thither again this Morning. His Majesty continues, Thanks be to God, in very good Health, and intends to return with the whole Court to Whitehall on Monday next."-The " London Gazette," March 22, i683, No. I8 10. 66 IArCIDENTS.Y6 William Blathwayt, Whitehall, March 23, i682, to Lord Conway: "A great fire broke out last night in my Ld Sunderland's Stables at Newmarket which has burnt down all that row or line of Houses on that side where your LoP's House does not stand. It has very much disorder'd the Court and may occasion the King's coming away much sooner than he intended but I do not hear of any considerable damage more than the loss of those houses I have mention'd to be burnt." . " The King of England, having made the Earls of Huntington and Peterborough Privy-Councillors, thought fit to go take the usual Diversion of New- market, together with the Queen, the Duke, Dutchess, &c Within a few Days after his Arrival there, Marc/i i6th, his Majesty was waited upon by a Committee from the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, and Common- Council of London, with the following Petition and Address : 'We &c. being highly sensible of the great Happiness we enjoy under your Majesty's most Wise, Benign and Gracious Government, and of the many Privileges and Immunities by your Majesty and Royal Progenitors granted to this Your Imperial Chamber, most humbly prostrating our Selves at your Royal Feet, return our unfeigned Thanks and Acknowledgment, State Papers, Dom., No. 86. Francis Gwynne, writing from London on the 27th of March, announces the king's arrival in town about 4 o'clock in the afternoon of the preceding day, accompanied by the whole Court, who had hardly recovered the fright they were put to by the fire at New- market. The ladies were in great confusion: Captain Sarsfield, " the tall Irishman," ran away with Lady Herbert,22' widow of Lord Herbert of Cherbury; and " Count Castle Mayor 2- lost 600o one night last week at Madame Mazarine's bank at Basset " (Ibid., No. i3). 1,8.3.] 67 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKE T. [BooK XV. humbly begging your Sacred Majesty to believe, that as none of our Fellow-Subjects have receiv'd Bounties from the Crown, so none shall be more ready to sacrifice their Lives and Fortunes in the Service thereof, in the Defence of your Sacred Person, your Lawful Heirs and Successors, and the Government as now by Law Establish'd in Church and State, than We your obedient and dutiful Subjects of the Loyal City of London. And as we have lately receiv'd an Expression of your Royal Grace and Favour to us, in your Majesty's being pleas'd to order a Stop to be put (until a further Hearing) to a Patent for the Grant of a Fair and Weekly Markets for Live Cattle in Cunduit-Mead, which would be greatly prejudicial to the Inhabitants in and about Smithfield, your Hospital of St. Bartholomew, and your City of London in general; so we humbly conceive our selves oblig'd in Duty to return our hearty Thanks to your Sacred Majesty, imploring the Continuance of your Royal Grace and Favour. And Your Petitioners, as in Duty bound, shall for ever pray, 6"c.' " But six Days after, about Eight at Night, there suddenly broke out a terrible Fire in Newmarket, which consum'd about Half the Town. The King Himself by the approaching of the Fury of the Flames was immediately driven out of his own Palace, and remov'd himself unto another Quarter of the Town, remote from the Fire, and as yet free from any Annoyance of Smoke and Ashes, There his Majesty Finding he might be tolerably well accommodated, resolv'd to stay, and continue his Recreations as before, till the 68 THANKSGIVING DA Y. Day first appointed for his Journey back to London. But he had no sooner declar'd that Resolution, when the wind chang'd about, and blew the Smoke and Cinders directly on his new Lodgings, and in a Moment made them as untenable as the other. Upon which the King being put to a new Shift, and not finding the like Conveniency elsewhere, immediately declared, he wou'd speedily return to White-Hall, which he did very shortly after, together with his Royal Brother, and some others. This happening several Days before the appointed Time, the Misfortune at Newmarket was afterwards accounted and call'd a Providential Fire; as defeating and preventing a black Conspiracy, form'd against him and his Brother in their Return to London; which will be afterwards more particularly remember'd."-Echard, " Hist. Eng.," vol. ii., ch. iv., pp. 1024, 1025. In " His Majesties Declaration to all His Loving Subjects concerning the Treasonable Conspiracy against His Sacred Person and Government, lately Discovered," which was ordered to be printed and published, and read in all. chapels and churches within the Kingdom, on Sunday September 2, 1683, ie. Thanksgiving Day, it is stated: ". . . Whilst this first Design was Forming, some villains were likewise carrying on that Horrid and Execrable Plot of Assassi- nating Our Royal Person, and our Dearest Brother in Our coming from Newmarket, and Money was deposited for that purpose: But the shortness of the time, (We being then immediately upon Our Return) and for want of necessary Preparations, they were 1683.] 69 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XV. forced to defer the Execution of it till further Opportunity. It was then proposed among them, Whether they should Attempt the same at Our next going to Newmarket, in March last But some objected, That Our Guards, would be capable of making a great Opposition upon the Arrival of the News. For which Reason, and because they were not then in a sufficient Readiness; It was Agreed to be done at Our Return from Newmarket. . . . But it pleased Almighty God, by His Wonderful Provi- dence, To defeat these Councils by the sudden Fire at Newmarket, which necessitated Our Return from thence before the time We had Appointed... " Whereas several Idle Persons are wandering and begging from place to place, pretending to be undone by the late dreadful Fire at Newmarket, These are to grive Notice, That there is not one person of the said Town abroad Craving Relief."-The " London Gazette," March 49, 1 683, No. T 8 I i. Extract from the Register of St. Mary's Church, Newmarket, Suffolk: I 682. Burials. Elizabeth Thomas Both burnt Ann Kirke in ye fire which happened March 22, 1682, in wch a great part of this Parish was consum'd To the value of 20,OOO in Goods & Houses. 70 THE RYE HOUSE PLOT. John Kirk, burnt in ye dreadful fire, buried April 2 I 683. (Signed) E. Cunliff, Rector. John Husk & Churchwardens. Will: Delamore J It seems there were several projected conspiracies to assassinate the king and the Duke of York RY. House at Newmarket long before the Rye House Pot. Plot. It is unnecessary for us to go into these details, which will be found in the report of the Langhorn trial, published by authority, London, I679; and in the trial of Ireland, Pickering and Grove, London, i678. Prior to the final arrangement of the Rye House Plot, the conspirators, apparently at the instigation of the Duke of Monmouth, entertained a project for removing the king and the Duke of York during the preceding autumnal meeting at Newmarket. In Robert West's depositions, taken before Secretary Jenkins, June 26, i683, he testified " that the said lord Howard of Escrick at another time told this WILLIAM, LORD HOWARD OF ESCRICK, second son of Edward, Lord Howard of Escrick, acquired an infamous immortality by his betrayal of Lord William Russell and Algernon Sidney, in connection with the Rye House Plot. His lordship, who was involved in the conspiracy for which these illustrious patriots were done to death, was the chief evidence against Russell, and the only one against Sidney, and thus made his own peace with the profligate Court. On the decease of his elder brother, Thomas, Lord Howard of Escrick, in 1678, he ascended to the peerage rank. His subsequent career of extravagance and infamy need not be repeated. Evelyn mentions him as "that monster of a man;" and Mr. Henry Howard of Corby ("Fam. Mem.,o 1836), indignant at his conduct, is 1683.] 7 1 72THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BoOK XV. examinant at a tavern in the city, that he thought it no difficulty with fifty horse to surprise the King, the Duke and all the court at Newmarket, by beating up their quarters about break of day; but this examinant told the said lord Howard it was im- possible to get such a body to so great a distance unobserved, at which his lordship seemed convinced." Howard, in his written confession to the king, dated June i i (supplement), states that " about the ioth or I 2th of October, the Duke of Monmouth told me that he seriously thought of it (meaning the insurrection), and that after divers ways proposed and seriously considered of he was clearly of opinion that there was nothing so easily to be accomplished, nor so probable to do the work effectually, as to fall in upon the king at Newmarket with a small party of horse of about forty or fifty which he said he could soon have in readiness."-Cobbet's " State Trials," vol. ix., Lond., 8vo, i8i I. See Bishop Sprat's "True Account of the Horrid Conspiracy," p. 43, Lond. (3rd edition), i 686, who says: " Rumbald informed his Confederates that he and some of his Friends had resolv'd to cut off the King and the Duke in their Journey to, or from Newmnarket, above ten Years before; and had lain sometime in ambush to that purpose, but without effect, because, as God would have it, His Majesty and his Royal Brother went the other way through the Forest [Epping]; which, as the Wretch himself resentful in the curtness of his family recognition. The date of his birth he records: " Not looked for." In respect of his marriage the same dignified indifference is observed. " He died," writes the family historian, "in 1694." The place of his interment, " Not an object of inquiry." 7 - ANO 7THEAR "BRIEF" COLLECTIO.V7. could not but observe, they have seldom or never done before or since "(Ibid., p. 57). This extraordinary statement cannot be substantiated; and, indeed, very little reliance can be placed on the evidence of the professional witnesses, who, to obtain their vile ends, would " swear a hole through a pot." A road-side inn at Newport, Essex, now known as " Nell Gwynne's House," but formerly called the " Horns," was frequently patronised by Charles II., the Duke of York, Nell Gwynn, and other celebrities, when going to or returning from Newmarket races, "out of the great north road into Newport, vid Rickling Church End and the lane at Newport, still called London Lane." "There was this day [Sept. 23] a collection for rebuilding Newmarket, consumed by the accidental fire, which removing his Majesty thence sooner than was intended, put by the assassins, whco were disappointed in their rendezvous and expectation by a wonderful Providence. This made the King more earnest to render Winchester the seat of his autumnal field-diversions for the future, designing a palace there where the ancient castle stood; infinitely indeed preferable to Newmarket for prospects, air, pleasure, and provisions. The surveyor has already begun the founda- tions for a palace, estimating the cost at 35,ooo, and his Majesty is purchasing grounds about it to make a park- etc."-Evelyn's Diary, sub ann. "Whereas several Sums of Money Collected by Virtue of His late Majesties Letters Patents for the Poor lo". Suffers by the Fire at Newmarket, are yet v. 1888. remaining in the hands of divers Persons, to Fire at the great prejudice of the said Sufferers. The Newmarket. " Essex Archaeological Society Trans.," v. p. 77. This circumstance is alluded to in an old folio history of the Rye House Plot. In an old play printed about sixty years ago, the scene of the plot is laid at the " Horns," Newport; the dramatis Persona being Charles II., the I)uke of York, etc. 1,6S3.1 73 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOoK XV. Trustees appointed for the Distribution of the said Monies, have thought fit to Depute William Middleton of London, Gent. Receiver of all the Moneys yet behind and unpaid. And all Persons concerned are forthwith desired to pay unto the said William Middleton. all Sums of Moneys Collected as abovesaid, at the Convocation House of St. Paul's Church in London, and to send the names of the respective Parishes where the Money was Collected, to Rich. Hoare of London, Goldsmith, at the Golden Bottle in Cheapside and the said William Middletons Receipt from time to time shall be a good and sufficient Discharge to all Persons that shall pay the same accordingly." -The " London Gazette," May 2 , i688, No. 2351. It is somewhat remarkable to notice that, during this meeting at Newmarket, the notorious Judge Jeffries was occupying the attention of the ministers and the monarch, as appears by the following letter from the Earl of Sunderland to the Earl of Rochester, dated Newmarket, March io, 1683, in which he says: " I intended to have writ to your Lordship sooner, but I have so great a rheume in my eyes since I came hither, that I could not do it without a great deal of pain, which I did not think necessary to endure, having very little to say from hence, where there is a dead calm at present, though I think I do sometimes perceive certain influences I cannot like. Upon the news of my Lord Chief We have been unable to trace any subscriptions raised by virtue of these patents, except the sum of eight shillings collected at Milton church in Cambridgeshire in 1684.-Cole MSS., vol. ix. p. 187. In his Autobiography Quaker Stout mentions that in 1694 a great fire occurred in Lancaster; " the whole loss was computed at 2000 ; a brief was got, and some collectors appointed over the nation; but the charge of collecting was so great, that not one fourth of the value lost did come to the suffers." 74 THE8. THEOYAL GAMIE. Justice's being very ill, I spoke to the King of Jeffries, but I found him very much unresolved, and full of objections against him, as that all the judges would be unsatisfied if he were so advanced, and that lhe was not law enough. We expect you here next Tuesday at the farthest; no letter or excuse will be received. My Lord Ranelagh is just now drinking your health in tea. I am etc." t " We are commanded to give Notice, that it is His Majesties Pleasure, that no Person presume to carry any Crles II. Greyhound or Setting Dog to Newmarket this 1683. season."-The " London Gazette," Feb. 18, i682-3, Newmlrket. No. 1798. " Whereas there has been great Destnrction of Hare, Partridge, and other His Majesties Game about Newmarket, His Majesty does hereby strictly forbid all Persons whatsoever to carry down (for this meeting at Newmarket) any Grey- hounds, Setting Dogs, Guns, or other Engins that may destroy This unwillingness of Charles, and his reasons for objecting to Jeffries for Chief Justice, are creditable to him, and show, what historians in general have not suspected, that his appointment was the work of the ministers and not of the king (see Foxe's reflections on Charles 11. relating to this subject, " Hist. James II.," p. 48). At a somewhat later period the conduct of the king and his Chief Justice is susceptible of animadversion. When Sir Thomas Armstrong was proclaimed, in connection with the Rye House Plot, he made his escape to Holland and was outlawed; but the Court, hearing he was at Leyden, obtained an order from the Dutch States to apprehend him; and accordingly he was surprised and brought to London. When brought up for judgment before Jeffries, Sir Thomas insisted on his right of trial; the Act affording that privilege to those who " came in within a year," and the year had undeniably not elapsed; but the ferocious Jeffries refused it, and exult- ingly told the unhappy man that he needed nought but law, he should have an ample enjoyment of it, and ordered him for execution in six days. When Jeffries went to Newmarket, Oct., 1684, the king took a ring from his finger and gave it to him; a memorable honour, which reciprocates the infamy of the abandoned monarch and the execrable judge. It M as their last meeting in Newmarket, and perhaps elsewhere in this world. t Clarendon Correspondence, vol. i. p. 82. 1c80".] 75 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XV. any Game there: And His Majesty does further signife His Pleasure, that no Person do presume to Hunt, Hawke, Set, Course, or Shoot, between Lackford and the seven Mile Ditch, without leavefirst obtain'd."-Ibid., Feb. 22, No. i802. "Whitehall, March 3. This Morning their Majesties and his Royal Highness parted from hence for Newmarket."- Ibid., No. 1804. " David Wilkinson, a little short Man, about 26 years old, with short light brown Hair, a hairy Mould near his Chin, in a grey Hat, and Leather Breeches, Hired, on the 4th Instant at Newmarket, a bald Gelding, Wall-Eyed, above 14 hands high, eight or nine Years old, of a Chesnut colour, a short Mane and short Tail, and some white about his Feet, with a Hog-skin Saddle, and a white Cotton Saddle-Cloth, to ride to Cambridge, but has not been since heard of. Whosoever gives notice of the Horse or Man at the Green-Dragon in Bishop-Gate-street, or to Thomas Gambeling, at Newmarket, shall have 20s. and their Charges." -Ibid., No. i8o6. " Whitehall, March 26. This Afternoon their Majesties, and their Royal Highnesses returned hither from Newmarket." -Ibid., No. i8ii. 207 Richard Jones, 3rd Viscount Ranelagh, only son and heir of Arthur Jones, the 2nd Viscount, and Katherine, daughter of Richard, ist Earl of Cork, succeeded his father, January 17, 1669. He was created EARL OF RANELAGH, December, 1674. His lordship, who was Vice-treasurer of Ireland and Governor of the Castle of Athlone, married, i st, Elizabeth, daughter of Francis, Lord Willoughby of Parham, by whom he had two sons, who both died young, and three surviving daughters; and 2ndly, Margaret, relict of John, Lord Stawel, and daughter of James, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, by whom he had no child. The earl died without male issue in I711, when the earldom expired, and the viscounty and barony remained dormant for nearly half a century, until claimed by and allowed to the deceased lord's cousin, Charles Jones, Esq., in 1759, who then became 4th Viscount Ranelagh. 76 MARLBOROUGH AND ORMO.NDE. John Churchill, eldest son and successor of Sir William Churchill, and Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Drake, Knt., of Ash, in Devonshire, was born on May 24, i65o. In his youth he was page of honour to James, Duke of York, through whose favour he obtained an ensigncy in the guards. In i67i he served at Tangiers against the Moors; and being in the army sent the following year, under the Duke of Mon- mouth, to the assistance of Louis XIV., against the Dutch, signalized himself at the siege of Maestrich. In i679 he attended the Duke of York into Flanders, and in i68o into Scotland. He was also with H.R.H. in i682, when the Gloucester frigate, on her voyage to Scotland, struck on the Lemon and Oar sand. In December following, by the influence of the duke, he was created LORD CHURCHILL, of Eyemouth, county Berkshire, in the peerage of Scotland, and the next year, being then a general officer, he got command of the ist Regiment of Dragoons, at that time newly raised. He subsequently became the most celebrated general of his age. As Duke of Marlborough he was a notable patron of the turf, and gave a gold cup to be run for frequently (as we shall subsequently record) at Woodstock. He died June i6, 1722. 2 Edward Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon (see post. Annals, sub tit. Burford). 210 See vol. ii. p. 289. 211 Probably meant for Francis Howard, 5th Baron Howard of Effingham. Sir Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Nottingham, died without heirs, April 26, i68i, when the earldom of Nottingham became extinct, but the barony of Effingham then devolved upon his kinsman, Francis Howard, above mentioned. 212 Lord Richard Butler, third son of James, ist Duke of Ormonde, and Elizabeth, only daughter of Richard Preston, Earl of Desmond, was advanced to the peerage of Ireland as EARL OF ARRAN, in 1662, and created a peer of England, 1633.1 7 7 THIE HISTORY OF NEWMAIRKET. [BOOK XV. by the title of Baron Butler of Weston, county H untingdon, in i673. Upon his father's quitting Ireland in i682, this noble- man was left deputy until his return, and performed great service against the mutinous garrison of Carrick-Fergus. He distinguished himself also in the naval encounters between the English and Dutch fleets in I673. He married, Ist, Mary, daughter of James Stuart, Duke of Richmond and Lennox, but had no issue; and, 2ndly, Dorothy, daughter of John Ferrers, Esq., of Tamworth Castle, county Warwick, by whom he had an only surviving daughter, Charlotte, married to Charles, Lord Cornwallis. He died in 1685, when, leaving no male issue, all his honours expired, but were revived in his nephew, the Hon. Charles Butler, Baron Butler of Weston, who died s.p. in I 5, when the title, etc., became extinct. 213 Mary Beatrice, of Modena, second wife of James, Duke of York. Married, December, i673; became Queen Consort of England, February, i685; gave birth to the Prince of Wales (the Pretender), June, 1688; fled to France, November same year; died in exile, May, 17i8. 214 John Coventry, only son of George Coventry, 3rd Baron Coventry, and Margaret, daughter of John, Earl of Thanet, succeeded, on the death of his father, to the family titles and estates, December I5, i68o, but dying unmarried, July 25, 1687, the title and estates reverted to his uncle, the Hon. Thomas Coventry, of Snitfield, county Warwick, as 5th BARON COVENTRY. The fourth Lord Coventry, above mentioned, was a frequent visitor to Newmarket, and a prominent sup- porter of the turf 215 SIp THOMAS VERNON, Bart., eldest son and heir of Sir Henry Vernon of Hodnet, Bart., in Shropshire, and Eliza- beth, daughter and heir of Sir Richard White, Knt., of Friers, in Anglesey, succeeded his father in 1676. He married Mary, daughter of George Kirke, Esq., by whom he had a son and successor, Sir Richard Vernon, third Baronet, who died at the Court of Augustus, King of Poland, in 1723, when the baronetcy expired. Sir Thomas Vernon died in i684. 78 1083.] CHARLES LENNOX, DUKE OF RICHLMIOND. 216 Charles Boyle, Lord Viscount Dungarvan-eldest son of Richard Boyle, 2nd Earl of Cork, and Lady Elizabeth Clifford, only daughter and heiress of Henry, 5th and last Earl of Cumberland-was summoned to the English Parliament by writ, in i682, as LORD CLIFFORD. His lordship married, ist, Lady Jane Seymour, youngest daughter of William, Duke of Somerset, by whom he had issue, two sons and three daughters; and 2ndly, Arethusa, daughter of George, Earl Berkeley, and had by this lady a daughter. Lord Clifford predeceased his father in I694. His son, Charles Boyle, 3rd Earl of Cork, and 2nd Earl of Burlington, succeeded to the family honours and estates on the death of his grandfather, January I5, I697. (See Annals, sub tit. Thetford, 1698.) 2'7 Sir Richard Graham, Bart.-eldest son and heir of Sir George Graham, 2nd Baronet, of Esk, county Cumberland, by his wife, Lady Mary Johnstone, daughter of James, ist Earl of Hartfell-was advanced, May I2, I68I, to the peerage of Scot- land as Baron Graham of Esk, and VISCOUNT PRESTON. His lordship was British ambassador to the Court of France for many years, and subsequently Secretary of State to James II. At the Revolution, the viscount was committed to the Tower, but soon after released from imprisonment. Being afterwards, however, apprehended in an attempt to escape to his old master in France, he was arraigned for high treason, and con- demned, but pardoned through the intercession of his friends, in June, 169I. He married Anne, second daughter of Charles Howard, ist Earl of Carlisle, by whom he had a son and two daughters. Lord Preston died in I695. 218 CHARLES LENNOX, natural son of Charles II. by Louise de Querouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth. He was born July 29th, 1672, created Baron of Settrington, Earl of March, and Duke of Richmond, all in county York, with grant of the site of the Castle of Richmond, August 9, 1675. To these honours were added, on the 9th of September following, Baron Methuen of Torbolton, Earl of Darnley, and Duke of Lennox in the peerage of Scotland, with the estates thereunto pertain- 79 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XV. ing which had lapsed to the Crown. This was probably the first appearance of any member of the Lennox family, Dukes of Richmond, at a race meeting; and although his grace above mentioned was then only in the eighth year of his age, and his horse but -a boy's pony, it is nevertheless interesting as relating to a family afterwards so conspicuously identified with the turf at " Glorious Goodwood." Evelyn styles him "a very pretty boy." About this time he was admitted into the-Order of the Garter. A somewhat curious anecdote is connected with this circumstance. It had formerly been the custom for the knights of the order to wear the blue riband round the neck, with the George pendant on the centre of the breast. Shortly, however, after the young duke's installation, his mother presented the child to the king with the riband over his right shoulder as it is now worn. Charles was so pleased with the innovation that he desired the fashion, which in fact has ever since been adhered to, should be generally adopted. On the 22nd of January, i681-2, the duke was appointed Master of the Horse to the king, when the duties of the office were, of course, performed by deputy. On the accession of James II. the duke was deprived of this post, when George, Lord Dartmouth, became Master of the Horse, by patent dated April 10, 1685. With William III. he appears to have been a favourite. He served with him as one of his A.D.C's. in Flanders. He was a lord of the bed-chamber to George I. The duke married in January, i693, Anne, daughter of Francis Lord Brundell, and widow of John, the son of the first Lord Bellasis of Worlaby, thorough turfites. By this lady he had one son, Charles, who succeeded him in the title, and two daughters. The duke died at Goodwood, May 27, 1723, and The duke's salary as Master of the Horse was a hundred marks per annum, payable quarterly, with all other fees, profits, authorities, and advantages the. eunto belonging, after he had attained the age of fourteen years. Henry Grey, Theophilus Oglethorpe (who subsequently became Stud Master to James II. with a salary of 2oo a year), and Charles Adderley, Esquires, were Commissioners for executing the office until his grace attained the age of fourteen years. THE EARL OF GAINSBOROUGH. was buried at Chichester Cathedral. He had the fine breeding and easy temper of his father. According to Macky, he was "goodnatured to a fault, very well bred, with many valuable things in him; was an enemy to business, very credulous, well shaped, black complexion, much like King Charles." Swift, on the other hand, denounces him as " a shallow cox-comb." But the brilliant Dean of St Patrick's, at this time, was a bilious subject; he hated Godolphin and all the turfites alike, consequently Macky's opinion is probably the most trust- worthy. 219 Edward Noel, 3rd Baron Noel and 4th Viscount Camp- den-created by Charles II., by letters patent dated February 3, i681, Baron Noel of Titchfield, and advanced to the dignity of EARL OF GAINSBOROUGH, December i, i682-was eldest son and successor of Baptist Noel, 2nd Baron Noel and 3rd Viscount Campden, by his first wife, Lady Anne Fielding, daughter of William, Earl of Denbigh. He succeeded his father in the latter titles, October 29, 1682. His lordship was constituted Lord-lieutenant of the county of Southampton, Warden of the New Forest, and Governor of Portsmouth. He married, ist, Lady Elizabeth Wriothesley, daughter and co- heiress of Thomas, 4th Earl of Southampton, by whom he acquired the lordship of Titchfield, and had issue, two sons and three daughters; and 2ndly, Mary, widow of Sir Robert Worseley, of Appuldurcombe, in the Isle of Wight, and daughter of the Hon. James Herbert, of Kingesly, in county Bucks. He died in i689. 220 George Villiers, 4th VISCOUNT GRANDISON, Captain of the King's Guards, married Lady Mary Legh, second daughter and co-heiress of Sir Francis Legh, Bart., created Lord Duns- more in 1628, and Earl of Chichester in i644, by whom he had two sons and two daughters. He died in 1699, and was succeeded by his grandson John, 5th Viscount Grandison. 221 Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of George Brydges, 6th Lord Chandos, second wife of Edward Herbert, 3rd Lord Herbert of Cherbury, who died December 9, i678. Lady VOL. III. C, 1683.] 8i THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XV. Herbert married, 2ndly, William O'Brien, 2nd Earl of Inchiquin, and 3rdly, Charles Howard, 4th Baron Howard of Escrick, county York. She died in I717. m Qy. if Rorger Palmer, the cully, who was raised to the peerage of Ireland as Baron Palmer, and Earl of Castlemaine, county Kerry, December i i, i66i, honours which happily expired July 28, 1705. He married Barbara Villiers, only daughter and heiress of William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison, the rapacious mistress of Charles II., by whom she was created Duchess of Cleveland. " WhzitehaZ, Octob. io. On Monday last His Charsi . Majesty went from hence to Newmarket, "683 and this day His Royal Highness and Newmarket. October. the Prince, to pass a few days there." -The " London Gazette," Oct. A-, 683, No. i867. We learn from the State Papers that the king went to the October meeting "without the ladies to their great disappointment," in consequence of " so little lodgings, the town being not rebuilt." No reference is made to the races. Lord Aylesbury2' and Sidney Godolphin were busy interceding with the king and the Duke of York on behalf of Sir George Blundel,224 who, it appears, had insulted the judges while he was " very much in drink." The royal visit to Newmarket, on this occasion, was a comparatively brief and dis- agreeable one to all concerned.t The expenses of the king and queen (sic) at Newmarket in the month of October, 1683, came to 69 i 14s. 44d.4 " These are to give Notice, That a Post will go and return from Newmarket every day while the Court is there."-Ibid., No. 19o8. t State Papers, Dom., Bundle 447. Hatton Corres., vol. ii. p. 36. Cofferer's Acc., Rot., s. d. 82 THE OCTOBER MEETING. The Duke of York, writing to the Countess of Lichfield from " London, Octo. ig," tells her that he arrived the previous day from Newmarket, and that the king was expected the following day: "and tho his stay at Newmarkett," he continues, "was not as long as usual yett there has been more horse races than I can remember at any meeting, there never having past a day, at least when I was there, with out one and for the most part two or three, and this day there is to be seven. The weather whilst we were there was dry but very cold so that there was very bad hunting. I have been so little in towne that I can tell you no newse of this place, and for this tyme I shall content myself with assuring you that you shall always find me to be your most humble servant, J." 20 Robert Bruce, 2nd Earl of Elgin-only son of Thomas Bruce, ist Earl of Elgin, in the peerage of Scotland, created a peer of England, August I, i64i, as Baron Bruce of Whorlorton, in the county of York (pedigree and name of the mother unknown)-succeeded his father in 1643. He was advanced in the peerage of England, March I8, i664, to the dignities of Baron Bruce of Skelton, county York, Viscount Bruce of Ampthill, county Bedford, and EARL of AILESBURY. He married Diana, daughter of Henry, 2nd Earl of Stamford, and died in i685. 2 SIR GEORGE BLUNDEL, Bart.-son and successor of Sir Francis Blundel, Bart, of Cardington, Bedfordshire (a junior branch of the Blundels of Ince, county Lancaster) and his wife Joyce, daughter of William Serjeant, Esq., of Waldridge, Bucks-was M.P. for Philipstown in the Irish Parliament. He married Sarah, daughter, and eventual heir, of Sir William Colley, Knt., of Edenderry, by whom he had three sons and two daughters. MS. Viscount Dillon, at Ditchley House, Oxon. 1683.] 83 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XV. During the year i682-3 the sum of 398 IIs. old. Charles I. was laid out on works and buildings at 1683. Newmarket Palace. The materials used Newmiarket. The Palace. were of a similar description to those in the preceding year, and came to 259 3s. 9jd, upon which 8 1 3s. 6d. was paid for carriage, by land and water; and the wages of the carpenters, joiners, bricklayers, and plumbers employed, amounting to 130 I3s. 9d., made up the total at foot of the account. To Tho Donkly for washing surplices for Brooms Rubbers Septemberand Wipers for his Mat Clossetts, for loading and unloading thinges in his Charge at times of removing, for holly, Ivy, Rosemary, and Baies, for his Court Cloath and Livery, and for travelling charges to Newmarket, Winchester & Windsor for one whole yeare ended at Michas 1683 by warrts etc. . .lviij" xvj viijd (Rot. 123). To Henry Brockwell, Keeper of his Mats Musicall Instru- ments, for Strings, and for mending ye sd Instruments & for a Chest to Carry ye Instruments vpon Removes to Windsor & Newmarkett and for othr services by him done within ye space of two years ended at our Lady Day i683 by warrant dated ye xxx" of June 1683. . . xxvij" xs (Rot. 126). To Henry Carr, Esqr., Gentt. Vsher Daily Waiter in Ordinary to his Maty for his Extraordinary Attendance vpon his Maty (when it was not his turne to waite) att Newmarket and riding Post to Chatham and Winchester and attending his Matie at those sev" places at sev" times between ye vth of September i68i and ye xth of August i683. . . lji (Ibid.). EDWARD CONWAY, 3rd Viscount, created Earl of Conway December 3, i679, succeeded his father, the 2nd Viscount, Death of Earl in 1655. He was a frequent habitdZ at New- Conway. market during the races-where he had a large Memoir. establishment-a breeder of racehorses, and an observant writer on current events. Fortunately, most of L. T. R., Works and Buildings, No. [02, MISS., P. R. 0. 84 EARL CONWA Y. his papers have survived the wreck of time, and are still preserved in the Public Record Office; and from these many interesting facts relating to the turf from time to time, during the reign of Charles II., have enriched these annals. His lordship married, ist, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Heneage Finch, and sister of the ist Earl of Nottingham, by whom he had an only son, who died in infancy. He married, 2ndly, Elizabeth, daughter of Henty Booth, Earl of Warrington; and 3rdly, Ursula, daughter of Colonel Stawel, but had no surviving issue. Lord Conway died in i683, when all his honours became extinct; but the principal part of his extensive estates passed, by his lordship's will, to the sons of Sir Edward Seymour, Bart., of Bury Pomeroy, with the injunction that the inheritor should assume the sur- name and arms of Conway. This fortune was first inherited by Popham Seymour, Esq., who assumed, of course, the name of Conway; but that gentleman falling in a duel with Colonel Kirk, June 4, i699, and dying unmarried, it passed to his brother, Francis Seymour, Esq., who assumed likewise the surname of Conway, and was afterwards created Baron Con- way of Ragley, which barony now merges in the Marquisate of Hertford. DURING the year also died Henry Jermyn, Ist Baron Jermyn, of St. Edmundsbury, created EARL OF ST. ALBANS, April 27, i66o, K.G. He was the second son Deah of the of Sir Thomas Jermyn, of Rushbroke, Treasurer Earl of St. of the Household of King Charles I. This Alban. nobleman held Cheveley, and consequently was a frequent visitor to Newmarket when racing and royalty attracted him, and his diplomatic duties did not prevent his attend- ance there on such occasions. He also held the office of Lord Chamberlain of the Household to the king after the Restoration, and was frequently employed in diplomatic missions abroad. But his chief official position at the Court was that -of Master of the Horse to Henrietta Maria; the Queen Mother, with whom he was on terms of such intimacy as warranted the belief that they were husband and wife. The enemies of Henrietta Maria have accused her of having .1683.] 85 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XV. been unfaithful to Charles I. Undoubtedly there was much of French levity in her manner and conduct, but nevertheless the fact of actual infidelity remains still unproved. It must be admitted, however, on the other hand, that her character has never been completely cleared. Lord Dartmouth, in a note to Bishop Burnet's History, supplies us with a curious anecdote. The queen, he informs us, had conceived a par- ticular dislike to the Duke of Hamilton. His grace, for some reason, being anxious to obtain an interview with Henrietta Maria, had persuaded Mistress Seymour, a woman of the bed-chamber, to admit him secretly into the queen's private apartment at Somerset House; when, his wish having been gratified, he stated that from his place of concealment, he surprised Henrietta Maria in great familiarities with Jermyn. Lord Dartmouth's authority was Sir Francis Compton, who had it from his mother, the Countess of Northampton, an intimate acquaintance of Mistress Seymour. There is much reason to believe that after the death of Charles I., Henrietta Maria secretly united herself to her Master of the Horse and reputed lover, who is the subject of this biographical notice. According to other writers, they omitted the marriage cere- mony, thus following the lead of Owen Tudor and another ex-queen. " I had three cousins," says Sir John Reresby, " then in an English convent at Paris, one of them an ancient lady, and since abbess of that house; thither the queen was wont often to retire for some days; and the lady would tell me that Lord Jermyn, since St. Albans, had the queen greatly in awe of him, and indeed it was obvious that he had the greatest interest with her concerns; but that he was married to her, or had children by her as some have reported, I did not then believe, though," he adds, " the thing was cer- tainly so." Their presumed marriage is occasionally referred to by Pepys. On the 31st of December, i662, he made the following entry in his Diary: "The Queen Mother is said to keep too great a court now; and her being married to my Lord St. Albans is commonly talked of; and that they had a daughter between them in France; how true, God knows." But the manner in which St. Albans subsequently dropped the lover, 86 l163.) LORD ST. ALBANS AND THE QUEEN MOTHER. 87 and apparently took upon himself the stern authority of the husband, affords further presumptive evidence that their union was not altogether imaginary. Indeed, his conduct towards Henrietta Maria, at a later period, almost amounted to ill- usage. " The widow of Charles I.," says Madame de Baviere, in one of her letters, " made a clandestine marriage with her Chevalier d'honneur, Lord St. Albans, who treated her ex- tremely ill, so that, whilst she had not a faggot to warm herself with, he had in his apartments a good fire and a sumptuous table. He never gave the queen a kind word, and when she spoke to him, he used to say, ' Que me vent cettefemme' 'What does that woman want"' This piece of domestic history is corroborated by Count Hamilton. Speaking of the earl, he says: " It is well known what a table the good man kept at Brussels, while the king, his master was starving, and the queen dowager, his mistress, lived not well in France." At the Restoration, however, as we have already seen, Henrietta Maria obtained a grant from Parlia- ment, which would have sustained her in luxury were it not for the ruinous infatuation she had for gaming. Like most of the grand dames of the Merry Monarch's court, the Queen Mother was a pronounced gamester. The accounts of her household contain many, many sad proofs of her predilection in that respect, and frequent entries occur of various sums of money " to pay for her Mas losses at play." From these old household accounts we also learn that she was passionately fond of the melons for which the gardens at Cheveley were then celebrated, and the Earl of St. Albans' gardener usually received a handsome reward when he brought the fruit to her Majesty at Somerset House, her town residence at this time, as it had been before the Civil War. With the exception of a short visit to France in 1662, Henrietta Maria remained in England from November, i66o, till the outbreak of the plague in i665, when, dreading the approaches of that disease, she retired to her Chateau de Colombe, on the Seine, near Paris, where she died on the ioth of August, i669, in the sixtieth year of her age. As above indicated, the Earl of St. Albans survived her for fourteen years, when the title in his family became extinct. THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. On the iSt of March, early in the morning, the king and his usual retinue left Whitehall for New- Charies ii. market, "to pass some time there," where re1684ket. he arrived in very good time that night, March. which nobody else could do, " the way being abominable, and not having coaches to change so often as His Majesty."t On the 4th the king continued in good health, was well pleased with the place, though the weather was such that he could not take the " divertissements " which were " most proper " there. The day following, the Duke of York arrived, when Lord Sunderland was glad to report that some State affairs received attention. Up to the 9th the weather continued cruel cold, "and yet they were not weary of the place." The weather still continued "'abominable," and was productive of great dissatis- faction to the " abundance of company " then sojourn- ing at Newmarket.4 No mention is made of the races in the despatches of Lord Sunderland; the elements seeming to put a damper on the sports, and the Court returned to London on the 22nd of March. The ex- penses of the royal visit amounted to I 23 i 9s. 83d.f f The following occurs in Sir John Reresby's Memoirs.- "sMarch 14. 1 went to Cambridge to see my brother Yarburgh Reresby, then fellow of St. John's, and arrived at Newmarket on the 17th. That night, Luttrell's Diary. t Lord Sunderland to Mr. Secretary Jenkins, Newmarket, March 2 State Papers, Dom., Bundle 288, i l. t Same to the same. Ibid. Luttrell. I Cofferer's Accounts, Rot., s.a. .ss [BooK XV. PASSING EVENTS. waiting on his royal highness, among other discourse he was speaking of the Duke of Buckingham's con- sumption of his great estate, and of some other of his qualities (for he did not love him), and as to his courage that nobody was better able to give an account of it than Sir John Reresby, meaning the business when he and my Lord Fauconberg should have fought at York. " The weather was very unseasonable and dirty, so that walking the town with his Majesty he observed I had but thin shoes, and advised me to get a stronger pair, to prevent getting cold, which I here mention as an example of that prince's great goodness and care of those persons that came near him, however incon- siderable. " Hearing soon after my arrival that the Duchess of Portsmouth had spoken to the king to accept my son as his page of honour, I thanked her for it, who told me she would present him herself at her return to London to his Majesty. She invited me the day after to dinner, where his Majesty, having dined before, sat by us all the while. The next day, " March 20, I dined with the Duke of Albemarle; the day after with the French Ambassador by invita- tion. The same day the duke told me that he had received a letter from the Duke of Newcastle to be kind to me, and bid me when I wrote to him to assure him that he had commanded him a thing to do that he had as much a disposition to do as his grace to direct him to it. " March 22. Being mounted on a good horse of my 1684.1 89 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. own breed, both the king and the duchess commended him, but I had the ill-fortune to lame him as he came to London. That day the Court returned to London, and I went to Bury to see my Aunt Monson, whom I found in good health. The next day I returned to Newmarket, and then to London. " The diversions the king followed at Newmarket were these :-Walking in the morning till ten o'clock; then he went to the cock-pit till dinner time; about three he went to the horse-races; at six to the cockpit for an hour; then to the play, though the comedians were very indifferent; so to supper; next to the Duchess of Portsmouth's till bed time; and then to his own appartment to bed." THE LAST VISIT OF CHARLES II. to Newmarket races took place in October, i684, when his expenses during Charlesr.w the sojourn amounted to Ioo70 i8s. 53dt smk Nothing is known of the races during this XewmarkceL Ostober. meeting, beyond the fact that many of such events took place, The Duke of York, in the following letter to his niece, Charlotte, Countess of Lichfield, describes the races, etc., at Newmarket, as follows: " Newmarket, Octo. 8, 1684. "I had yours of the 23 of last month a little before I came from London and had not then yours [in time] to let you know I had received it. There has been horse races now three days together; on Monday Griffins horse beat Barnes, yesterday Ld Godolphin's horse lost all the three heats to Mr. Wharton's gray "Memoirs," p. 3oo. t Cofferer's Accounts., Rot., s.d. [Boo Xve 90 THE RACES. gelding, and after they were over Stapley beat Roe the long course; this day Dragon was beaten by Whynot, and Stapley won another match: it was of the Duke of Albemarle. Tomorrow I am to go fox hunting and hope to have better weather than it has been since I came to the place, for it has rained every day, so that the king would not hawk neither this day nor yesterday and I never saw this place so dirty as it is now. I have given you an account of all the news it affords, only that the Duchess of Portsmouth was ill of the colick yesterday but is well of it again today, but to assure you that you shall always find me your most humble servant, J."' " Whitehall, October 4. His Majesty parted from hence this morning for Newmarket to pass some short time there."-The " London Gazette," No. 1970. Luttrell says the king returned to London on the 23rd, after a sojourn at Newmarket of nearly three weeks.t This wais his last visit to the head- quarters of the turf, and, so far as we can ascertain, with it closed his racing career. He died the MS. Viscount Dillon, Ditchley, Oxon. t The king wrote from Newmarket on the i9th, to the Duke of Ormond, announcing that he had removed him from the station he had so long filled in Ireland. The recall of the Duke was effected through the agency of Dick Talbot, subsequently Earl of Tyrconnell, who was employed to suggest to the king the necessity of a reform in the council, majesty, and army of Ireland.-See Clarendon Corres., vol. i. p. 96. I The following example of the king's good nature and kindness of heart may be mentioned in connection with his last visit to Newmarket. " On the 7th of July, Peter Redmayne, fellow of Trinity College, was ex- pelled the University by the major part of the Heads for some miscarriages in his Proevaricator's speech at the Commencement, but on the i8th of October, the king sent letters from Newmarket for restoring him, in conI- sequence of his former good behaviour."-Cooper's "Annals of Cambridge," vol. iii. p. 6oX. 1684.3 91 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. following February, apparently from the effects of poison.s On the accession of CHARLES II., the turf was practically extinct. Race horses were few; none had 4 eaten bread," ie. had been in training, for years; and these were dispersed over many parts of the kingdom, where they languished in neglect. From this obscurity they emerged at the Restoration, when the penal disabilities to which the turf was subjected by the Puritans collapsed. The revival of horse-racing was almost magical in its effects. No doubt the king and nobility and the gentry contributed their quota towards the attainment of this result, yet a more important factor was the public, with whom the national sport was sincere, ardent, unquenchable. To the municipal bodies in all parts of the kingdom must be awarded the highest praise in contributing to its ultimate success. To their fostering aid, in the face of great difficulties, a great deal is owing. Thus we find the turf, rising like a Phcenix from the ashes on the accession of Charles I I., thoroughly reinstituted as our great national pastime during the Merry Monarch's reign. We shall see its gradual rise and progress, culminating at this date in frequent, almost annual meetings, at New- market, Chester, Winchester, Blencarn, Woodstock, Burford, Cirencester, Lincoln, Wetherby, Leith, Wind- sor, Quainton, Hyde Park, Northampton, Wallacy, Durham, Wakefield, Doncaster, Kenilworth, Newport Pagnel, Lincoln, and doubtless in many other parts of Scc Armand Carrel's " History of the Counter Revolution in Eng- land," sub anl. [BOO XV. 9' CHA RLES II. the country, of which no accounts are now traceable. To this resuscitation the king extended his powerful patronage and support. His love for the equine race is typified in the soubriquel by which he was popularly known, " Old Rowley," the name of his favourite hack. It is probable that, among all our sovereigns (with the exception of Richard II.), he alone rode his own horses first past the winning-post. The expense of his racing establishment must have been heavy, yet it was entirely defrayed out of the privy purse. Take him all round he was a thorough English sports- man, who could hold his own against all comers in the chase, on the race-course, at angling,t shooting, hawking, billiards, tennis; none could excel him in his favourite morning walk from Whitehall to H amp- ton Court. His recommendation to the Prince of Orange is characteristic of the man: " Walk with me, hunt with my brother, and do justice to my niece ;" a recommendation to which that prince subsequently added the pleasures of the turf whenever an oppor- It is probable the king owed a considerable part of his abilities as a jockey to his preceptor in that art, William Cavendish, Duke of New- castle. At the age of ten years, " His Majesties capacity was such that he would ride leaping horses, and such as would overthrow others, and manage them with the greatest skill and dexterity, to the admiration of all that beheld him." The duke dedicated both editions of his Magnum opus to Charles II., whom he apostrophises as " not only the greatest Monarch in Christendomze, but a King that loves Justice and Truth," and consequently qualified " to judge of Books, which contain the perfect and only truth of Horsemzan-shi:`."-" Life of William, Duke of Newcastle, by his Duchess," Lowes's Edit., p. 1oi. t " We have been all sadly alarmed with the King's being sick, but he is now well again, and I hope will continue so, if he can be kept from fishing when a dog would not be abroad."-The Countess of Sunderland to His Eminence the Honourable Henry Sidney, Windsor Castle, May 18, i68o. (" Sidney Diary and Cor.," vol. ii. p. 57.) 1684.3 93 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. tunity occurred during his eventful reign. The facetious monarch was likewise a breeder of race-horses, having imported mares from Barbary, and others of the most fashionable Eastern strains, which were selected by the best judges, whom he sent abroad for that purpose, regardless of expense. These were designated as " Royal Mares," and appear as such in the stud-book to this day. One of these mares was the dam of Dodsworth, bred by the king, and said to be the earliest race-horse we have on record whose pedigree can be properly authenticated. The Marquis of Halifax, in his "Character of King Charles II.," says, "The thing called sauntering, is a stronger Temptation to Princes than it is to others. They being galled with Importunities, pursued from one Room to another with asking Faces; the dismal Sound of unreasonable Complaints, and the ill-grounded Pretences; the Deformity of Fraud ill-disguised; all these would make any Man run away from them; and I used to think it was the Motive for making him walk so fast. So it was more properly taking Sanc- tuary. To get into a Room, where all Business was to stay at the Door, excepting such as he was dis- posed to admit, might be very acceptable to a younger man than he was, and less given to his Ease. He slumbered after Dinner, had the noise of the company to divert him, without their Solicitations to importune I In May, 1670, the king made a present of two race-horses to the Duke of Neuburgh, for which a pass was issued for their transportation into Holland, without let, hindrance, or obstruction.-State Papers, Dom. Bundle 274, 71. 94 [BOOR IV. AS A TURFITE. him. In these Hours where he was more unguarded, no doubt the cunning Men of the Court took their times to make their Observations, and there is little doubt but he made his upon them, too. Where Men had Chinks he would see through them as soon as any Man about him. There was much more real Business done there in his Politick, than there was in his personal Capacity, Stans pede in uno; and there was the Frenck part of the Government, which was not the least." He adds, that the king's chain of memory was longer than his chain of thought, and illustrates his meaning by a parable from the national sport to which they were both devoted: " the first could bear any burden, the other was tired by being carried on too long; it was fit to ride a heat, but it had not wind enough for a long course" (ch. vi.) In conclusion, we must not omit to state that the first Grammar School at Newmarket was endowed by Charles IL. In the accounts of moneys received and paid for secret services of Charles II. and James II., the following Car iI. items, relating to Newmarket (arrears), occur about Newrmarkt. this period :- c. 168.-16 "To Ellen Oglethorpe, sempstress and laundress to his Sd late Majesty, for riding charges and other expences for herself and servants in attendance upon his said late Majestie at Windsor, New Market, and Winchester, at the rate of i 5s. Sl diem for 670 daies between the igth day of April '8o and 20th Oct. I683 o502 iOS. od. i686. To thomas Bignall, gamekeeper at New Market, on his salary of ioo p. ann. for half a year due at Xtmas i684-c5o. I687. To John Scudmore, carpenter, 45, and Henry 1684.1 95 TILE HISTORY O F NE WMARKAE:T. Harlow, joyner, 55, in full for work done by them for King Charles 2d, at his house at Newmarket-ioo." " To Dr. Machel f for his lodgings out of Court at New- market melds. October 1684, ix"."-Accounts of the Treasurer of the Household (Rot., sub dato), MS., P. R. 0. For the year 1683-4 the sum of 217 7s. old. was spent on the royal palace at Newmarket, when the materials cost Newmrket. I35 4s. 42d; carriage 4 7s. 6d.; and wages 1684. 66 i6s. 3d. Besides those disbursements, John he Pace. Gibson, joiner, received, " for making of three window-shutters of right wainscot for iije windows in ye Queens Closet containing in single measure xiiijn yardes & one sixth of a yard at xv8 P yard," io 125. 6d.4 The account of works and buildings at Newmarket Palace for I684-5, which is the last in the reign of the Merry Monarch, amounts to 280 7s. 9-d. On the 29th of November, i684, the turf lost one of its prominent and distinguished patrons, in the person of PRINCE Camden Soc., vol. lii. hassinz. f " Dr. Machel," above mentioned, was the Rev. Thomas Machell, second son of Thomas Machell, Esq., of Crackenthorpe, county Westmore- land. He matriculated at Oxford University, February 5, 1663-4; B.A., October 29, i668; M.A., March i i, i671 ; and afterwards became tabarder and fellow of Queen's College. He was inducted rector of Kirkby Thore, August i8, i677, and was subsequently elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and appointed chaplain in ordinary to Charles II., in which capacity he was in attendance upon the Court at Newmarket Palace during this meeting. He wrote an interesting account of some antiquities found on his brother's estate, near Kirkby Thore, Westmoreland, which was published in the " Philosophical Transactions," No. 158 (April 20, i684). Among those antiquities is a very curious and artistically wrought vase, upon which is depicted a hunting scene, probably commemorative of some incident of the chase in Westmoreland during the Anglo-Roman era. Anthony Wood says the Rev. Thomas Machell flourished A.D. 1695, and the family pedigree places his death in 1698. A brief account of the Machell family will be found in Nicholson and Burn's " History of Cum- berland" (vol. ii. London, 1777), sub tit. Crackenthorpe, Westmoreland, where they have been seated since the Conquest. Captain J. 0. Machell, J.P., of Newmarket and Crackenthorpe, now represents the family. 4 L. T. R., Works and Buildings, No. 103, MSS., P. R. 0. ibid., No. 1o5, M. 2. Ibid. 96 [BOOR IV. PRINCE RUPERT. RUPERT, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Cumberland, Earl of Holderness, and a Knight of the Garter. He was the third son of Frederick, King of Bohemia, by Elizabeth, daughter of James I., and consequently nephew to Charles I. and first cousin to Charles II. Born at Prague, Dccember 19, i619, Prince Rupert was a soldier of fortune, and loved war for its own sake. His childhood was passed in England, which he ever regarded as the country of his choice. Delighted with its society and its rural amusements and sports, he once, in a moment of enthusiasm, exclaimed to a friend in the hunting-field, " Ah! I wish I could break my neck, for then I should at least leave my bones in England." The unfortunate military exertions of Prince Rupert, in the service of Charles I., are well known, and need no recapitu- lation here. At the Restoration he returned to England, and was shortly after made a Privy Councillor, Vice-Admiral of England, Constable of Windsor Castle, and granted a pension of 4000 a year. In the great sea-fight with the Dutch, in 1665, he was second in command under the Duke of York; and in the doubtful naval engagements with the Dutch in x673, he was Admiral of the English fleet. Later in life he became a mechanist and a philosopher; he is well known as the inventor of mezzotinio; he invented glass drops, and a metal known by his name, which was used for casting guns; his method of boring them was much esteemed. The angler of the seventeenth century was indebted to his contrivance for the best-tempered fish-hooks which were then made in England. Prince Rupert was famous for his play at tennis, and was also an excellent marksman with fire-arms. A particular instance of his skill is mentioned in Dr. Plott's " History of Staffordshire," where he is said to have sent two balls suc- cessively, with a horse-pistol, through the weather-cock of St. Mary's steeple at Stafford, a distance of sixty yards. He was proficient in all the fashionable pastimes of this period, a regular habitua at Newmarket, and at a somewhat advanced age was notorious as the protector of Mrs. Hughes, a hand- some actress who was on the stage as early as i663, about VOL. III. HI 16,85.] 97 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. which time female characters had ceased to be performed by men, consequently she must have been one of the earliest actresses who figured in public. In the dramatic works of Thomas Shadwell, P.L., we find occasional references to the turf and horse- Charles a racing at Newmarket in the reign of Newm'ket' Charles II. A prominent character in his Dramstst on the Turf. play "A True Widow" (acted in London, 1673) is Prig, described as "A coxcomb, that never talks or thinks of anything but dogs, horses, hunting, hawking, bowls, tennis, and gambling; a rook, a most noisie jockey." Prig is frequently at Newmarket, and boasts of making 5oo a year at horse-races and cock-matches there, where he obtains good intelligences as to probable winners " by being in fee with the grooms and cock-keepers." He was a book-maker of the period, lays odds on every heat: "six to four the gelding against the mare; gold to silver the bay stone-horse against the flea-bitten; and an even 50, or what you will," according to circum- stances, up to "cock-pit lay," i.e. /io to a crown. Prig hunts with the foxhounds at Newmarket, and is au fait in the pedigree of thoroughbred horses: " Woodcock was his grandfather; he is the son of Bay- lusty, the cousin German of Crackafart; cousin once removed to Nutmeg; third cousin to my Lord Squan- der's colt; allyed to Flea-bitten by Second-Venture; in short, he is of an excellent family, and I am going to make a civil visit to him; he's to run for the Plate at Brackley, Stamford, and Newmarket, and goes out Born 1642, died 1692. 98 [BOO XV. c. 1673-78.] THE TURF ON THE STAGE. of town to-morrow," by which it appears the crack was then in London. Play also was very heavy in town and at Newmarket. One night's gambling at my Lord Squander's: "my Lord lost /iooo; Jack Sharper won 3o0; my Lord Whimsey /500; Sir Thomas Rantipol lost /600; Sir Nicholas Whackum won 200; and the Rooks were very busie." Life at Newmarket he describes as follows:-" There a man's never idle. We make visits to horses, and talk with grooms, riders, and cock-keepers, and saunter in the Heath all the forenoon; then we dine, and never talk a word but of dogs, cocks, and horses; then we saunter into the Heath again; then to a cock-match; then to a play in a barn; then to supper; and never speak a word but of dogs, cocks, and horses again; then to the Groom Porters, where you may play all night. Oh, 'tis a heavenly life! We are never idle." In "The Man of Newmarket" (licensed April 13, 1678), a comedy by the Hon. Edward Howard, the scene is laid in London, and the dramais persona include Swiftspur, " a gentleman-racer," Trainsted, " another gentleman of Newmarket," Bowser, "their friend and a lover of sport," and five jockeys " in several habits." The first act discovers the last-men- tioned personages on their return from the races at Salisbury, Winchester, and some other meetings, " in that Metropolitan wilderness of houses called London," where they appear to be out of their element and elated at the prospect of soon starting " to sweet, sweet Newmarket." They speak freely of their patron Trainsted, than whom, next to the king, no one under- 99 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XV. stands racing "so delightfully well." He and Swift- spur next appear upon the scene, the former, who has just come from his goldsmith (Anglice banker), with a purse of gold in his hand, and is, therefore, well fur- nished to start for Newmarket. In the dialogue that ensues Swiftspur tells Trainsted that he is resolved to beat his stable through: "Thou shall not own mare or horse that have not been o'er run by mine." Train- sted accepts the challenge and expresses his willing- ness to wager his purse of gold on Bonyface and Thurster. They, too, are anxious to leave town for Newmarket without delay: "the king's hawks and hounds are already gone; the matches made," and in Swiftspur's conceit, the horses were even then ready to start. It seems the stand at Newmarket during the races in those days presented an animated appearance. In referring to the scene, Trainsted says to Jocelin (one of the ladies of the comedy), " Such a sight in the stand at Newmarket as we lead over were taking indeed." He urges the lady to visit Newmarket: " Where's a flat would invite your beams to play on like sunshine, where you may see our gracious king exceed (if possible) his most gracious and constant serenity. Nothing is to be found there but much mirth, pleasant things, and their business, which some call happiness." In Act iii. one of the jockeys says to his fellow, "This racing is a most noble sort of recreation, since it undoes gentlemen to raise grooms, blessings on their hearts for it." In referring to the courses at Newmarket, he mentions the four-mile heat, choke-jade, the ditch, and the flat. The popular inns Too CHEVALIER DE GRAMMONT. with race-goers at this time appear to have been the Green Man at Wanstead, the Cock at Epping, the Rein Deer at Bishops Stortford, and the Star at Newmarket. "The Chevalier de Grammont, long before initiated in the English games and diversions, had been engaged in a horse-race, in which he was indeed unsuc- Charles I. cessful, but he had the satisfaction of being Newmarket. convinced by experience, that an English horse ami11ng can go twenty miles along the high road in less than an hour. He was more fortunate at cockfighting; and in the bets he made at the bowling green, the party he betted upon never failed to win. Near all these places of diversion there is usually a sort of inn, or house of enter- tainment, with a bower or arbour, in which are sold all sorts of English liquors, such as cider, mead, bottled beer, and Spanish wines. Here the rooks meet every evening to drink, smoke, and to try their skill upon each other, or in other words, to endeavour to trick one another out of the winnings of the day. These rooks are, properly speaking, what are called capons or piqueurs' in France, men who always carry money about them, to enable them to lend to losing gamesters, for which they receive a gratification, which is nothing for such as play deep, being only two per cent. and the money to be repaid the next day. These gentlemen are so nice in their calculations, and so particularly skilful in all manner of games, that no person would dare to enter the lists with them, were it even certain that no unfair arts would be practised. Besides, they make a vow to win four or five guineas a day, and to be satisfied with that gain; a vow which they seldom or never break. It was in the midst of a company of these rooks that Hamilton found the Chevalier de Grammont, when he called in one evening to drink a glass of cider. They were playing at hazard; and as he who holds the dice is supposed to have the advantage, the rooks allowed the Chevalier de Grammont that honour, out of compliment; he 1G85.] 101 THE HISTORY OF NE WMARKE T. had the dice in his hand when Hamilton came into the room. The rooks, secure of their odds, were betting against him at a high rate, and he took all. Hamilton could hardly believe his eyes, to see a man of his experience and knowledge engaged in so unequal a contest; but it was to no purpose that he informed him of his danger, both aloud in French, and in private by signs; he still disregarded his warnings, and the dice that bore Caxsar and his fortunes performed a miracle in his favour. The rooks were defeated for the first time, but not without bestowing upon him all the encomiums and praises of being a very fair and honourable player, which they never fail to lavish upon those whom they wish to engage a second time; but all their commendations were lost and their hopes deceived; the Chevalier was satisfied with the first experiment. Hamilton, when the king was at supper, related to him how he found the Chevalier de Grammont rashly engaged with the rooks, and in what manner he had been providentially preserved. ' Indeed, sire,' said the Chevalier de Grammont, 'the rooks were discomfited for once;' and thereupon told the king the adventure in his usual way, attracting the attention of all the company to a cir- cumstance trifling in itself, and rendered interesting by his manner of relating it." ' "Memoirs," by Hamilton. 102 [Boos XV. BOOK XVI. TIlE ANNALS OF THE TURF IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II. - I 66o- i 68o. Introduction-The Restoration-Return of the royal family-The King enjoys his own again-Joy of the Cavaliers-Public rejoicing- Delight of the turfites-Allusions to horse-racing in royalist ballads -Interdicts affecting the turf abrogated-Revival of national sports and pastimes-Scarcity of game-Deer almost extinct-Large herds imported - The State cock-pit and bear-garden re-instituted- Popularity of the latter with the Corps Diplomatique-The theatres re-opened-The master of the revels-Tennis-courts, bowling-greens, billiard-rooms, and gaming-houses, licensed by the Groom-porter- His functions and assistants. The annals: i66o. Banstead Downs (Epsom)-The king present at the races-i66i. Revival of racing in Scotland-Leith-Cupar-The cups and other prizes-Some notable Scottish turfites-Pedestrianism in the Land o' Cakes-1662. Durham-i663. Banstead Downs-i664. Winchester-i665. Pro- posed institution of racing in Ireland-Chariot races near Dublin- Sir William Temple's scheme to establish horse-races in Ireland- Chester-The trades' contributions to the Cup-The calves'-head feast-The High Sheriff wins the plate-He disqualifies horses not conforming to the articles-Great dissatisfaction thereon-The meet- ing temporarily abandoned-Record of horses sold at Chester- Sir Thomas Delves-Sir Thomas Middleton-Edwardl Mlassey-Sir Phi/ip Egerton-[667. Newcastle-Themeetingbadly attended-The Northumberland Plate withheld-Poor sport-The Duke of Buck- ingham's finesse i669. Brackley-Popularity of the meeting- Richmond (Yorkshire)-The 5o and 20 plates-i67o. Racing in Cumberland-The "famous" Blencarn course-Notable patrons of the turf in the North of England-Sir Philip Mi usgrave's cele- brated stud-The 20 plate-Match for 200o between the Duke of 4 THE HISTORY OF NEWAfARKET. [BooK XVI. Buckingham's Conqueror and the Earl of Mffurray's Fox-The great hurricane-7oeeline, eleventh Earl of Northumberland-Phili5, Lord Wharton-Richmond-1672. Liverpool-Northampton-The courses at Rothwell and Harleston-Description of the races- The noble jockeys-Lords Cullen,BrundeZl, Sherard, Westmoreland, Lovel, etc.-Biographical notices of these noblemen-And other gentlemen jockeys-Bettiftg-Pedestrianism-Artleborough-I67 3. Burford-Banstead Downs-Northampton-The Spring and Autumn Meetings-Sir William Noel-Harleston-1675. Tathwell-The plate, weights and entrances-Ripon-1676. Burford-Woodstock- Race for the gold cup-Won by Lord Exeter's horse-Much com- pany-Bletchingdon-Ripon-Riblingcoats-Close race for the plate -Large attendance Betting-Lord Beaumont-7ohn Legard- _7ohn Osbaldeston-Winchester-The four-mile heats-Two 14-stone plates-Entrance fees-Forfeits-The articles-The Marquis of Winchester's plate-1677. Woodstock-The gold cup-Ciren- cester-The 40 plate-" '1The old course "-1678. Blandford-The plates-The articles-Selling races-Brackley-Cirencester-Wake- field-The plates, weights and distances-Datchet-Lichfield- Woodstock-Lord Lovelace-1679. Campfield (Oxford)-The gold plate-Woodstock-The gold cup won by Lord Rochester-The meeting temporarily discontinued-The fixture altered-Portmead substituted-Providing the plate-Quarrel between Lord Lovelace and the borough authorities-The sinews of sport wanting-Politics and racing at this meeting-Lord Norris- The Earl of Carnarvon- Chester-Wakefield- Williamz, ninth Earl of Derby-Richard Leghi of Lyme-i68o. Famdon. EVERY student of history knows how and in what manner the Restoration was effected; and many are Charles II. familiar with the joyous scenes that attended offthe the arrival of the royal exiles on the return 1660-1680. to their native land. It resembled the trans- formation scene of an old-fashioned pantomime; the dark and dismal interlude; the arrival of the good fairy, and hey, presto! the clouds are dispersed on the winter of our discontent, to find ourselves plunged medias res in the gay and jovial paradise to which the cavaliers looked forward, " when the king shall enjoy his own again." The conduits ran wine, the bells rang 104 1600-1680.] THE ANNALS OF THE TURF. a merry peal, bonfires blazed, the people went mad in the exuberance of their loyalty, shouting- "Hey for cavaliers-ho for cavaliers, Pray for cavaliers. Dub-a-dub, dub-a-dub, Have at old Beelzebub, Oliver shakes in his bier! " Among no section of the people was the change more welcome than to the turfites. The taste for field- sports and horse-racing returned with redoubled zest, which was testified in many a drinking song. "A hound and hawk no longer Shall be tokens of disaffection; A cock-fight shall cease To be a breach of the peace, And a horse-race an insurrection." Restoration was the order of the day at the royal stables, kennels, mews, and paddocks. The good fairy previously referred to, must have lent all her magical influence to replenish the accessories of the chase; and, under the circumstances, it seems incre- dible that such results should be attained in so short a time. Where the hawks and hounds came from seems an insolvable mystery; the hunters and racers must have been (to use Drayton's metaphor) spon- taneously engendered by the wind. At any rate, the royal hunting establishment was soon resuscitated, and in working order, as were those of the nobility and gentry throughout the length and breadth of the land. These results prove, if proof were needed, that the national predilection for field-sports during the inter- regnum, though dormant, and interdicted by heavy pains and penalties, was unquenchable among the log THE HISTORY OF NEWMVARKET. [Boor XVI. sporting fraternity, whose name was legion. During the dark interval, however, the game of all sorts was almost destroyed; the deer, in particular, had become almost extinct, and strenuous efforts had to be made to restore the herds by importation. In London, the State cock-pit, near Gray's Inn, and the bear garden, near Whitehall, were soon restored and put into working order. The latter arena, which had fared badly under the Puritans, was always popular with the masses. It was also a point of great attraction to foreigners, and, as in the days of yore, with the corps digplomatique. James Davyes, "master of his Majesty's game of beares, bulls, and dogs," by four warrants, dated December 5, i 66o, and June 8, i66 i, for preparing bears, bulls, and dogs was allowed, as formerly, a yearly salary of 20. He also received gratuities for " making ready " his establishment when- ever a special seance took place there.t The Master of Revels, Sir Henry Herbert, was busy with the dramatists and the players, while Sir Christopher Wren and other architects were occupied in superin- tending the building of the king's private theatre at Whitehall, and in devising means for renovating the royal palace at Newmarket. The tennis-courts were repaired, and a marker appointed; the bowling-greens For particulars see L. T. R., Works and Buildings, No. 428, MS., P. R. 0. They were temporarily turned down in Epping Forest. Some fallow deer were taken from Cheveley to restock St. James's Park. t " For making ready the rooms at the Bear Garden for the Duke of Florence, his ambassador, and other persons of quality to see the bears baited, and other sports, April i, i66i, and the like for the Ambassador of Sweden, Oct. 24, i66i, io."-Accounts of the Treasurer of the Chamber, bundle 6 .m. io. io6 EPS01M-SCO TLAND. and the billiard-rooms received like attention at the hands of the Groom-porter, by whom they were (like the gaming-houses) licensed. This remunerative office was held by Sir Richard Herbert, who had four officers attached to his department, at salaries of 5o a year. John Reeve received 22 ios. for several billiard-sticks, balls of ivory, and other things of that nature, by him provided for the king's use. In short, every description of sports and pastimes, so long un- known in the country, were once more in full swing. This digression brings us to the revival of horse- racing, and the first meeting on record in England after the Restoration, which came off on the 7th of March, i66i, on BANSTEAD DOWNS, at which the king was present.t Thus we find the vicinity of Epsom was the first locality identified with the revival of the national sport in the reign of Charles II. On these downs one of the last races mentioned in the reign of Charles I. also took place. " Horse-races were now (March, i66i) performed every Saturday on the sands of Leith. They are regularly chronicled amongst the foolish Charle. II. lucubrations of Mercurius Caledonius; as, 1661 for example, thus: 'Our accustomed recre- Leith. ations on the sands of Leith were much Cupar. hindered because of a furious storm of wind, accom - The Master of the Toils received large sums for his expenses for chartering ships to convey foreign deer to England. The royal ratcatcher and mole-taker, for exterminating rats and moles in and about the palaces, also received " rewards " in excess of their regular salaries. t Colonel Robert Whitby to Robert Davis, High Sheriff in Flintshire: . . The King has gone to a horse-race on Banstead Down . . -M.S., Whitehall Dod, Esq., at Llanerch, St. Asaph. 1 G61.] 107 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVI. panied with a thick snow; yet we have had some noble gamesters that were so constant at their sport as would not forbear a designed horse-match. It was a providence the wind was from the sea; otherwise they had run a hazard either of drowning or splitting upon Inchkeith ! This tempest was nothing inferior to that which was lately in Caithness, where a bark of fifty ton was blown five furlongs into the land, and would have gone further, if it had not been arrested by the steep- ness of a large promontory. In the ensuing month there were races at Cupar, in Fife, where the lairds of Philiphaugh and Stobbs, and Powrie-Fortheringham appear to have been the principal gentlemen who brought horses to the ground. A large silver cup, of the value of 8, formed the chief prize. These Cupar races were repeated annually. It is said they had been first instituted in i621. As a variety upon horse-racing, Mercurius Cale- donius announced a foot-race, to be run by twelve brewers' wives, all of them in condition which makes violent exertion unsuitable to the female frame, " from the Thicket Burn (probably Figgat Burn) to the top of Arthur's Seat, for a groaning cheese of one hundred pound weight, and a budgell of Dunkeld aquavitac and rumpkin of Brunswick Mum for the second, set down by the Dutch Midwife. The next day, sixteen fish- wives to trot from Mussleburgh to the Common-cross for 1 2 pair of lamb's harrigals."-" Domestic Annals of Scotland," by Robert Chambers, F.R.S., etc., vol. ii. p. 273. "iiszickZand, Mfarch 3, i662. This day wee have 108 DURIJAM-EPSO.19 horse races heare on Hunwicke Moore. Mr. Davison has a little nagg runns with the like of Captaine Darcy's. Mr. Bricknell rides Mr. im2. Davison's nagg. There will be much com- Hunwicke pany there. Our Lady's gone in my Lord's Durhm. coache from hence. . . ."--Mr. Arden to Xweh. Mr. Stapy/ton, Surtees' " History of Durham," vol. i. app. clxiv. " Having intended this day to go to Banstead Downes to see a famous race, I sent Will. to get him- self ready to go with me; but I hear it is 1663. put off, because the Lords do sit in Parlia- ment to-day."-Pepys' Diary, s.d. (MPom). " This day there was great thronging to Banstead Downes, upon a great horse-race Kay 27. and footrace. I am sorry I could not go thither."-Ibid., s.d. " The towne talk this day is of nothing but the great foot-race run this day on Banstead Downes, between Lee, the Duke of Richmond's footman, and a tyler, a famous runner. And Lee hath 2 beat him; though the King and Duke of York and all men almost did bet three or four to one upon the tyler's head."-Ibid., s.d. About this period the footmen of the nobility and gentry appear to have possessed special qualities as pedestrians. Thus we read in the " Account of the Progress of his Grace Henry, the first Duke of Beaufort, through Wales," that when he was entertained at Margham, the seat of the Manseils in Glamorganshire, on Saturday, August i6, i684, "his Grace was entertained with the pastime of seeing a brace of bucks run down by three footmen, which were afterwards led into 1662-1663.] log THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVI. Margham Anti-court alive, and there judged fit for the Table before ye Huntsman gave the fatall stroke with his semiter" (page i 83). The very bad roads, and consequent comparative slowness in performing a journey, allowed the use of running footmen; a class of retainers, however admired by the great, doomed to extinction when the state of the roads was improved. Some of the performances of these men were very great, and, as we shall have to record from time to time, they frequently displayed their prowess on many of our popular race-courses in those days. When engaged on a journey with their masters, they carried a tall cane or pole with a silver ball at the top, in which was white wine and eggs. The Duke of Marlborough drove his phaeton and four to Windsor, only just beating one of those men, who died soon after. These runners wore no trousers, but only a short silk petti- coat, with a broad fringe, reminding one of the Hemerodromi, or day-runners of the Greeks, one of whom was sent to Sparta from Athens to announce the landing of the Persians. In some parts these running footmen supported their master's coach when likely to overturn. In most cases without them a journey on wheels could not have been undertaken. "This is to give Notice, that the Town of Win- chester has provided a Piece of Plate against the Charles II. Wednesday in Easter Week next to be run 1684. for, at the Winchester Course (according to Winchester. ApriL the Antient Custome), Which they intend to Observe for the Future; although in the Late troublesome Times discontinued."-" The I ntelligencer, Published For satisfaction and Information of the People." Witli Privilege. March I 4, I 663[-4], No. 21, p. I 73. Although the Turf was not introduced into the most turf-producing country in the world until the seventeenth century was on its last legs, Hibernian 110 IRELAND. chariot-races appear to have broken out in Dublin in the merry month of May, I 665. A few years later, Sir William Temple advocated the institution and endow- ment of horse-racing in Ireland, by the State. This project fell through; nor did the legitimate article get a footing on the Curragh until May, i 686. The details of Temple's scheme, in consequence of its seriousness, are very amusing. " Dublin, May 6, 1665. We have had here upon the Strand several Races; but the most remarkable was by the Ringsend Coaches (which is an odde kind of Carle II. Carre, and generally used in this countrey). 1665. There were a matter of 25 of them, and his DubibL Excellency, the Lord Deputy bestowed a piece of Xay. Plate upon him that won the Race, and the second, third, and fourth were rewarded with mnoney. It is a new institution, and likely to become an annual custom; for the humour of it gave much satisfaction, there being at least 5000 Spec- tators." -"The Intelligencer," May I5, 1665, No. 37. On July 22, 1673, Sir William Templef being then on a visit to his friends in Ireland, addressed 1673. a letter to the Earl of Essex, " The Lord Lieu- The strand referred to is probably Sandymount, then a fashionable watering suburb near Dublin: the Epsom of Ireland, but differing in the nature of the water; the former sea, the latter mineral. A coach and four ran between London and Epsom at this date, one of the oldest established for suburban traffic. The terms, etc., for the journey are set forth in the following advertisement:- "Whosoever desires to go to Epsom by Coach, may be furnished at Tho. Fisher's, at the Red Lyon in Lambeth, every day this week, God permitting, with a good Coach and four able Horses by eight in the morning, and from Efisom by 3 in the afternoon by Tho. Ryden, whose standing in Epsom is at Mr. Billet's a Barber."-" The Intelligencer," June I, i665, No. 40. t This celebrated statesman and writer was born in London in 1628 died at Moor Park towards the end of 1700, where his heart was buried beneath a sundial in the garden, and the rest of his remains in West- minster Abbey. 166a- 16T3.1 I I r THE HISTORY OF NEWfMARKET. [BOOK XVI. tenant of that Kingdom," on the Advancement of Trade in Ireland, advocating, among other remedial measures, the introduction of horse-racing with a view of improving the breed of horses in that country:- " Horses in Ireland are a Drug, but might be improved to a Commodity, not only of greater Use at home, but also fit for Exportation into other countries. The Soil is of a sweet and plentiful Grass which will raise a large Breed, and the Hills, especially near the sea coasts, are hard and rough and so fit to give them Shape and Breadth, and sound feet. The present Defects in them, are breeding without choice of Stallions either in shape or size, and trusting so far to the Gentleness of the Climate, as to winter them abroad, without ever handling Coults till they are four years old: This both checks the growth of the common Breeds, and gives them an incurable shyness which is the general Vice of Irish horses, and is hardly ever seen in Flanders, because the Hardness of the Winters in those Parts forces the Breeders there to house and handle their colts for at least six months every year. In the studs of persons of quality in Ireland, where Care is taken, and Cost is not spared, we see Horses bred of excellent Shape, and Vigour, and Size, so as to reach Prices at home, and encourage strangers to find the Market here; among whom I meet with one this summer that came over from Errand, and brought about twenty Horses to carry over into the French army, from twenty to three-score Pounds Price at the first hand. "The improvement of Horses here may be made by a Standard prescribed to all stallions, and all horses that shall be used for Draught; the main Point being to make the common breed large, for then whether they have Shape or not they have ever some reasonable Price both at home and abroad. And besides, being not to be raised without win- tering, they will help to force Men into Improvement of Land by a Necessity of Fodder. But for Incouragement of finer Breed, and in better Hands, some other Institutions may be invented, by which Emulation may be raised among the Breeders by a prospect both of particular Honour and Profit 1 12 IRISH HORSES. to those who succeed best, and of good ordinary Gains and ready Vents to such as by aiming at the best, tho' they fail, yet go beyond the common sorts. To this Purpose there may be set up both a Horse-Fair, and Races to be held at a certain Time every year for the Space of a Week; the first and fairest Green near the City of Dub/in, the latter in that Place designed by your Lordship in the [Phoenix] Park for some such Purpose. During this Week, the Monday, Wednes- day, and Friday may be the Races; the Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday the Fairs may be held. At each Race may be Two Plates given by the King, one of Thirty Pounds and the other of Twenty (besides the Fashion) as the Prizes for the first and second horses; the first engraven with a Horse Crowned with a Crown; the second with a Coronet, and under it the day of the month, and the year. Besides these Plates, the Wagers may be as the Persons please among themselves, but the Horses must be evidenced by good Testimonies to have been bred in Ireland. For Honour, the Lord-Lieutenant may even be present himself, or at least name a Deputy in his room, and two Judges of the Field, who shall decide all Controversies, and with sound of the Trumpet declare the two Victors. The Masters of these two Horses may be admitted to ride from the Field to the Castle with the Lord- Lieutenant, or his Deputy, and to dine with him that Day and there receive all the Honour of the Table. This to be done, what Quality soever the Persons are of, for the lower that is, the more will be the Honour, and perhaps the more the Sport; and the Encouragement of breeding will by that means extend to all sorts of Men. "For the Fairs, the Lord-Lieutenant may likewise be present every Day in the Height of them, by himself or Deputy, and may with the advice of the two chief Officers of the army then present, choose out one of the best Horses, and two of the best Geldings that appear at the Fair, not under four, nor above seven years old; for which shall be paid to the Owners of them, after sufficient Testimony of their being bred in Ireland, one hundred Pounds for the Horse, and fifty Pounds a Piece for the Geldings. These Sums, as that for VOL. III. I 1673.] 11I3 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVI. the Plates, to issue out of the Revenue of Ireland, and without Trouble or Fee; and the three Horses to be sent over every year to the King's Stables. Both those that won the Plate, and those which are thus sold, ought immediately to be marked, so that they may never return a second Time, either to the Race, or to the Sale. " The Benefit by such an Institution as this, will be very great and various: For besides the Encouragement to breed the best Horses, from the Honour and gain already mentioned, there will be a sort of publick Entertainment for one whole Week, during which the Lord-Lieutenant, the Lord Mayor of the City, and the great officers both civil and military, ought to keep open Tables for all strangers. This will draw a Confluence of People from all parts of the Country. Many perhaps from the nearer parts of England may come, not only as to a publick kind of solemnity, but as to a great Mart of the best Horses. This will inrich the City by the Expence of such a Concourse, and the country by the sale of many Horses into England, and in time (or from thence) into foreign Parts. This will make generall Acquaintances among the gentry of the Kingdom, and bring the Lord-Lieutenant to be more per- sonally known, and more honoured by his appearing in more Greatness, and with more Solemnity than usual upon these Occasions. And all this with the Expence of only two hun- dred and fifty Pounds a year to the Crown, for which the King shall have three the best Horses sold that year in Ireland."' " . . . Temple's care extended not only to horses highly; he urged the revival of 'the statutes against that barbarous custom of plowing by the tail,' not, as modern legislators have suggested, for the cruelty which it inflicted upon the animals, but in order to induce farmers to employ oxen, for the sake of saving the expensive harness which the disuse of the tail would render necessary for their horses. Nor was it only to the country gentlemen, and owners of high-bred horses, that Temple's project would bring additional honour. 'I see no hurt,' he says,' if the King should give leave to the merchants "The Works of Sir William Temple, Bart.," by Dean Swift, London, 173 1, v1 vl ii. P. I I 114 CHESTER. ItI in eight or ten of the chief trading ports of Ireland to name for each town one of their number, out of which the Lord- Lieutenant should choose two, to be of the privy council of Ireland, with a certain salary from the King to defray their attendance.' These notices may suffice for a notion of the views of Sir William Temple as a political economist for Ireland. He met, however, in that fertile country, with some projectors bolder than himself, whose 'airy propositions' he took pains to expose. One of these was a suggestion for remedying the scarcity of money, 'by rasing some or all of the coins.' Compared with this scheme for tampering with the currency, Temple's suggestions are unquestionably harmless."' Although the chronology is somewhat indefinite, the subjoined details relating to the races at Chester apparently apply to this period. " What the Companys gaue to ward St Georges Race for the Contynuance of a bell or Cupp: The The The The The The The The The Beerbruers ... iij1i 95 Inholders ... 91" xj8 Drapers ... ij1 xs Bakers ...i Showmakers ij " Lynen draps xxt Taylors ... xx Barbours ... xx Paynters ... xxt and Mr. Holmetheir Aldrm.of his owne gift ... ... vs The Feltmakers &Kynners... ij" x! The Mercers & Ironmongers iij'i xt The Smythes xxt The Glouers ... ij" The Shermen xxt The Joyners ... Xs The Turners ... xxt The Coupers xiii. iiiuj (Total) 36" 8" 4d every horse that run putt in xxe but at last it wore all " Memoirs of the Life, Works, and Correspondence of Sir William Temple,Bart.,"by the Right Hon. Thomas Peregrine Courtenay, voL i. p. 405. 1673.1 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooR XVI. out as appereth by the seuerall maiors for the same & what the bell cost now all gone The citty when any bale is out of the thresury maketh it vp saue the horses money."-Harl. MS. 2150, fol. 354 (I85). The Sheriffs of Chester 2- in the fifth year of Charles II. "would have no calves' head feast, but Charles H put the charge of it into a piece of plate, im. to be run for on that day, Shrove-Tuesday; CheWr. and the high-sheriff296 borrowed a Barbary horse of Sir Thomas Middleton,2-7 which won him the plate; and being master of the race, he would not suffer the horses of master Massey, of Puddington,m and of Sir Philip Egerton,m of Oulton, to run, because they came the day after the time prefixed for the horses to be brought, and kept in the city; which thing caused all the gentry to relinquish our races ever since." 225 GAWEN HUDSON and RICHARD ANNION were High Sheriffs for the city of Chester, and 2 SIR THOMAS DELVES, of Dodington, Bart., was High Sheriff for the county in the year 1665, n.s. 227 SIR THOMAS MYDDLETON, of Chirk Castle, Denbigh- shire, was eldest son of Sir Thomas Myddleton, Knight, Lord Mayor of London, by whom this estate was purchased in 1595. In I612, Sir Thomas Myddleton, according to an old manuscript at Chirk Castle, settled this property on his eldest son upon his marriage, who was chosen to represent the county in Parliament This Sir Thomas Myddleton took the side of the Parliament against Charles I.; his castle was therefore seized by the king, and Sir John Watts placed there with a garrison. In i644, Chirk Castle was besieged by its lawful owner, but was not taken. In i645, Charles I. passed two nights at the castle on his way to and return from Chester. Strutt, " Sports and Pastimes," quoting Randel Holme. ii6 SIR THOMAS MYDDLE TON. In the following year Sir John Watts delivered up the castle to Sir Thomas Myddleton's daughter for her father's use. After this Sir Thomas, changing his affections to the royal side, became a warm partisan of Charles II., and was once more besieged in his castle, but this time by the Cromwellian forces under General Lambert. After a day or two of resist- ance he capitulated, observing that it was to no purpose for one man to oppose the whole kingdom when all other persons appeared to have been subdued. It was agreed that he " shd. on the 24t' of Aug. (i659), by ten o'clock in the morning, deliver up the castle of Chirck, all arms, ammunition, &c. into the hands of the Lord Lambert, or whom his lordship shall appoint to receive the same for the use of Parliament" It was now resolved to demolish the castle; but the speedy restoration of Charles II. prevented further ill consequences. The sacrifices of Sir Thomas Myddleton during four years were estimated at 40,00, and the injury done to his castle and property at another 3oooo. After a stormy life he ended his days in peace in his restored castle, in the year i666, in the eightieth year of his age. His son was created a baronet by Charles II. for his services to the Stuart cause. In the gallery of Chirk Castle is still preserved an inlaid cabinet of ebony and tortoise-shell, with silver chasings and paintings on copper from Rubens, the gift of the same monarch. The castle is in an excellent state of preservation. The interior is richly furnished, and decorated with many valuable works of art, and the grounds are kept in the most perfect order. The restorations and repairs effected by Colonel Myddleton-Biddulph have been done with a careful view to the preservation of the architectural and antique character of the castle, which is likely to be handed down to future ages as one of the most interesting specimens existing of the baronial halls of the principality. 228 Probably EDWARD MASSEY, of Podington, Esq., second son of Sir William Massey, of Podington, Knight, born December 1 2, 161 2, buried January 1, i674. He was grand- father of William Massey, Esq., in whom the male line of 1665.J 117 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XV1. this ancient family terminated in 1715-6. This last repre- sentative of the Masseys of Podington was a zealous Catholic, and warmly attached to the cause of the Pretender to the English crown, then led by the Duke of Beaufort; and is tra- ditionally said to have fled home after the battle of Preston, and to have effected his escape to Wirrel by a desperate attempt at swimming his horse over the Mersey below Hooton. He was seized at Podington Hall, and imprisoned in the castle of Chester, and died shortly afterwards. 2W SIR PHILIP EGERTON, of Egerton and Oulton, Knight, second son of Sir Rowland Egerton, succeeded his father, October 3, i646. He married Catherine, daughter and sole heiress of Piers Conway, of Hendre, county Flint. He died at Oulton, August 15, I698. He was ancestor of the Earls of Wilton. Among the archives of the corporation of Chester is a register of all the principal horses sold in that city, from May 23, 1655, to January, 1723, with names of the sellers and buyers. The record was kept for the security of persons who, being resident in parts distant from Chester, or buying horses of strangers, wished to have evidence of record that they had obtained possession of the animals honestly and for adequate consideration. Richard Forster, writing to Lord Arlington's sec- retary from Newcastle, June 4, I667, adverts to the races held there at this date. This meet- 1687. Newasmle. ing seems to be a paltry one and badly iJAVA attended by the gentry of the neighbour- ing counties. The Duke of Buckingham ran two horses for " the town's plate." In another letter, dated June 7, the same writer says, " Our horse course is now ended. On Tuesday there was noe plate brough in for Northumberland and soe there was none rune; but yesterday the town's plate was presented and 2 horses The Chester coach office was at the George Inn, Without Aldgate, London.-State Papers, Dom., Chas. II. (1678), Bundle 21';, No. '9. jig 1669.] NEWCASTLE-BRACKLE Y-RICHMOND. generally represented to be the Duke's did rune for it, but they were put in buy 2 gentlemen friends of the Duke's, who owned them to be theirs, and soe they got the plate for there was noe other to run with them." Anthony Wood remarks that when Sir Edward Bisshe, Clarencieux king of arms, came on a visitation to Oxford in March, i668-9, Charf IL 1669. "few gentlemen appeared, because at that Bradcley. time there was a horse race at Brackley." t " We are desired to give notice, That a Fair h as been granted to the Corporation of Richmond in the county of York to be held upon te I3th of September [i 669] for Beasts and sheep; Yorkhre. the next day for other Commodities, and the September. 15th and 6th following for horses; as a/so that on the I7th of the same iMoneth, a Horse-racefor a P/ate of 50 is to be run within the liberties of the said Town of Richmond, and the next day another by lower prized Horses for a P/ate of 20."-" The London Gazette," August X, i669, No. 388.+ Sandford, in his manuscript account of .1670 Cumberland, written about i 670, gives mlemm the following quaint account of racing at Cumberland Blencarn about this time:- " The most famous horse course ther for a free plate on midsomer day yearly: And the first founder State Papers, Dom., Chas. II., vol. cciii., No. 56, 120. t " Lives and Antiquaries," vol. ii., p. 217. 1 Repeated substantially in the " Gazette," September a, i670. In the Library of the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle. rig THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVI. thereof, Sq. Richard Sandford (yonger brother of Thomas Sandford of Askame in Westmorland) was bred vp with the Earle of Northumbland,23 Mr. his horse and a braue Horseman; persuaded the Lord Wharton 23 And the Cheuileir Musgraues232 who had braue breed of horses, and many of the Country Gentry to Contribute to a prise of plate of 20 yearly, and the famous hors courser of England and Scotland, the quondam Duke of Buckengham, had horse called Con- queror; And the Earle of Morrayes 2wily horse fox: Running heer for 2000 but the Conqueror Conquest him, and won the money. Through the night before ther was Terriblest blast was ever blowen; Churches, Towers, Trees, Steeples, houses, all feling The furie of the furies therof, for without all p'adventure the diuell a stir, whether of England or Scotland I cannot tell, but the English horse got the prise. The great fores of woods was so blowen cross the way as we had much adoe to ride throw them; yet not so bad a blast as usurping Oliver had, when the devill blew him out off this world." 230 Joceline Percy, i ith EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND, only son of Algernon, the ioth Earl, K.G., and Lady Elizabeth Howard, second daughter of Theophilus, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, succeeded to the family honours and estates on the death of his father, October 13, i668. He married Elizabeth, youngest daughter of Thomas Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton, Lord High Treasurer of England, by whom he left at his decease, May 21, i67o, an only daughter Elizabeth, when the honours of the Percy family, created by Queen Mary, ceased. Charles II. created, in i674, his third natural son, by the Duchess of Cleveland, George Fitzroy, Earl, and afterwards Duke, of Northumberland; but he dying without issue in 17 6, I 2o BARON WHARTON. those dignities expired. In the meantime, one James Percy, a trunk-maker, claimed the honours of the Percy family, and so annoyed the House of Lords that their lordships at last sentenced him to wear a paper in Westminster Hall, declaring him "A false and impudent pretender to the earldom of Northumberland." 231 Philip Wharton, 4th BARON WHARTON-grandson of Philip Wharton, 3rd Baron Wharton, and son of Sir Thomas Wharton and Lady Philadelphia Carey, daughter of Robert, Earl of Monmouth-succeeded to the family honours and estates on the death of his grandfather in i623. Born in i613, he attained his majority in 1634; was summoned to Parliament from November 3, I639, to May i9, i685. He married, first, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Rowland Wandes- ford, Knight, of Pickhay, county York, by whom he had an only daughter; secondly, Jane, daughter and heiress of Arthur Goodwyn, Esq., of Upper Winchendon, county Bucks, by whom he had two sons and four daughters; and thirdly, Anne, daughter of William Carr, by whom he had a son William, killed in a duel, December, 1689. His lordship, who was a violent Puritan, and an active Parliamentary partisan, temp. Charles I., died February 5, 1695, and was succeeded by his eldest son Thomas, 5th Baron Wharton. 282 Probably Sir Philip Musgrave, Baronet, whose "very good breed " of horses were seized by the Cromwellians soon after the battle of Marston Moor. The soldiers on both sides plundered friends and foes indiscriminately when opportunity offered. " There are few," says a modern writer, " who reap the supposed advantages of war, but millions feel the evils of its ravages." Sir Philip was related by marriage to the Whartons, and died February 7, i678, aged 70. See his Life by Rev. Gilbert Burton. 2m Qy. Alexander Stewart, 5th EARL OF MORAY, a Lord of the Treasury, 1678; Secretary of State and an extraordi- nary Lord of Session, o68o; Royal Commissioner to the 16B9.] 121 TILE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVI. Parliament of Scotland, 1686; Knight of the Thistle, i687; deprived of his offices at the Revolution; ob. November 1, 1700. " At Richmond in the County of York, a Fair will be heldon tie i 3th of September instant, for all manner Charles IL of Cattle; on the i4th for all sorts of Mer- 1670. chantdises; on the i5th and 16th for Horses EI--de of the best breed in the North; on tie I 7th a Plate of 5so value will be run for there by the best horses; on the i9th another Plate of ,20 value by lower prized Horses."-The " London Gazette," September i, I 670, No. 502. " These are to give notice, that the Right Honour- able Charles, Earl of Derby, with many other Gentle- 1B72. men of Quality within the two Counties of Liverpool. Lancaster and Chester, together with the Xarch. Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses of Liver- poole, have set forth near the said Town, a five-mile course for a Horse-race, which is intended to be run upon the eighteenth day of March next, and so for ever yearly at the same time; and as it is one of the finest grounds for the length in England; so it will be for one of the most considerable Plates in the Nation; and whosoever intends to put a Horse in for the same (Horses of all sizes being allowed) must have them kept within the Liberties of Liverpoole three weeks before the day, and if he be no Contri- butor, must pay five pounds towards the next Plate." -- The London Gazette," February ash, i67I[-72, No. 652. " There is set up a new Plate at Ha/son Heath by 1o2 LIVERPOOL-NORTHAMPTON. Nortlwmfton, to be run for, the Thursday after Michaelmas next; The price of the Plate u. will be about 430. None but Gentlemen 1672. Northsmpton. are to ride and they must be 12 Stone weight, Harleston. and ride four Heats." -" The London September. Gazette," September -A, 1672, No. 71 I. In the reign of Charles II. there were two race- courses in the vicinity of Northampton, viz. at Harleston and Rothwell. At the latter Northampton. meeting, in September, 1672, we derive the Rltwell glade. following capital description of the races at September. this date, from Isham's journal: " Sept. 5. We went to Rothwell races; the course is well situated in a plain between the hills, 2000 yards in length, 500 in breadth; they go twice round before they reach the goal. Four horses ran: first, Lord Exeter's, ridden by Colonel Lisle; second, Lord Cullen's,S34 which he rode himself; third, Lord Blun- dell's,235 steered by Mr. Washburn; 2-6 and fourth Lord Sherards,237 ridden by Earl Westmoreland.m The prize, two silver candlesticks, being placed before them, they got on their horses, and holding their reins, wait the signal; when the shrill horn sounded they started off without delay, and bounded for the goal. Shouts rent the air. Cullen at first rode far ahead of the rest, next to him Westmoreland, third Lisle,m Washburn following. They reach the plain and lay themselves down to their stroke; at length Earl Westmoreland came up and won. Then the shouting and hum of the people made the whole amphitheatre to resound. I See vol. ii. p. 255. 1672.] 123 4 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XV1. Then, whilst they rest their limbs and wipe the foam off the horses, Mr. Mulcher of Finedon and Lord Cullen's servant, Somers, disputed which should carve the venison which Mulcher brought. When this course, or heat, was ended, the jockeys again start from the post and go neck and neck for some distance with doubtful prospect, when, at last, Lisle came in first. Now then the last heat came in which three only contended, Washburn having been distanced. The others took their places again under the excitement of glory, and start at the signal given. Lisle is far ahead and mad with excitement, but when in expectation of hearing the palm, crowding against some one, he unfortunately fell. Pleasant hope thus came to the two last, Westmoreland and Cullen. The former takes the lead, and quicker than success itself, presses with bent thong and is first at the goal, flying amid the applause and murmur of success, for the hills resounded with their shout. " I rode the brown horse, and as soon as I reached the course a veterinary came and offered me i8 for my horse, so he went to my father who would not accept it " (pp. 62-63). 234 Charles Cokayne, Esq., of Rushton, county North- ampton, was elevated to the peerage of Ireland, August ii, i642, in the dignity of Viscount and Baron Cullen. He married in 1627, Lady Mary O'Brien, daughter and co-heiress of Henry, 5th Earl of Thomond, by whom he had a daughter Elizabeth and a son, his successor (in i66i), Brian, 2nd VIs- COUNT CULLEN. This nobleman married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Francis Trentham, of Rocester Priory, county Stafford, by whom he acquired the valuable lordship of Castle 124 12 NOTABLE GENTLEMEN _OCKE YS. Hedingham, in Essex (derived from the De Veres, Earls of Oxford). By her (who was famous for her beauty and wit, and who died November 20, 1713) he had issue, Charles, 3rd Viscount Cullen, his successor; Trentham, who died un- married; George, who died without heirs; Elizabeth, married to Thomas Crathorne, Esq.; and May, who died unmarried. Brian, Viscount Cullen, died in 1687, aged 56. 2"5 " LORD BLUNDELL," of Stanton Wivill, Leicestershire, was Robert, 2nd Baron Brundenell, and subsequently Earl of Cardigan; ob. 1703. 2' JOHN WASHBOURN, Esq. (descended from the family of Washbourn, in Worcestershire), acquired from the Lanes the Manor of Pytchley, Northamptonshire, about the time of these races. According to the epitaph on his tomb within the rails of the altar in All Saints Church, Pytchley, he " was taken out of this world the 16'h of Jan. i685." 2w BENNET SHERARD, 2nd Lord Sherard, succeeded to the family honours and estates on the death of his father, Sir William Sherard, ist Baron Sherard. The subject of this notice married Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Robert Christopher, of Alford, in Lincolnshire, by whom he had Christopher, who died unmarried in i68i, and Bennet, ist Earl of Harborough, and two daughters. He was chosen M.P. for Leicester in i678, I679, i68i, i685, i688, i690; and on August 28, 1690, was constituted Custos Rotulorum of the county of Rutland. He was a liberal encourager of the fine arts; and died January 30, I700, and was succeeded by his only surviving son, Bennet, ist Earl of Harborough. 288 CHARLES FANE, 3rd Earl of Westmoreland, eldest son of Mildmay, 2nd Earl of Westmoreland, born in 1634, suc- ceeded to the family honours and estates in i665; he first married Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of Charles Nodes, of Shepall, Bury, in the county of Hertfordshire, Esq.; secondly, 1672.] 125 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVI. Dorothy, daughter of Robert, Earl of Cardigan; but dying in September, 169i, without leaving any issue, was succeeded by Sir Vere Fane, his half-brother. 239 Of COLONEL LISLE'S career we know nothing. "April i I, i672. I went to Harleston races, and there were many horses to run for the silver cup, Northampton. amongst whom the horses of Lord Cullen, 16rl721X. Lord Sherard, Sir W. Hazlewood,4 and Aprl. Mr. Digby; but Lord Sherard took the prize. Lord Cullen fell from his horse, and was much hurt. Another gentleman rode a match with another man for five shillings, and when near the finish of the course, his horse (how I do not know) stumbled and fell with his rider, whose body was bruised all over, and who fell lifeless."-Isham's Diary, p. 36. " September 14. There are to be new horse races at Harleston the Thursday after Michelmas September. dy day. ... "Sept. 19. We had a horse race at Harle- stone. . "I November i. We heard that Mr. Bainbridge had won 5 at Harleston races, on the race between November. Mr. Hanbury and Mr. Boothby, and Saunders won 3. They also said that Boothby challenged Hanbury to run him for xoo."-Ibid. 240 SIR WILLIAM HAZELWOOD, of Maidwell, Northampton- shire, succeeded his father, Sir Anthony Hazelwood, in i66o. He died January, i68i, aged 39, and was interred in the Church of the Blessed Virgin at Maidwell, in the Hundred of Rothwell, Northamptonshire. T:!6 13ARTLEBOROUGH-B URFOR D. "August 29, x672. Artleborough races Charles n. 16Th. were held, and Mr. Washbourn won the Areborough. silver cup."-Isham Diary, s. d., p. 6 i. August. Richard Blome, in his " Britannia," published in I673, says: "Burford, seated on an ascent, and on the River Windrush, which springeth out 1o73. of the Cots-wold; a good, fair, and large Buford. Town Corporate, governed by two Bailiffs, and other Sub-officers; and hath a well frequented Market, for corn, cattle and provisions on Saturdays. This Town is of chief note for its good Saddles here made. And nigh unto this place lyeth the Downs, much frequented and resorted unto by the Gentry for Horse-races, as very fit for that purpose, which brings a considerable advantage into the Town " (p. i88). Richard Blome, in his description of Surrey, c. I673, remarks that from Croydon to Farnham, "runneth the Downs, called Branstead- Downs, which affordeth great delight for Dows. Hawking, Hunting, and Horse-races." "April i9, 1673. There was a horse o race at Rothwell, betwene Lord Cullen and (Rothwf owae) Mr. Washbourn for 50, which Lord Cullen ApriL won."-Isham's Diary, s.d., p. 9i. Races at Rothwell are incidentally mentioned by the Diarist under date of August 28, i673 Au (Ibid., p. I03). "Sept. 4, i673. The celebrated Rothwell races were held, at which there were only three horses to start: Lord Sherard's, ridden by "Britannia," p. 220. 167 .3.] 127 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK Xvr. Lord Westmorland; Sir - Noel's,24l ridden by Captain Lisle; and the horse of Digby, deceased, ridden by George Blunt. The first heat Lord Sherard won. On this race there was much betting. Lord Sherard won the silver flagon."-Isham's Diary, p. 104. m Vere Noel, Esq., of Kirkby Mallory, in the county of Leicestershire, created a Baronet, July 4, i66o, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Wolston Dixie, Knt., of Bosworth, and dying in 1670, was succeeded by his son, SIR WILLIAM NOEL, 2nd Baronet, who married, ist, Margaret, daughter of John, Lord Lovelace, by Anne, Baroness Wentworth, and had issue Thomas, his successor, and John, heir to his brother. He married 2ndly, Frances, third daughter of Humble, Lord Ward, and had by her a daughter Frances, who was married, ist, to Sir Charles Skymsher, Knt., of Norbury Manor, and 2ndly, to Sir John Chester, Bart., of Chichley. Sir William Noel died April 13, I685, aged 33. Charles II. " April 3, i673. There was a grand 1o73. race at Harleston, where Lord Lovel 242 April. won the prize."-Isham's Diary, s.d., p. go. 24 "Lord Lovel "-Qy. Thomas Parker, son and heir of Henry Parker, 12th Baron Morley, summoned to Parliament as "Thomw Parker de Morley et Monteagle," from May 8, 13 Car. II. i66i, to May i9, I Jac. II. I685; ob. circa i686, s.p., when the Baronies of Morley and Monteagle, together with that of Marshal, fell into abeyance, but were revived in the person of John Perceval, his heir general, Earl of Egmont. A previous creation, the Lordship of Lovel of Tichmearch, Northamptonshire, became extinct, temp. Richard III. A parish in the hundred of Nobolle-Grove, Northamptonshire, seventy-two miles from London. The town was first called Herolfston, from a Danish chieftain named Herolf, who came to England with Canute. It is now the property of Earl Spencer. 128 16]TA THWELL-RIPON.1 " All Gentlemen may take notice, that on the second Thursday in April, there will be a Plate to be run for, at Tathwell Course, near Louth in 1675. Lincolnshire, for any Horse that will come Tathwei, nr. Loutla, carrying io Stone weight, and putting in Booze. 3 stakes, the Plate this year is worth 40, and the two next ensuing years, of greater value."-The "London Gazette," March i, i674[-75], No. 969. " On Tuesday next, the fifth day of October, i675. The first Plate will be Run for on Mouneton Moor near Ripon, by a single Course. On Wed- Charies II. nesday the sixth, the second Plate will be 1675. Ripon. Run for on the same Moor, by three heats. October. And then also the Horse Fair at Ripon will be holden according to Charter."-The " London Gazette," Sep- tember 1O i675, No. 1026. Ripon, situated in the West Riding of Yorkshire, is a clean, well-built city, 2i8 miles from London. It was a most noted place for horse fairs, and the most spacious street in it is still called the Horse-fair, though it is now used rather for the periodical exhibition than for the sale of horses; it also promoted, at an early period, the breeding of horses, the races having been established on Moncton Moor, c. i675, and another course being formed on the High Common in 1713, at the expense of the Corporation; during the time of the Aislabies they were well encouraged, but subsequently fell off considerably in character, and eventually were abandoned on the enclosure of the common in 1826. With a view chiefly to afford amusement at the annual feast of St. Wilfred, in August, they were re-established on a new course on the opposite side of the river, in 1837, and have since been con- tinued. They are now held there in the month of August. There is no staple manufacture carried on in the city, unless VOL. 111. K 11675.] 129 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVI. the establishments of a few individuals may be allowed to represent the trade of saddle-tree making carried on here as early as the time of Queen Elizabeth. After the manufacture of woollen cloth declined, in the sixteenth century, that of spurs was carried on with such skill and success that the phrase, "As true steel as Ripon rowels," applied to express the character of a man of honest principles, became proverbial throughout the kingdom. Ben Jonson, in his " Staple of News," has- "Why, there's an angel, if my spurs Be not right Rippon." And Davenant, in his " Wits "- "Whip me with wire, beaded with rowels of sharp Rippon spurs." This trade, together with that of button-making, and some other kinds of hardware, prospered throughout the seventeenth and part of the eighteenth century; but the advantages obtained in the great seats of general hardware manufacture by the division of labour, and a more liberal application of capital, at length caused its decline. Alderman John Terry, who occupied the site of the second house westward from the Town Hall, and died within recollection, was the last spurrier (per se) in the city of Ripon, and perhaps in the entire world. " Whereas several persons, who obliged themselves to Contribute each of them a Guinea yearly for seven Charles years, towards a 14 stone Plate, to be run Burfod. for on Buiuford Downs, every 117hiison-week 1660. of the said 7 years, beginning in l 676 did not pay in their Contributions the last year, according to their Obligation by the said Articles. This is to put them in mind, That they are obliged thereby, upon a Penalty, to pay the said Contributions either at Burford, one year advance for the next, or at 130 BURFORD- WOODS TOCK. London at least a Month before the said Plate is run for, at the sign of the Golden Buck in Fleet-street. Wherefore such Contributors as have not yet paid in their Contributions are desired not to fail therein as aforesaid, for the few remaining years, that the Steward may provide a Plate accordingly."-The "London Gazette," February `1 : I 679[-80], No. 1486. " Sept. 14. This day spent at home and did busi- ness and dutyes, and was at ye race for ye Charles =. buck at Woodstock. w ed7. "15. This day entertained my Lord September. Threasurer and Lord Norris &c and was [in the] afternoon at the race at Woodstock for ye plate, they went also. Lord of Exceters Roan Horse won it, being yeelded after 2 heats, I did dutyes also."-MS. Diary of the Earl of Angleseyt 1675-i684, sub anio. Additional MSS., Brit. Mus., I8,730. "September 23, i676. The morning Bl.lg., had foot races and foot and horse race to September. ' A market town, municipal and parliamentary borough, eight miles N. W. of Oxford; about seventy-one miles by the Great Western Railway from London. It was here Alfred the Great translated Boethius into Saxon, and here Henry 1. formed the first deer-park in England with a stone wall. The palace, which had been rebuilt by Henry I., became the favourite residence of Henry II., who here formed the Bower, a white castle, remains of which were visible in 1622, for his mistress, fair Rosa- mond, the daughter of Lord Clifford, of Clifford Castle, in Herefordshire. The approach to the Bower was concealed by means of a labyrinth, the site of which is said to be indicated by a fountain or well. At the Resto- ration, the honours and manor of Woodstock reverted to Charles II., and continued in the possession of the Crown till presented by Queen Anne to the Duke of Marlborough, as a reward for his victory at Blenheim over the French and Bavarians in 1704. (See vol. ii. p. 182.) t Arthur Annesley, Earl of Anglesey, Lord Privy Seal, seated at Bletchingdon, Bucks. t A parish in the hundred of Ploughley, Oxfordshire, four miles E. of 1676;.] 131 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVI. entertain vs, the rest of the day did businesse & dutyes."-Lord Anglesey's Diary, s.a. "On Tuesday the io of October I676, the first Plate will be Run for on Mouncton Moore near RzPon, Rip.. by a single Course. The next day the 1676. second Plate will be run for on the same Moore by three Heats. And then also the Horse-Fair at Ri.on will be held according to Charter."-The "London Gazette," September i, 1676, No. 113 I. T. Alslaby (probably the collector of Bridlington), writing from that port, March 20, i676, to Secretary RibHieogb, Williamson at Whitehall, says, "On Thurs- Yorkshire. day last was the great Horsecorce at Rib- lingcoats, Run by fower horses Sr Rap'h Warton's horse won ye Plate and SqT Beamont's 243 was the second: 'twas near run betwixt those two theire being not above a Length difference: all ye ods was on Beamont's horse. Legerd2 4 was the 3d & Osbaldes- ton w the Last. There was a great nomber of Gentry and Much silver and Gould wonn and Lost." t The writer then gives his report of the ships arriving at, departing from, and seen off his port. Ah! if the race-horses were ships we would be embarrassed with the richness of their proceedings all round the coast. 248 Very likely a scion of the Barons Beaumont of West Woodstock. Bletchingdon Park, until recently, was the seat of the Annesley family. It is now in the possession of Viscount Valentia. We are unable to say where this race-course was located. Brid- lington Quay, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, is 206 miles from London. t State Papers, Dom., March, 1675-6, Bundle zi6, No. 234, MS., P. R. 0. 132 WINCHESTER. Yorkshire, or one of the Beaumonts of Chapel-Thorpe or Darton. As no Christian name is mentioned, the person referred to is difficult to identify. 244 Probably JOHN LEGARD, son and heir of John Legard. Esq., of Ganton (created a baronet, December 29, i66o), and his second wife Frances, daughter of Sir Thomas Widdering- ton. On the death of his father in I678, he became the 2nd Baronet, and was prominent in all local affairs at Scarborough and its vicinity until his death, which took place in 1715. Sir Charles Legard, of Ganton, county York, ex-M.P. for Scarbo- rough, the i ith and present Baronet, now represents the family. pwg Qy. if one of the SONS Of JOHN OSBALDESTON, Esq., of Chadlington. Littleton Osbaldeston was created a baronet by Charles II., June 25, i664 He died c. 1692. " It is generally agreed upon at this Assembly, that the Common Seale of this citty shal be putto and affixed to ye Instrumt now read unto them Witheer. for the providing a plate of Fiftie Ounces 1676. for seven yeares, to be runn for the Thurs- Augus. day next after the last Wednesday in August yearly: Provided that the Gentlemen Subscribers to the other parte of ye Articles doe provide a Plate, and runn for it the Wednesday before." - Bailey's " Municipal Transcripts of Winchester," p. 78. " The last Wednesday in August next, will be run for on Winchester Downes a considerable Plate, (for which none but Gentlemen are to Ride) consisting of three four Mile-heats, 1i6&7S-1. for which every Horse that Runs, must Winchester. carry either I4 Stone, besides the Saddle, August or 14 Stone 2 pounds and a half weighing the 1676-1683.] 133 THE HISTORY OF NEWAMRKET. [Boo XVI. Saddle, at the choice of the Rider; And the Lord Marquis of Winchester hath engaged to give another Plate; and to this first Plate any may be a Contributor for two Guineys per Annum, and put in a Horse for nothing; and he that is not a Contributor, must pay 5 Guineys. The City of Winchester will next day give another 14 Stone Gentlemans Plate, for which any Contributor to the former may put in a Horse for nothing, and all others must pay two Guineys a Horse, which Plates are to continue for seven years. Now whereas several persons have not only for this Plate, but for another of the like nature, which was first Run for at Burford last Whilson-week, promised to Sign the Articles concerning them, as Contributors, and pay accordingly, and yet have omitted so to do, They are hereby desired to make good their said Promises; and that all may know whither to go or send, This is to give Notice, that the Burford Articles are left at the shop of Mr. 7ohn Mawzwson Goldsmith at the Golden Buck in Fleet-street, London; and that the Winchester Articles shall also be left there for about a Fortnight, and then carried to Winchester, where in the mean time any may sign a Counterpart of them now in the hands of the Mayor of Winchester."-The " London Gazette," July i, i 676, No. iiI6. "September 14, i677. Spent at home Lady Lovelace and much company being here 1677. [ie. Blechingdon]. ye afternoon went to SWetbe.k ye horse race for ye Buck and ye footrace at Woodstock and did dutyes. 134 1677, 1678.) CIREACESTER-BLANDFORD-BRACKLEY. I3S " 15. The morning spent in busines at home, the afternoon went to ye race at Woodstock for the gold cup wch Mr. Edw. Griffith won. I did dutyes also."- Lord Anglesey's Diary, sub anno. MSS. Add., i8,730. "On Thursday before Whitsunday, a Plate of Forty Pounds price will be Run for at Cerney Downes within two miles of Cyrencester in the County of Gloucester, the Gentlemen themselves Riding their own Horses; it is to be Run on an old Course." -The " London Gazette," May -s, i677, No. I I96. "At Blanford Course in Dorsetsiire, upon the first Thursday and Friday in AMay next ensuing, two Plates will be Run for; the one, of 15 value, and Charles Hl the Riders to be Io stone weight; the other, 167f8 is of 225 and the Riders to be Gentlemen, May. and of 12 stone weight. Whosoever is disposed for this sport, must either enter the size and colour of his Mare, or Gelding, with the Bayliff of Blanford the Thursday before the Race, depositing 20S. in the Bayliffs hands towards the next years 1 5 Plate, or 40s. towards the other. If any Contributer offer I5 for either Mare or Gelding before the start, the Owner must sel, provided there be two left to Run, and the Purchaser is not to Run him that year. For so likewise for the 25 Plate."-The " London Gazette," March 21, i677-78, No. 1288. "Whereas there hath been a Discourse of altering the time for the Plates at Brackley; These are to give Notice, That the old Ten Stone Plate will BRrady. be Run for on the last Thursday in April, ApriL the Plate for Horses to carry Sixteen Stone on the 136 THE HISTOR Y OF NE WMARKE T. [BooK XVI. Tuesday of that week, the new Town Plate for Ten Stone weight on the Wednesday, and the Plate for Hounds on the Friday of the same week."-The "London Gazette," March A2, No. I 289. " There is a Horse-Race to be Run at Nor/h-berney and Banton Downs near Cirences/er in Glouces/ershire, on chars Ix. the 8th day of May next, being Wednesday, 1CIS7S. Holy-Thursday Eve, for a Plate of 40. Kay. Whereas it was the last year on the Thursday before Whitson-Thursday, the Gentry thinking it too near the time of Burford Race, have appointed it to be the day above mentioned, and to continue for the time, agreed in the Articles for this purpose."-The " London Gazette," April i1s, 1678, No. 1293. "These are to give Notice, that upon a Heath within a mile of Wakefeild in Yorkshire, upon the third WAefield.. Wednesday in August next, and so on the August- same day every year, will be two Plates Run for: the first worth 3o for which any Horse, Gelding, or Mare may Run, carrying 12 Stone weight; The second worth I5 for which no Stoned Horse is to Run, nor any Gelding or Mare that will not be sold for 20 before he Run. To Run three Heats for each Plate, and every Heat is three miles; the second Plate is Rid forwith io Stone weight."-Ibidt., July A-, i678, No. I320. "The Information of Mr. Burnet. "What Sir Micha/ War/on has here said, I know to be true; the day that Mr. 7enison went to Datehet. 167s. Windsor, I do believe to be on the 17/h of August. August last, it was on a Saturday, the day of 1678.] DA TCHE T-L ICIFIEL D- WOODS TOCA. . Dochets Horse-race, for I met him riding to Windsor as I came from the Horse-race."-" A Narrative of the Depositions of Robert Jenison, Esq., etc. Col- lected by Charles Chetwind, Esq., London, i679." "The Information of Mr. Ghetwin. " I know it to be that Tuesday, my Lord, very well, for we all went about such time to my Cousins Mothers, to stay a Week there, and after I Chrles II. returned back, and on Tuesday, the 15th of 1678. October, I went to the Race to Lichfield, and October. stayed till Saturday there, and then came thence to London."-" The Trial and Condemnation of Thomas White, etc. Published by Authority, London, i679." "September i6, i678. We dined at Lady Love- lace,2" and were after at ye race for ye gold Wooftock. cup at Woodstock and did dutyes."-Lord september. Anglesey's Diary. MSS. Add., I8,730. 24 Anne, daughter of Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Cleve- land, Dowager Lady Lovelace. Lord Lovelace, 3rd Baron Lovelace, of Hurley, i670-93, was the audacious and intem- perately vehement Whig who figures in Macaulay's History. John Lovelace, 3rd Baron Lovelace, of Hurley, Berks, suc- ceeded to the family honours and estates on the death of his father in i670. This nobleman was a notable patron of the turf, which, however, he encouraged more from political than equine motives. During the reign of Charles II. he was con- spicuous as the friend and supporter of the Duke of Monmouth, and at this period was the recognized head of the faction antagonistic to the Duke of York. At a later date he was " distinguished," says Macaulay, " by his taste, by his mag- nificence, and by the audacious and intemperate violence of his Whiggism," and was in the habit of assembling the leading friends of the Revolution in a vault beneath the hall of his 137 138 THE HISTORY OFN EWMARKET. [BOOK XVI. splendid mansion at Lady Place, in Berkshire-a council chamber into which he had afterwards the pleasure of intro- ducing William IIl., when that monarch honoured him with a visit. Lord Lovelace was one of the very first to rise in arms for the Prince of Orange, and one of the most energetic of his partisans. His lordship, who was captain of the band of pensioners, lived in so much splendour and profuseness, that a great portion of his estates came to the hammer, under a decree of the Court of Chancery. He died in i693. This barony became extinct, on the death of Nevil Lovelace, the 5th Baron, in 1736. CharlesIL "September 13, i679. The morning in 1679. busines at home ye afternoon at Campfield Campfield. race for ye gold plate where Mr. Bayntons OOx. bay gelding won ye plate agt Mr. Tho. Whartons black I did dutyes." - Lord Anglesey's Diary. MSS. Add., i8,730. "September i6, i679. Spent the morn- Woodstoek. - September. ing at home in busines & converse. The afternoon at the Race for Woodstock plate Wel the Earle of Rochesters gray won. I did dutys." -Lord Anglesey's Diary. MSS. Add., 18,730. The Marquis does not refer to the races at Woodstock in his diary after this date. They were temporarily discon- Portmead. tinued out of political spleen. Dr. Prideaux, Dean September. of Norwich, writing from Ox.ord, September 27, '"8. i68i, to John Ellis, Under Secretary of State, says: " While ye Lord Lovelace had the town of Woodstock solely at his devotion, he for several years had an horse race there about the middle of September, and a plate of o50 price was always given by him, which drew a great concourse of the gentry thither; but last year, beeing angry with ye Horse, mare, or gelding-manuscript illegible. WOODS TOCK-POR T.VEAlD. town because they showed respects to the Ld. Norris, by way of revenge he removes the race from Woodstock, and to collogue with our towns folk, whom he thought more for his turn, sets up his posts in Portmead; and there last year his 50o plate was run for, and ye Duke of Monmouth and many of his gange, you may remember, were then here. This year his Ldship again designed to have the same race here, and ye same company promised to meet him at it, and great docings there was among the townsmen in prepar- ing for the reception of King James the 2' ; but it seems his Lordship having sent to Alderman Wright to bespake ye plate without sendeing the money, the Alderman would not vouche for payment, and thereupon the goldsmith would not prepare the plate, and therefore his Lordship, comeing thither to prepare all things for the time, found the mean affair wonten- ing; wch produced a kind of quarrel between his Lordship and ye Alderman. However, all his interest here was not sufficient to gain himself trusted elsewhere for the summe, and therefore, after all his huffeing, he was forced to uninvite his company and carry away his race horses again, after that they had been here some time a dieteing for ye sport, and our blessed towns- men were deprived of the soe much expected happynesse of seeing the gracious Duke here again. My last told you of our townsmens going to Blechington to the Ld. Privy Seal. I find the Lady Lovelace was the sole contriver of this affair, for, our townsmen finding it necessary since the late journey to Newmarket to have some friend at Court to favour them their [there] she proposed to Wright (who is the chief governor here and solely governed by her) the Ld. Privy Seal, and undertook at the same time to dispose him to it; whereupon last Friday out goes abot 20 of them to desire his Lordship to honour them with accepting the freedom of their town; and his Lordship readyly accepted of their offer."- Letters, PP. 97, 98. "' September I7, i679. This morning spent at A satirical reference to Monmouth. 1C80.] 139 140 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOoK XVI. home. Lord Norris" and my Lady Cousin Dormer's son, Lady Spencer & her daughter and Mrs. Mildmay Charl la. &C dining here, ye afternoon we went to ye 1679. Race for my son Annesley's Plate wch Little QY. Bletchmg. Jack of Dandy won, Mr. Mason's horse Oon. agt Newcastle, Duke of Bucks, 2 others September. giving out after tryall. Earl of Carnarvon24" also dined here. I did ye usual dutyes."-Lord Anglesey's Diary. MSS. Add., 18,730. 247 James Bertie, son of Montague, Earl of Lindsey, became Lord Norreys of Rycote in 1679, and was created Earl of Abingdon in 1682. He was Lord-lieutenant for county Oxon. 248 Robert Dormer (son of the Hon. William Dormer, and Alice, daughter of Sir Richard Molineux, of Sefton), succeeded as 2nd Baron Dormer of Wenge, at the decease of his grand- father, Robert, ist lord, in i6i6, and was advanced August 2, i628, to the Viscounty of Ascot and Earldom of Carnarvon. He took up arms in the royal cause during the Civil Wars, and was eminently distinguished as a military leader in those unhappy times. In the year i643 he had the command of a regiment of horse, and went with Prince Rupert, the Marquis of Hertford, Prince Maurice, and Colonel Howard, into Dorset- shire, and charged as a volunteer in Sir John Byron's regiment, at the battle of Roundway-down, county Wilts; after which he joined the king before Gloucester, being then a general of horse, but was slain at Newbury, September 20 following. He married Anna Sophia, daughter of Philip Herbert, Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, and was succeeded by his only son, Charles Dormer, 3rd Baron Dormer, and 2nd EARL OF CARNARVON. This nobleman married Elizabeth, daughter of Arthur, Lord Capel, by whom he had surviving issue, Elizabeth, married to Philip Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield; Isabella, married to Charles Coote, Earl of Mountrath; Anna- Sophia, who died of the small-pox, unmarried, in the twenty- WAKEFZELD-FARNDO.'4 second year of her age, A.D. i695. His Lordship married, secondly, Mary, daughter of Montagu Bertie, Earl of Lindsey, but by her he had no issue. He died November 29, 1709, when the Earldom of Carnarvon and Viscounty of Ascot became extinct, while the Barony of Dormer devolved upon his kinsman, Rowland Dormer, Esq., of Grove Park, county Warwick, great-grandson of Robert, ist lord, through his second son, the Hon. Anthony Dormer. John Baptist Joseph, 12th Baron Dormer, now represents the family. " Whereas formerly Notice was given of Two Plates to be Run for every Year upon the third Wednesday in August upon a Heath within Charles la. a Mile of Wakefield in Yorkshire, the first W17e9.eld Plate being of the real value of 3o and for August. which any Horse, Gelding, or Mare, may run three Heats, carrying 12 Stone weight. And the other of the real value of 6I 5 for which no Ston'd Horse is allowed to Run but Geldings and Mares onely, and that three Heats Io Stone Weight, and the said Geld- ings and Mares not to exceed the value of 20 price. These are further to give notice, That all the said Horses, Mares and Geldings, intending to Run for the said Plates, are to be shown and entered with a Person ready for that purpose, at the Market Cross in Wake- field aforesaid, upon the Monday seven-night before the Race-day, between the hours of Ten in the Forenoon, and Two in the Afternoon."-The "I London Gazette," June 2', i6679, No. 1419. "June 14. The Earl of Derby 249 at Latham to Mr. Legh 250 at Lyme.-Is desirous that the plate Chester should be run for again. 'The entered is or as fairly drawn for all sides as could be Famdon! 1679.] 141 142 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET.[ done, for I am sure I don't desire any advantage, neither would I willingly others should. I think if every horse that runs should put in 20S. or-(I leave it to you) it may cause more sport.' He is more desirous because the world would be glad to run for something than the bare plate."-Historical Manuscripts Commission, Appendix to the Third Report, p. 269. 24 WILLIAM GEORGE RICHARD STANLEY, 9TH EARL OF DERBY, born March i8, i656, who married in July, i673, Lady Elizabeth Butler, daughter of Thomas, Earl of Ossory, and died without male issue in 1702, when the honours of his family devolved upon his brother, James Stanley, ioth Earl of Derby. 2; RICHARD LEGII, of Lyme, Esq., the first Baron of Newton of his name, who succeeded to the Lyme estate February 2, 1643, when his uncle Francis died, was born May 7, 1634, and was the eldest son of the Rev. Thomas Legh, D.D., rector of Sefton and Walton, and of Lettice, his wife, the daughter and co-heiress of Sir George Calveley, of Lea, Baronet, a lineal descendant of that Sir Hugh Calveley, the Cheshire knight who so distinguished himself at the battle of Auray, fought in 1364, and of Navarete, fought in 1367. By Dr. Legh's alliance with the daughter of this house " the quarterings of the Cheshire hero were appropriately united to the shield which had been borne at Agincourt, and was graced with honorary trophies from Crescy." Neither of his parents was spared to see their son Richard, the young heir of Lyme, come of age. Being a minor, he escaped being challenged as either a malignant or a roundhead, and what was more im- portant, his estates remained intact, and his rents, which were accumulating during this period, formed a considerable fund which afterwards proved of use when he subsequently attained his majority. In i656 he was elected a Member of Parliament for the county of Chester, having another notable turfite, Sir [BOOKE XV1. RICHARD LEGH OF LYME. George Booth, Bart, afterwards Lord Delamer, for his col- league. In i659, when Richard Cromwell, the new Protector, called his first and only Parliament, Mr. Legh was again elected as one of the members for the county of Chester, John Bradshaw, the President of the High Court of Justice which sat on the trial of Charles I., being his colleague. On January i, i66o, Mr. Legh married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Chicheley, of Wimpole, Cambridgeshire, and at the Restoration he was elected one of the Members of Parliament for Newton, in which place he had a considerable estate. In September, i662, Charles, Earl of Derby, and William, Lord Brereton, the joint lord-lieutenants, appointed him a deputy-lieutenant for Cheshire; and on April 26 following, the same office in Lan- cashire was by his Majesty's command conferred upon him by the Earl of Bridgewater, then lord-lieutenant of that county. From this time Mr. Legh appears to have devoted himself to the enjoyment of rural life, and escaped political strife; so much so, that when the Duke of Monmouth made his remarkable progress through the western counties, he declined to partici- pate in the new pretender's cause, although in his magisterial capacity he was obliged to take certain depositions implicating some of his neighbours, for which Sir Leoline Jenkins was commanded by the king to convey him his Majesty's thanks. On the accession of James II., William, 9th Earl of Derby above mentioned, was made lord-lieutenant of Cheshire, and he appointed Mr. Legh to be one of his deputy-lieutenants, and he soon found out that the office involved the performance of duties which were unpleasant to himself, and likely to give pain to some of his neighbours. Lord Delamer, who was one of these, having fallen under suspicion, a Secretary of State's warrant, which had been issued for his apprehension, was on June 20, i685, delivered by the Earl of Derby to Captain Needham, with orders to obtain Mr. Legh's fiat as to its execution. As elsewhere mentioned, Lord Delamer was acquitted, a verdict which by all but the court sycophants was hailed with joy. Another of the prisoners, Charles Gerard, Lord Brandon, eldest son of the Earl of Macclesfield, was apprehended on the same charge as Lord Delamer, but 16,79.1 13 144 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [ unlike him, was found guilty. It appears that Lord Brandon, who was evidently one of Mr. Legh's friends, after remaining long in prison, was at length released. He was the same person who, in one of James I.'s Parliaments, sought to be elected for the borough of Lancaster, where he had the interest of most of the common freemen, to vote for him. He was known to be a partisan of Monmouth, and he was opposed on that account by the mayor and council, and by the county gentle- men, who only succeeded in defeating his return by bringing up their servants and attendants and buying their votes at six for a shilling, which got them the name of the two-penny freemen. The Duke of Monmouth must have had zealous partisans in Lancaster, for the town sergeant there in 1685, having refused when ordered to proclaim him a traitor, was sent to prison for it. These incidents recall some stirring events in association with the friends and neighbours of Richard Legh of Lyme, all of whom were prominent patrons of the turf. Mr. Legh, at the early age of fifty-three, was called to his rest on August 31, i687, and on the 6th of the following month he was buried at Winwick, where the Rev. William Shippen, D.D., rector of Stockport, preached his funeral sermon, which was published at Oxford the next year. " Chester, Marc/i io. On Saturday last the Earl of Darby, Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire and this County, II came hither with his Lady; our Militia made 1680. a Guard for his Lordship at his entrance into Farndou. this City, and gave him three Volleys when he was Lodged. On Sunday they dyned with our Bishop; the next day they went to Farnedon: And at their return hither the City gave them a very noble Entertainment."-The " London Gazette," March i, I679, No. 1496. A parish on the eastern bank of the Dee, near Eaton Hall, eight niles from Chebter. [BooKc XI. BOOK XVI I. THE ANNALS OF THE TURF IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II. (continued)- r68I-I684. i68i. Burford (Bibury)-Royal patronage-Political objects-The King commands the Newmarket Spring Meeting to be suppressed in favour of Burford-The Crown and the Commons-Supply not voted- Parliament dissolved-Secret treaty between Charles II. and Louis XIV.-The new Parliament assembles at Oxford-Arrival there of the King and Court-The crisis-The popular party- Object of the races at Burford-A great number of horses arrive- Difficulty of finding stables, etc.-The Parliament of Oxford dis- solved-Exodus to the races at Burford-Scenes on the course-The race for the plate-Won by Lord Griffin-Black Sloven's victory- Hunting, hawking, etc.-The royal progress-Illness of the Queen- The King entertained by Lord Clarendon-Baskervile's description of Burford-Prominent patrons of the meeting-Phil4if Herbert, 7th Earl of Pembroke - Sir 7ohn Lenthall- Ralfih Dutton - Lawrence Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon-Cirencester-Northamp- ton-Brackley-Woodstock-Banstead Downs-L incoln-1682. Woodstock-The io and i5-stone plates-Winchester-Pro- gramme of the races-The o-stone plate founded-The King's contribution-Other subscribers-Summary of the articles-The stewards and officials-Regulations for lodgings and food during the meeting-The races-Are attended by the King-Leeds-Pedes- trianism during the meeting-The famous Ned Preston-He defeats the champion of the south-Excessive betting on the match-The backers of the champion of the south stone broke-Exciting scenes during and after the contest-Leith-The cup-The Lord Chan- cellor's racing expenses-Windsor-Datchet-Quainton-Hyde Park -Northampton-Wallasey-Popularity of the turf in Staffordshire, Cheshire, and Lancashire-Politics and horse-racing-The Duke of Monmouth's progress (Lichfield meeting)-Monmouth's arrival in VOL. III. L 146 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVIL. Chester-Preparations for Wallasey-Opposition races in Delamere Forest-Whigs v. Tories-The Delamere plate won by the Tories- Rejoicing at Wallasey-The races-The 60 plate-Won by the Duke of Monmouth-Owners up-The 30 plate-The matches- Prominent patrons of the meeting-Pedestrianism-Scene in Chester after the races-Monmouth receives an ovation-Political events- Monmouth arrested, tried, and acquitted-His banishment-Sir 7ohn Corbet-Alderman Stanley, 9th Earl of Derby-The turf instituted in France-Racing at St. Germains-Louis XIV. gives a plate of Iooo pistoles-Won by Lord Wharton's horse-Ridden by the Duke of Monmouth-Louis XIV. offers Lord Wharton its weight in gold for the winner-Which is refused-Scenes on the course-English turfites entertained at the Louvre-Monmouth's return to England-Is again banished-Again returns-Heads the Rebellion-Defeated and taken prisoner-Executed on Tower Hill- Dispersion of his stud-Memoir-1683. Farndon-Durham-Wake- field-Winchester-Attended by the King and Court-Predilection of the King for Winchester-Incidents during the meeting-Dela- mere Forest-Scenes on the course-Hunting-The ordinaries- Northampton-i684. Kenilworth-Weatherby-Doncaster-Quain- ton-Woodstock-Datchet-Winchester-Attended by the King, Queen, and royal family-The races-A new double plate-Conditions and qualifications-The steward and officials-The King's last visit- Expenses attending the Court during the royal sojourn-The new palace-Its uneventful history-Newport Pagnel-Lincoln. IN the spring of i68i the races at Burford (the Bibury Club of our own times) were held under novel circum- CharlsIF, stances. In those days the king was at 1881. issue with the members of the House of (Bibuo. Commons on the burning question of the March. royal succession, the fears of popery, and arbitrary government. Charles was obstinate, and ad- hered to the letter of his programme. The Commons retaliated, and refused to vote the king supplies; where- upon a proclamation was published dissolving the Parliament, and calling another to meet at Oxford in the ensuing March. In the meantime, Charles entered into a secret treaty with Louis XIV., whereby it was agreed that POLITICS AND RACING. he should give his English brother a subsidy of two millions of livres for the current year, and 500,000 crowns for the two following years. The king, secure from the apprehension of poverty by his recent treaty with France, proceeded to Oxford, escorted by a troop of body-guards, where he arrived on the 14th of March, to find the new Parliament assembled, to the great inconvenience of its members. As was well known from the outset, no progress with the public business was possible except either the king or the Commons gave way. The public feeling in London soon spread to Oxford, and sympathy with the popular party extended daily. To a certain extent this was foreseen by the Court party, and steps were taken to diminish its effect, if not to counteract it entirely. In order to draw attention from the political crisis, a race meeting at Burford was projected. The king, who is said to have conceived the idea, worked hard to make the races the most popular on record. To secure success at Burford, Newmarket spring meeting was boycotted. Under Court influence, all the principal turfites in the country were induced to contribute to its success, by entering their horses, and personally attending with elaborate suites and large "The journey to Oxford presented a tumultuous and threatening appearance. The king sent his guards there, and caused some places on the way to be occupied with troops. Similarly, the opposition lords rode into Oxford with an armed train, as the German princes in former days used to go to the Diet. The members arrived in companies of from 40 to 50, escorted by their townspeople, especially the Londoners. They wore blue bows and ribands, on which might be read the words ' No Popery,' 'No Slavery.' The citizens wished to relieve guard in protecting their repre- sentatives from any possible act of violence."-" A History of England, principally in the XVI. Century," by Leopold von Ranke, vol. iv. p. 128. 1681.] 147 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVIL retinues. It was sought to make Burford a species of political Ascot, some fifty years before the Ascot of the future was dreamt of. All the best horses at the royal racing establishment were brought from New- market, and the greatest difficulty was experienced in finding stabling for these and similar strings, which had arrived there early in March from all parts of the country. While the town of Burford was reaping a golden harvest, the adjoining city of Oxford was full to over- flowing. The Parliament necessitated the presence of the Lords and Commons; the races attracted the whole sporting fraternity of the country. As to the proceedings of the former, it only remains to be told that the members of the House of Commons would not give way on the questions at issue with the king, whom they hoped to coerce by withholding supplies. They knew nothing of the secret treaty between Charles and Louis, by which the former obtained a good supply of money, and, in a pecuniary sense, was for the nonce independent of his faithful Commons. A protracted and exciting session was expected, when one morning the king " had himself carried to the upper house alone in his chair, with the crown in a basket between his legs; he hastily put on the royal robes," unexpectedly entered the House of Lords, and sent for the Commons.t When they arrived he told them "that their Beginnings had been such, that he " Royal Ascot," as a race meeting, was founded by Queen Anne, in 1712. t " The History of the Counter-Revolution in England," by Armand Carrel, sub an. 148 could expect no good success of their Parliament, and therefore thought fit to Disolve them, and accordingly the Lord Chancellor by His Majesty's Command, Declared the Parliament Disolved." Such was the termination of the last Parliament in the reign of the Merry Monarch. In the meantime, the races at Burford commenced on St. Patrick's Day, and from the scant details at our disposal it seems the meeting proved a successful one. Lord Griffin's roan horse won the Plate, beating two other animals, the property of Mr. Norton and Mr. Roe. Some other races are mentioned by Baskervile, which were contested by the Duke of Monmouth, Lord Lovelace, the Earl of Pembroke,25" while it is stated that Nicholas Bainton's Black Sloven won another silver plate. Hawking and cognate sports probably occurred on this occasion, as appears by the following contemporary descriptions of the meeting: " From lPurford we have advise, That most of His Majes- ties Race-Horses are brought thither, and that several Gen- tlemen from the adjacent parts are sending theirs, having taken Stables at very dear Rates, so that 'tis thought 8 if His Majesties Horses continue there, Horses Barford. will be sent thither from all parts of England, X"rOh and Raceing will be Established, to the great joy of the In- habitants of that Burrough."-" The Protestant Oxford Intel- ligence, from Munday, March the 2ith, to Thursday, March 24th, No. 5." " Oxford, April the ist. Since the Dissolution of the Par- liament, the Lords and Commons for the greatest part, have The " London Gazette," March i 168i, No. 1603. 1681.1 B URFORLD. 149 150 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVII. abandoned this City, many of them being gone to Burford to be present at the Horse-Racing, that, as 'tis said will be held there Easter-Week."-" The Impartial London Intelligence: or Occurences Foreign and Domestick, Munday, April the 4th, No. i." "Oxford, March i8. His Majesty went Yesterday in His Coach about six of the Clock, attended by the Duke of Grafton, Duke of Albamarle, E. of Feversham, and several other Noble Men, to Burford, and at Whitney His Majesty took Horse, there waiting for his coming several Gentlemen and others. His Majesty went Hawking cross the Country to Burford, where the Bailiffs attended with the Officers of the Town, presented His Majesty with a Rich Silver-lac'd Saddle, with Houlsters and Bridle, worth about fifty Guineys. And Mr. Viner, the Querry being then in waiting, it fell to his Lot: They waited upon the King to Sir 17oln Lenthals,=2 where he Dined; the King's Dinner being there drest by His own Cooks and Officers; and after Dinner His Majesty went to see the Race at the Downs, where Sir Ralpph Dutton,253 Mr. Norton, Mr. Griffin and Mr. Rowes's Horses Ran, and Mr. Griffin's Roan Horse won the Plate at two Heats, and the third was given him: Mr. Griffin was not there himself, for he went lately to Scotland, to carry the Duke and Dutchess of York the news of the Death of the Lady Isabella: His Majesty went from thence to Cornbury, where He and all His Retinue were very nobly entertained by the Earl of Claren- don 2T4 at Supper and Dinner this day: Then His Majesty took Horse and Hawked over the Country, until he came to Wood- stock-Plain, where he took Coach and arrived here about five of the Clock. The Queen hath not been well these two daies, and the Portugal Chyrurgion was sent for Post, who Let her Blood twice." -" Smith's Protestant Intelligence," No. 16, March -2, i68o-8i. " Oxford, March I7, i68o[-8i] ... This day ye King is gon to Burford to be present at an horse race, and in his return is At this time he was one of the five Grooms of the Bedchamber to the Duke of York, with a salary of L2oo per annum. THE RA CES. treated at ye Lord Clarendons house at Cornbury."-Prideaux Letters, p. 82. In a metrical itinerary by Mathew Thos. Basker- vile, of Bayworth House, Cold Ashton, Gloucestershire, he mentions having attended the races at Burford Downs (now Bibury) about the year i693. After singing the praises of these flowery downs as they appeared in the month of May, he found- "Next for the glory of this place Here has been rode many a race Such Aparitions here apeer As are not seen every where, King Charles the 2d I saw here But I've forgotten in what yeer The Duke of Monmouth here also Made his horse to swet and blow Lovelace, Pembrook & other gallants And Nicholas Bainton on black Sloven Got silver plate, by labor & drudging Sutlers bring Ale, Tobacco, Wine, And this present have a fair time So at last a golden shower, Into Burford town dos power And there, such as will spend may stay For I must jog another way." t 251 Philip Herbert, 7th EARL OF PEMBROKE and 4th Earl of Montgomery, succeeded his half-brother, William (who died unmarried), in I674; he married Henrietta de Querouaille, A parish and village of picturesque appearance, surrounded by the Cotswold Hills, and intersected by the river Coln, six miles from North- leach, and seven north-east from Cirencester station on the Great Western Railway. t Harl MS. 47i6, fo. 7, 8. The author is loud in praise of trout fishing, the inns, the liquor, and the living in the vicinity. 1681.3 15I THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVIL youngest sister of the Duchess of Portsmouth, by whom he had an only daughter, Charlotte, married, ist, to John, Lord Jeffries; and 2ndly, to Thomas, Viscount Windsor. The earl dying thus without male issue, in I683, the family honours devolved upon his only brother Thomas, 8th Earl of Pem- broke and 5th Earl of Montgomery, 252 SIR JOHN LENTHALL, eldest son and successor of Mr. Speaker Lenthall, was M.P. for Gloucester in the Long Parlia- ment, and also for the same place in the Parliament called by Richard Cromwell. Sir John, who was a colonel in the army, governor of Windsor Castle, and one of the six clerks in Chancery, was created a baronet by Oliver Cromwell. He married, ist, Mary, daughter of Sir William Ayshcombe, of Alvercot, Oxon, but had by her no issue. He married, 2ndly, Mary Blewet, relict of Sir John Stonehouse, Bart., by whom he had one son, William, and a daughter, Elizabeth, married to Sir Sandys Fortescue, of Buckland Filleigh, county Devon. Sir John married, 3rdly, Catherine, daughter of Colonel Eusebius Andrews, of Edmonton, Middlesex, but had no further issue. He served the office of sheriff for the county of Oxford in i672, and dying November 9, 168i, was succeeded by his only son, William Lenthall, Esq. 25 Ralph Dutton, Esq., of Sherborne, county of Dorset, M.P. for the county of Gloucester, created a baronet by Charles II., June 22, i678. He died about the year 1721. 25 Henry HydeViscount Cornbury, 2nd EARL OF CLAREN- DON, succeeded his father, the great Lord Chancellor, historian, and politician, in 1674. With regard to the visit paid to him by Charles II., soon after the Burford meeting, above men- tioned, at Clarendon, it may be mentioned that this title was derived from a spacious park, near Salisbury, formerly the site of a royal palace, but more remarkable as the place where Henry II. summoned the great council of peers and prelates, in i i64, from which emanated the celebrated regulations so 152 [681.] NORYTHAMPTON-BRACKLE Y-CIRENCESTER. 153 well known as "The Constitutions of Clarendon," by which the clergy were made amenable to the jurisdiction of the civil power. From those regulations arose the subsequent hostility between Henry II. and St. Thomas a Becket. This Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, was Lord Privy Seal in the first year of James II., but retired from office the next year. At the Revolution he refused to act with the new government, and lived subsequently in retirement. He died October 31, 1709. " These are to Certifie, that there is three Plates to be run for at Harleston-Heath, near Northampton, upon Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday in Easter week next, whereof one will be of 1681. twelve Stone, to the value of 5o. The NorthmptmL Second of Eleven Stone, near the value of 30; The Third of ten Stone, to the value of 20."- The " London Gazette," Feb. A, i68o, No. I589. "Brackley P/ate to be Run for the last Thursday in April, twelve Stone weight, Gentlemen to Ride; it will be worth 5o three Heats and a Course. The next day will be a Plate of Bradkey. X5 Run for, the same Heats and Course, but Ten Stone weight and the Horses to be sold for 30 this Plate is given by the Town of Brackley in the County of Northam.Pton."-The " London Gazette," March ads i68o, No. 1599. Ibid., No. I602. " On Wednesday the i ith of May next, being the day before Holy- Thursday, the Forty Pound Plate will be run for on Sarney-Downs, near Cirencester, in Gloucestershire; Gentlemen to Ride, and Cirenoter. the Horses to carry fourteen Stone Weight." xay. -The " London Gazette," April A, i68i, No. I609. THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVII. " Woodstock Plate, being about 40 price will be Run for on Wednesday the 4th of May next, every Horse, carrying Ten Stone, three Heats; 1C81. and on the Friday following another Plate ''odsy about 30 price, will be Run for there by Horses carrying fifteen Stone, one Heat only. There will be also a Plate given for Hounds running a Train-scent of four Miles, for which any Gentleman may put in a Hound."-The " London Gazette," April 44, i68i, No. i6o8. "On the 3oth past his majestie attended by severall of the nobility, went to Bramstead downs to Ba...ad divert himself with hawking and racing, Downs. and returned [to London] again that even- August. ing."-Luttrell's Diary, vol. i. p. 121. "EA Course is to be Run on the Southside of Lincoln, called the Lady Grantham's Course, on the lneom. second Thursday in October, with liberty for October. Horse, Mare, or Gelding to Run for a Plate worth 20 provided, such Horse, &c., hath eaten no Bread for the space of twelve Months last past, and not otherwise."-The " London Gazette," August la, i68i, No. I644. " Upon 3rd 4th and 5th of May will be Run for in Woodstock-Park in Oxfords/ire, a Ten Stone Plate, 1682. worth above Thirty Pounds, three Heats. Woodsok- A Fifteen Stone Plate, worth as much: As KaY. also a Buck, and Trail Scent for Hounds." -The " London Gazette," April e, ix682, No. 171 I. "Winchester, au/y 25, i682. The Inhabitants of this City being ambitious of the Honour of His WINCHESTER. Majesties Presence and desirous that many of the Nobility and Gentry of this Nation, who are lovers of good Horses and Field-Sports, may meet there to attend Him, and recreate themselves 1682. on their Downs; Have, pursuant to an Winhesur. Agreement in a Common Assembly, writ to a Person of Quality of their Corporation, humbly to propose to His Majesty at Windsor, That in case He would please to intimate, That He had thoughts of honouring their City with His Presence, they would set up a Ten-Stone-Plate for seven years, to be Run for at such times as He should think He might most con- veniently go thither from Windsor, and divert Himself on their Downs. To which His Majesty was gra- ciously pleased to make answer, That he was so well satisfied with the Loyalty of that City, and good Affec- tion and Duty of the Inhabitants, that He resolved to go thither as often in the seven years as His occasions would permit, and appoint the day sevennight after Datchet-feiry Plate (which is Run for on St. Bartholo- mew-day, the 24th of August) for the Plate to be Run for; and for the bettering of it, hath sent the said City Ten Guineas for this Year, and a Promise of the like in every of the other six years. And several Gentle- men to whom the said City hath given their Freedom, and others, have each of them promised to subscribe Two Guineas yearly as Contributions to it. And it being believed that when the design of this Meeting is made publick, several others will contribute, and none of the said Freemen who wish well to the Town will stick out; The Mayor and Alderman have de- 1682.1 I55 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVII. sired, that the chief Conditions of the Articles of this, and a Fifteen-Stone-Plate to be Run for next day, may be herein inserted, that as many as wish well to their Town, or are Incouragers of Sportly Meetings may hereby have notice and come in Contributors to either or both of the aforesaid Plates. "The chief conditions are as follows. Any Man may be a Contributor to either of the Plates, that will subscribe two Guineas to them yearly for seven years: And have the Priviledge of putting in one and but one Horse, Mare, or Gelding for nothing, so as it be really his own; and whoever is not a Contributor, is to pay five Guineas, and whoever puts in either, is then to give in Writing to the Mayor of Winchester, the Colour and Marks thereof, and the Places where they stand, and Names of the Owners a day at least before the day on which each Plate is to be run for, or not to be admitted. ",The Plates are run for 3 times round the Round Heat (and half an hour allowed between each) the day sevennight after Bartholomew day. And the i 5 Stone- Plate the day after. And if His Majesty, upon re- moving sooner or later from Windsor, or any other motive, shall think fitting to alter the days for the following six years, then on such other times in 4ugust or September as He shall signifie his Pleasure by giving notice thereof in the Gazette, a Month before the time now fixt, and at least three Weeks before such time as he shall appoint. "The time of Starting is at four of the Clock in the Afternoon, and His Majesty hath for his own con- 156 WINCHESTER. veniency a Power of altering it to any other hour of the day, upon giving notice thereof to the Mayor of Winchester two days before the day of their Runing, and having it then cryed in the Market-place; And for the conveniency of such as will contribute to either of these Plates, and that they may be brought in accordance to the value of what the Town giveth, and is, and will be given by several Persons of Honour and Quality; it is hereby desired, that such as will contribute to either or both of these Plates, will make known their minds in Writing to Mr. Coward the present Mayor of Winchester, Mr. Francis Child Gold- smith at Temple-Bar, London, or the Honorable Ber- nard Howard of Norfolk (at Mr. Child's Shop) whom the Mayor and Aldermen of Winchester have desired to take the trouble on him of providing this years Plates to be Run for on the last of August, and first of Se.ptember. And the Contributors are desired to pay their respective Contributions of two Guinea's apiece to any of the three persons aforesaid on or before the Twentieth of August for this year, and by the first of August for the following years. And though no man can have the Priviledge of a Con- tributor to either of these Plates, for contributing under two Guineas per Ann (and none but His Majesty gives more) yet any Man may be a Benefactor for contributing any Sum that he shall think fitting, and may signifie his resolution, and pay his money to any of the aforesaid persons."-The " London Gazette," July Af, i682, No. 174I. " It was forgot to be inserted in the last Gazette, 16i82.1 157 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVII. That not only the Horse that comes in first, but the second also, shall win a Plate, and the third, the Non- Contributors Stakes, both for the one and the other Plate; and that the Mayor and Aldermen of Win/on have obliged themselves to set such Rates on Horse- meat and Lodgings, as that from a Fortnight before the said Plates, till a Month after, and all other such meetings, no Person of what Quality soever, shall pay above six pence a night per Horse for the best old Hay, Straw, and Stable-room, nor above eight Pence a Peck for Oats, in any Inn or Publick-house, where no man is to pay any thing for his Lodging, nor above 12 pence a night for a Masters Bed, and 6 pence for a Servant's, in a Private- Lodging; as may be seen more at large by the Town-Articles."-The " London Gazette," No. 1742. "I August 30. His majestie and his royal high- nesse, attended by many of the nobility and gentry set forward from Windsor to Winchester, to see the horse racing there."-Luttrell's Diary, vol. i. p. 215. "1 I682. July 17. Morning, drunk the waters, and returned by noon; in return, upon Chapletown Moor, Chwles IL saw Mr. Sk. and Mr. Sm. ride their own 1682. horses for a wager, which was the first, and, LedS for aught I know, may be the last horse- course ever seen by me." "- Ralph Thoresby's Diary, vol. i. p. 12 9. 25 Ralph Thoresby, the son of John Thoresby, by Ruth, daughter of Ralph Idle, of Bulmer, near York, was born at Leeds, August i6, i658. His father was a merchant, subse- quently a soldier in the Parliamentary forces during the Civil War, and finally a merchant, antiquarian, and virtuoso, residing at Leeds, where he laid the foundation of the museum, which made the name of Thorebsy celebrated, not only in England, but over the continent of Europe. On the sudden death of his father in October, 1677, the concerns and cares of the whole family devolved upon Ralph, who aug- mented his father's collections of coins, medals, curiosities, etc., kept the diary above quoted, and wrote his well-known "Ducatus Leodiensis," "Vicaria Leodiensis," and the cata- logue of his museum. Ralph was rough on the ungodly, and the godly were rough on Ralph, who, in i683, was prosecuted as a Nonconformist. At the date of the extract from his diary, quoted above, Thoresby was on his return from Harro- gate, then a fashionable watering-place. His religious enthu- siasm is exhibited in the following entry, in 1683, from which we incidentally learn that the races at Leeds then attracted a large assembly from London and many other parts of the country, while they emptied the churches, and thus permitted our friend to enjoy a sermon without inconvenience of a crowded congregation: "Such learned, pious, and practical sermons as have been, and yet are preached in public, occa- sioned my frequent attendance upon them, which some hot heads censured me too severely for, and when I could not get in such time to private meetings, as those who came not at church, some confident young fellows would usurp the best places that were most convenient for hearing and writing, excluding several others as well as my self, who are chiefly concerned in supporting the ministry, which at other times they too much slighted (belonging to another congregation); but now in times of restraint flock in multitudes to the great inconvenience of others, which moved my indignation, and though not vented in passionate expressions, yet was inwardly too much resented, for which I was afterwards troubled, and hope repented sincerely. One day, indeed, we had an oppor- tunity of meeting more securely, when the race was at C/tape! Town Moor, to which many came from London, Chester, Newcastle; the Leeds butcher, Edward Preston, being esteemed one, at least, of the best footmen in England. 168L',-' LEEDS. 159 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVII. Three thousand pounds were said to be won by him this day" (Diary, pp. i68, i69). Ralph Thoresby died at Leeds October i6, 1725. Abraham de la Pryme, the Yorkshire antiquary, refers to this famous pedestrian in his diary, s.d. April 30, i694:-" There came hither a while ago newse that the famous butcher of Leeds is going to run a great race on the ioth of next month, for five hundred pound. This man is the miracle of the age for running. His name is Edward Preston, and yet follows his trade, for all he has thousands of pounds by his heels. His common race is ten or twelve miles, which he will easily run in less than an hower. There was a great runner, a Cheshire man by birth, who was the kings footman, who hearing of this man's fame, sent a challenge to him. They both met about Leeds. The Cheshire gentlemen took their countryman's side, and the Yorkshire men took their countryman's side, and 'tis thought that there were five or six thousand spectators upon the spot. Both sides were sure, as they thought, to win, so that many of them layd all they had-houses and lands, sheep and oxen, and everything that would sell. But when they ran, the butcher outrun him half in half, and broke almost the poor fellow's heart, who lived not long after. But there was such work amongst the wagerers that they were almost all fitt to go together by the ears. Many people lost all they had. Many whole families were ruin'd. And people that came a great many miles, that had staked their horses and lost, were forced to go home afoot. This happen'd in the last i60 LEITH-DA TCHET. year of King James. After which he was sent up for to London, by some lord, whose name I have forgott, who kept him there under the name of a miller, and disfigured him so that no one could know him. After that he had kept him a great while, he made a match with another man, a famous runner, telling him his miller should run with him. But, in short, the miller bet and won for his master many thousands of pounds. There are such strange stories told of this man that they are almost incredible; and I believe that Alex- ander's footman, that was so famous, was never com- parable unto him for swiftness. I long to hear what he will win at this raise for there is no fear but he will beat. There is gone four or five hundred people from hereabouts to see him run."-Diary, p. 38. John Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen, Lord High Chan- cellor of Scotland, was a patron of the turf as well as being an enthusiastic hunter, hawker, and a Ch"les I good all round sportsman. In a manuscript 1682. volume of his expenses preserved at Haddo LeWL House, it appears that in July, I 682, 8 8s. was disbursed in going to Leith races. " For weighing the men att Leith that rade Li 8s." " Item, to the two grooms drink money att winning the race at Leith 8 8s." "Item to the Edinburgh officers with the cup 14." "Item to the smith boy plaitt the running horse feet I4s." " Windsor, May 3. It is reported here that the Court will depart for White-Hall, about the Dtohet. beginning of the next Week; this day (Winor.) his Royal Highness went for Scotland, to & Hist. MS. Comms. Rep. v., p. 609. 1682.1 i6i VOL. III. M THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVIL settle some affairs that cannot be discussed without his presence. Yesterday a great Horse Race was run upon the Downs, on which was betted 5oo Guinnys; and this morning two Addresses were humbly presented to his Majesty."-The " Domestick Intelli- gence," May 4, I682, No. 99. "There were severall horseraces at Dotchett ferry, where his majestie and many of the nobility August. were present."-Luttrell's Diary, vol. i. p. 215. "These are to give notice, That the next Week there will be three days Horse-Racing at Quainton- Quainm .Meadow, near Ailesbury, viz., on Wednes- day and Thursday, being the last days of this Instant, August, for two several Plates of good value, given by divers Gentlemen of Quality; and on Friday following, being the first day of September, for a Plate of about Twenty Pounds value, provided by the Town of Aylesbury, according as hath been used for two or three years last past."-The " London Gazette," August 21, I682, No. I749. "In the south-eastern part of the parish is a fine level meadow, which, with part of the common fields adjacent, and another in Waddesdon was brought into celebrity as a race- course, not long after the introduction into England, of that sport, by Thomas Earl of Wharton, whose son Philip, the accomplished but dissipated Duke, was likewise an ardent patron of such amusements, and whose celebrity is still (I847) kept up in the neighbourhood by a remarkably fleet breed of roans, the progeny of a noted winning horse belonging to his Grace: but the races in Quainton Meadow have been discontinued for more than a century.'-" The Hist. and Antiq. of Bucks," vol. i. p. 362, by Dr. Lipscomb. x62 1HYDE PARK-NORTHAMPTON. The mansion house of the Whartons at Winchendon com- manded a full view of a very commodious level in the neighbouring parishes of Quainton and Waddesdon, which was the scene of the sport there. It is now the property of Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild. " In the Grove, or Wilderness, on the eastern verge of the gardens, is a small turreted brick building, originally erected by Thomas, Marquis of Wharton, for the residence of a favourite lady. Its situation, though solitary, commanded a remarkably fine view, embracing the Race-course in Quainton- meadow, and the adjacent fields, about two miles distant." -" The Hist. and Antiq. of Bucks," vol. i. p. i67. "On the 22 Instant a great Horse- Race is expected to be run in Hide-Park, 2 heats for 200 Gunies, His Majesty, his Royal Highness, and many of Charles m the Nobility intending to be present.'-The r1682.Pak "Loyal Impartial Mercury," September By, septmber- I682, No. 30. " On the first Wednesday in September next will be a Plate at Rothwell-Slade of the value of Ten pounds, the Winning Horse to be sold at the price Bothw.U- of Ten Pounds, and to carry ten Stone lade, Northampton- weight, 3 Heats, 2 Miles each Heat. And 1idre. the day after being the 7th of September September. will be the usual Plate for Horses, which must carry twelve Stone, Gentlemen only being permitted to ride, 3 Heats four mile a Heat: What Horse, Mare, or Gelding intends a share therein, must be at Rothwell- Town three weeks before the day on which the Plate is run for."-The " London Gazette," June Aj, i682, No. 1729. The Rev. Dr. Fowler, writing to the Rev. Dr. 1682.] x63 4 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVIL. William Bell, Vicar of St. Sepulchre's in London, and Charles IL chaplain to the king, July 26, 1682, mentions, 1682. W&laey. inter alia, that the Whigs t were of late very September. much given to horse-racing in Staffordshire, Cheshire, and Lancashire. " I remember," he continues, " when Oliver usurped the Dominion, the Loyall Gentry used to meet at Horseraces, and Cockmatches, under colour whereof they drove on some designe for the recovery of theyr liberty, which made Oliver forbid all such meetings. I was yesterday amongst a knott of Loyall Gentlemen, it being our bowling day: where the discourse was that the Duke of Monmouth intended to come into Staffordshire and Chesire and bee at Wallacy horse-race, which will bee very shortly." The writer adds that his part of the country was very rotten and full of potent Whigs and malcontents; and in Staffordshire one Mr. Offley promised to entertain the Duke of Monmouth at the expense of 5o0 when his Grace arrived there for the races.1 In another letter from the reverend gentleman to one of the Ministers of State, probably Lord Conway, dated August i6th, he gives further particulars of the approaching visit of the Duke of Monmouth to Staffordshire with a list of the notable Whigs by whom he was to be entertained. He then says, "Wallacy horse-race (the most famous of all these parts, and to which there is usually great resort from the next Now called New Brighton, a fashionable suburb near Liverpool, situated on the right side of the Mersey. t Rapin dates the rise of Whig and Tory from this period (" Hist. Eng.," Tindal's Translation, sub anno). t State Papers, Dom., Bundle 263, No. 520 (June), MS., P. R 0. i64 WALLASE Y. adjoining Countyes) will be on the 2d Tuesday or 2d Thursday (I cannot certaynly learn whether) of the next moneth. The Place is in the Wirhall in the bottome of Cheshire." It is evident the plot, if plot it were, which Dr. Fowler conjectured to be in course of incubation set the officials in motion; as we notice in a letter from the Governor of Chester Castle, dated September 3, to Secretary Jenkins, reporting that the Duke of Monmouth was at Trentane; that his Grace was expected at Nantwich on the following Friday,where there were bespoke sixty ordinaries at half a crown and fifty at eighteen-pence against his coming; that he was expected to arrive at Chester on Saturday; that he was to be the guest of the Mayor until Monday, " the races being not till Tuesday at Wallesey."f This communi- cation appears to have been sent to Windsor and submitted by Lord Conway to the king, who made light of any serious " rising amongst the Whiggs," and then rode out hawking, probably wishing himself with his favourite son at his favourite amusement. In the meantime Monmouth was pursuing the even tenour of his way. Leaving Coventry on Thursday, he arrived at Lichfield about one o'clock on Friday, "and although there was then in the Town a numerous assembly of Gentlemen of Quality who came to see an Horsrace there, and many of them in ye house where ye Duke lighted, yet not one or two of them went to wait on his Grace." He next proceeded with post horses to Stone, where he was received by Mr. Leveson Gower and some other friends, and thence to Trentham, t Ibid., No. 135 (Sept.). 1682.] Ibid., No. 65 (August)- THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVII where he supt and lay that night." On September ioth he arrived at Chester, and was very cordially re- ceived by the gentry and with acclamation by the people. When Monmouth arrived at Chester it was pro- posed to postpone the races at Wallesey until the day after the races promoted in opposition by the Tories came off in Delamere Forest. Other counsels, how- ever, prevailed; and it was then decided by the Whigs to turn the tables on their opponents. This feat was to be accomplished by entering a horse for their Plate: if successful, the honours of the day would be with the Whigs. Negotiations were opened with Hon. Thomas Wharton (afterwards Earl and Marquis of Wharton), and one of his horses was selected to carry confusion into the enemy's camp. So the horse was despatched to the scene of action; the race run; the victory easily achieved. Thanks to the political surroundings, we are enabled to give a pretty good account of the races at Wallesey. Monmouth arrived on the Monday morning, and re- mained there that night. Next day the Mayor of Chester, with a troop of forty horsemen and a large concourse of people, went from the Palatial City to the race-course. The first Plate was for 60; it was won by the Duke's horse (owner up); Young Whitely, ridden by its owner, was second; Mr. Bould's horse, ridden by the Hon. Henry Booth, was third; and Bettingham last. Each horse carried I 2 stone. Mon- mouth offered to lay iooo on his horse, but nobody Charles King to -, State Papers, Dom., Bundle 263. z66 WALLASEY RACES. would take him. The Plate of 30 was won by Mr. Booth, the other horses in this race being the property of Lord Derby, Lord Molineux's son, and Mr. B. Mingham. Afterwards Lord Derby'st horse won his match; and Mr. Booth carried off a similar event from Mr. Banister. Then the Duke had two foot-races with Mr. Cutts of Cambridgeshire: "the first striped, and after in his boots," in both of which he was successful. The Tories also indulged in this amusement when Sir Philip Egerton's boy won the tumbler (Ang/ice cup), and to the " black " was awarded "the velvet cap with the king's colours in it." Among other incidents at this meeting it may be mentioned that " Kit Bannister," apparently one of the local gentry, who, at the time, was " very infirm," erected a " high seat" or stand on the course to see the races. This structure was deemed objection- able, and in the night cut down, whereupon Kit was very wroth; the Duke was very indignant at the outrage, and every one denied having hand, act, or part in the transaction. The receipt of the news of Monmouth's victory at Delamere Forest and Wallasey, was received in Chester with acclamation, which became rapturous on the arrival of the victor, while his horse was led through the city in triumph. Bonfires blazed, the joybells pealed, and unfortunately some prominent Tories had Henry Booth was eldest son of Lord Delamere, a J.P. and custos rotulorum. He was one of the leaders of the northern rising at the Revolution. t Lord Derby, Alderman, and elected Mayor of Chester, Oct. 17, I668. -State Papers, Dom., Bundle 253, No. 247. 1682.J i67 i68 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVIT. their windows broken by the mob. The Mayoress illuminated the Mansion-house, where her lord soon after arrived, accompanied by the Duke and many friends, who were entertained with all the hospitality peculiar to bodies corporate. The infant daughter of the Mayor was then christened; the Duke, being sponsor, presented the babe with the Plate he had so valiantly won that day on Wallasey course. All these and similar occurrences were duly noted down, and sent to the bureau of the principal Secretary of State at Whitehall.t "' A memoir of his reception at Chester mentions several of Monmouth's arts to gain popularity, not unworthy of notice. The infant of the mayor was christened Henrietta, his Grace condescending to be sponsor. The following day the duke is said to have rode his own horse and won the plate at Wallasey, and in the evening to have presented it to his god- daughter."-Ormerod, note. Sir Peter Shakerley,4 the Governor of Chester "In the middle of August, James, Duke of Monmouth, came to Chester.... On Thursday, the 25 of the said month, the duke went to the horse-races at Wallasey in Wirral, which meeting served as a rendez- vous for his friends in this part of the Kingdom, a junto of whom sat in consultation in the summer-house at Bidston, where was concerted that in- surrection, which was afterwards attended with such fatal consequences." -Cowper's MS., quoted by Dr. Ormerod, " Hist. Chester," vol. i. p. 210. t There was no secrecy about Monmouth's journey into Cheshire and the adjoining counties. His intended departure was duly announced in the newspapers at the time, and it was a topic of conversation at the Winchester races. On his arrival at Chester he sent for his race-horses, as he intended to " divertise himself in these parts for a month, and then to go to Chichester."-The " Domestick Intel.," Sept. A, No. 136. (See the " London Mercury," No. 48.) t Shakerley seems to have been a frequenter of Newmarket. In a letter to the Earl of Sunderland, dated Chester Castle, Feb. 7, 1684-5, he SCENES ON THE COURSE. Castle, in pursuance to the instructions of Secretary Jenkins, went to Wallasey to keep his eye on the pro- ceedings of the Monmouth party, and subsequently to report to Whitehall upon what transpired. In his despatch dated Sept. i6, the governor tells how he went to supper at the Ordinary, presided over by his Grace, when Monmouth's health was proposed and drunk before the king's. After the repast, Sir John Corbet,"5 Mr. John Mainwaring, Mr. Stafford, and others, came in with a plain design to pick a quarrel with the governor; but he beforehand resolved to take all things patiently, except blows, and as no blows were exchanged, the threatened fracas passed harmlessly away in political toasts, contempt for the clerical party, and confusion to the Tories. " The meeting of a great many Gentlemen at ye Forest that day ye Race was at Wallasey, caus'd some further discourcs to these Gentle- men; who say'd 'twas very unmannerly to appoint such a meeting at that time when they should have pay'd their Respects to the King's son. . . ." He then records that " On Tuesday his Grace ridd for and wonn ye 12 stone Plate. As his Grace went up ye Cours to ride, Mr. Henery Booth who ridd Mr. Bould's hors was observed to ride up, to bow, and say something to him, upon wch his Grace embraced him very kindly." After the race the Duke went to Lord Derby's tent and partook of refreshments; the party then crossed over says: " The promis I made your Lordship at Collonell Warden's table at Newmarkett of some Namptwitch Cheese, shall be faithfully performed soe soon as the place affords it. They had soe little last dry summer, that 'twas all sould by that time 'twas made."-Facsimiles of National Manu- script, Part IV. No. 75. 1682.] 169 170 THE HIS TORY OF NE WMARKET. [BooK XVI. to Liverpool, where they made a night of it, drinking and gaming. On the following day he says they returned to Wallasey, when " his grace stay'd ye Heats for ye 2d Plate wch Mr. Booth wonn; " the same gentle- man had another race with Lord Derby,2"7 the result of which the Governor of Chester Castle does not record. Voluminous documents are still extant relating to the movements of Monmouth from the time of his departure on September 5th to Cheshire, "to divert himself with racing for some time; " t until the date of his arrival in London under arrest on a charge of fomenting rebellion.: These informations we need not further refer to; suffice it to say that the Duke was brought to trial and acquitted on October 23. Soon after he went abroad, and although some of his horses continued on the turf, he did not return to England until June, i685.11 The rebellion which he then headed was soon suppressed by James II. Monmouth was beheaded on Tower Hill, July 15, i685. m Sir John Corbet, Bart, the eldest of twenty children of State Papers, Dorm, Charles II., 1682, Sept., Bundle 264, No. 314. t Luttrell's Diary, vol. i. p. 216. t " Soon after his Grace went into Cheshire, where he had the good Fortune to Win the Plate at a Horse Race at Walesey, which fill'd the whole Town with unexpresible Joy, and occasion'd his Grace's Enemies, to do all that lay in their Powers to render him odious to his Royal Father, and carried their malice to such a pitch of Spight and Villany; that as he was going to Stafford, in order to return to London; his Grace was surprized and taken into the Custody of a Serjeant at Arms, by vertue of a Warrant, from Sir Lionel Jenkins Principal Secretary of State."-" The Whole Life and Glorious Actions of James, Duke of Monmouth," London, i685, 4t0. See "The Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland," by Sir John Dalrymple, Bart., Part I. Book I. voL i. p. 13. 11 Cf. p. i86. S T. GERMA INS. the patriotic Sir John Corbet, of Stoke, and his wife Anne, daughter of Sir George Mainwaring, Knt., of Ightfield, county Salop. Sir John, 2nd Baronet, married Letitia, daughter of Sir Robert Knollys, Knt., of Gray's Court, county Oxford, grandson of Sir Francis Knollys, K.G., by whom he had an only son and successor, Sir John, the 3rd Baronet. 257 William Richard George Stanley, 9th EARL OF DERBY, was Lord-Lieutenant of Lancashire in i676, removed under James IL, and reappointed, with the Lord-Lieutenancy of Cheshire, October 17, i688. He married Elizabeth Butler, daughter of Thomas, Earl of Ossory, and died without issue, November 5, 1702, when the Barony of Strange, by writ i628, fell into abeyance between his two daughters and co-heiresses, Henrietta and Elizabeth; the latter died unmarried, I714, on which the Barony devolved upon her sister, who died IPI8, leaving John, Lord Ashburnham, an only daughter and heiress, Anne, who died unmarried, 1732, which now fell to her uncle James, who succeeded his brother in the Earldom. The 9th Earl of Derby took considerable interest in the welfare of the turf in Lancashire and Cheshire. He patronized the cock- pit which was constructed by his ancestor, William Stanley, the 6th Earl (see vol. i. p. 333), in Chester, of which city he was an Alderman, and served the office of Mayor in 1669. Although the Wallasey meeting of September, I 682, brought Monmouth's career, as a jockey, on the English turf to a triumphant end, he sustained his prowess in our national pastime, at least on one memorable occasion, while in exile abroad. Early in the following year Louis XIV., who en- deavoured to institute horse racing in France, gave a Plate, worth i ooo pistoles, to be run for at Echere, near ST. GERMAINS, for which it appears some of the best horses throughout Europe were entered. The animal selected by Monmouth to do battle for England was a 1683.1 171 172 THE HISTORY O0i NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVI. gelding, the propertyof Hon.Thomas Wharton, which the Duke rode and achieved a brilliant victory. Louis XI V. was most anxious to buy the winner; and although he offered its weight in gold for the horse Wharton would not sell it; but offered to make the king a present of it, which his Majesty declined with thanks.t The race created a sensation at the time, and gave rise to other versions, somewhat different to the above, which we append.- " On the other side, the Duke of Monmouth and his Party were contriving and entering into secret and desperate Methods. Since the Departure of the Earl of Shaftsbury, his Grace was now more effectually the Head of that Party, and every Accident was turn'd as much as possible to the pro- moting his Popularity. About the Beginning of this Year there happen'd a small Transaction beyond the Sea, which made his Name more discours'd of than at other Times: The Horses of England are valuable and famous on many Accounts, and among others for Racing; and it was upon this Consider- ation the French King invited into France the most noted Racers from several countries, by exposing a Plate, or Prize, of a Thousand Pistoles, to be run for before him, in the Plain d'Echre, near St. Germain en lay. And accordingly on the 25th of February, N.S. the said Race was Run before the King, Queen, and Dau pine, by several famous Horses, where the Duke of Monmouth's Horse won the Prize; and was after- wards purchas'd by the French King. This seem'd to add to Louis XIV. excelled in sports and exercises: he loved the air, loved to be much out of doors, and was the best shot in France. He used to follow the stag at Fontainebleau, after he broke his arm, in a cal&he drawn by four ponies, which he managed at full gallop with admirable skill. Connected with his fondness for shooting was his attachment to dogs, of which he used to keep seven or eight in his apartments, and feed them himself. He died in 1715, aged 77. t " Memoirs of the Life of the Most Noble Thomas, late Marquis of Wharton," London, I715. 8 7AMES, DUKE OF MONMO UTH. the Fame of the Duke; and the French King himself, partly upon this Account, was pleas'd at that Time to countenance the Honourable Bernard Howard Esquire, a younger Brother of the Duke of Norfolk, so far as to allow him to come in his Coach within the Louvre it self; a Preheminence due only to the Princes of the Blood, and some few others of the highest quality in France." - Echard's "Hist. Eng.," third edit., London, 1720, vol. ii. p. 1024 b. "About this time was run in France, before the King, queen &c. a great horse race, between severall horses of diverse nations, for iooo pistolls; the duke of Monmouths horse wonn the race considerably."-Luttrell's Diary, vi. p. 250. The despatches of E. H. Lord Preston from Paris at this time do not contain any particulars of the race. Writing on March 6th, he says: "Mr. Bernard Howard is very well received here and according to his quality hath received also a considerable present from the King; perhaps an account may be given of some things which he hath sayd here, of the particulars of which I am not well informed yet."-State Papers, Foreign, France, Bundle 301, No. 244. Cypher de- ciphered. MS., P. R. 0. As we have already seen in these Annals, the name of the DUKE OF MONMOUTH figures in connection with the turf from I663 to the time of his banishment in 1682, and, indeed, during his exile we find him carrying off the honours of the turf on the Continent against all comers. James, Duke of Monmouth, the eldest illegitimate son of Charles II. by Lucy Walters, was born at Rotterdam on the 9th of April, 1649.' His guardian was Lord Crofts, whose surname he bore till the Restoration. When Queen Henrietta returned to England, in January, i662, she took "young Crofts " with her in her train, and introduced him to the voluptuous court of her son. He was presented to Charles at Hampton Court, who, struck with his singular grace and beauty, was unable to conceal his pride and gratification. " The Duchess of Cleveland," says the Count De Grammont, " was quite out of humour with the According to Stienman's " Memoirs of Lucy Walters," Monmouth was more probably the son of Colonel Robert Sydney. 1683.] 173 174 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKETl [BOOK XVII. King, the children she had by his Majesty were like so many little puppets, compared with this new Adonis." The same year he was created Duke of Orkney, and on the 25th of February following, Duke of Monmouth. At this time he enjoyed an annuity of 600o a year, and grants of valuable building land in the parish of St. Martin in the Fields, with other profitable emoluments and privileges too diffuse to mention, in various parts of the country, " per Mandate Regis." Apartments were prepared for him at Whitehall Palace; he was allowed a retinue and equipages befitting an heir-apparent; he took his seat in the House of Peers, and in April, i663, was installed a Knight of the Garter. At this time, his personal appearance is minutely depicted by the Count de Grammont and Madame Dunois, and is a very flattering one. His habits were in keeping with the time, as he was foremost in all the wild frolics and dissipations of the period. On his return from Newmarket spring meeting in i663, his father married him to Lady Anne Scott, sole daughter of Francis, Earl of Buc- cleugh, the wealthiest heiress in the three kingdoms, on whom, however, a pension of .4000 was settled, which she enjoyed for her sole use till her death. In a few years he became Chief Justice in Eyre (Jan. I4, i672), Governor of Hull (April 12, i673), Master of the Horse (July 31, i674), a General in the Army, Gentleman of the Bedchamber, Captain of the Life Guards,t Chancellor of the University of Cambridge,: Civil List Books, to A.D. 1702. MS., P. R. 0. t The king appointed him to the first troop of Life Guards on the 29th of September, i668, in Hyde Park. He presented him at the same time with a saddle, which is still preserved in the family of Buccleugh. William IV. expressed a wish to see this interesting relic, and it was accordingly sent from Dalkeith to London for his Majesty's inspection. t The annexed is a specimen of Monmouth's functions as Chancellor of the University of Cambridge:- " These are to Certify my consent that M' John Jones may sue for his Majl" letters mandatory to the Vniversity of Cambridge for creating him Doctor of Physick on condition of performing the Exercises requisite to that degree; or cautioning for the same. Given under my hand at New- markett this 9th day of October, i678. " MONMOUTH." -State Papers, Dom., s.d., Bundle 249 (422), No. 84 (266), MS., P. R. O. 1663-1685.] _7AMES, DUKE OF MONMOUTH. and, in right of his young duchess, Great Chamberlain of Scotland. In I665 the Duke of Monmouth was engaged in the great sea fight in which the Dutch Admiral Opdam was blown up in his flag-ship. He went through the Dutch campaign in i672, and on his return to London received an ovation. In 1676 he led the storming party at the siege of Maestricht, where he displayed great gallantry and discretion. In i678 he was employed with the Dutch against the French, in which his conduct and courage won the entire satisfaction of the Prince of Orange, then perhaps the best judge in Europe of military science. His next military service was in i679, when he was sent with full powers to quell the insurrection in Scotland, which he accomplished with great humanity. About this period the unpopularity of James, Duke of York, and the general outcry for a bill to exclude him from the succession to the throne, on account of his being a Roman Catholic, opened a wide field for Monmouth's ambition, and, in a great measure, he became the tool of Shaftesbury and his faction. His pretended claims of being the legitimate son of Charles II., the Duke of York's temporary banishment to Brussels, the affair of the Black Box, and the king's repudia- tion, are current historical events that do not lie within our province to relate. Suffice it to say, that in this race between the heirs-apparent to the throne, James of Monmouth was beaten by James of York, who appeared to be gradually be- coming all-powerful at court, while Monmouth was left out in the cold shade, having been deprived of his post of Captain- General, and of the governorship of Hull, and ordered to with- draw himself into Holland. In i682, Monmouth, having in vain solicited his recall, determined on returning to England without permission, and in face of every danger. Such was his exceeding popularity that though it was midnight when he. entered London, the watch took it upon themselves to arouse the sleeping inhabi- tants by announcing to them the return of their idol. Within an hour or two the church-bells were ringing their joyous peals, and bonfires blazed in the streets. Charles instantly 175 176 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BK XVII. sent a preparatory message to his disobedient son to return to Holland. Instead, however, of obeying, he set out on that political-racing progress through the disturbed districts of Lan- cashire, Staffordshire, Worcestershire, and Cheshire, previously detailed, which culminated with his arrest at Stafford. On the 22nd of January, i68i, Monmouth was deprived of his post of Master of the Horse, which was conferred on commissioners in trust for his half-brother, the young Duke of Richmond; and the following year the king expressed his pleasure to the University of Cambridge, that they should choose another chancellor in place of Monmouth; and ac- cordingly, his former wild, racing companion, Christopher, Duke of Albemarle, was selected (by royal command, at Newmarket), to succeed him. Eary in the ensuing year, Monmouth was the lion of the court of Louis XIV., and the hero of the royal race meeting at St Germains. After this brilliant achievement he returned to England for the New- market spring meeting, and became implicated in the Rye House Plot, through which Russell, Algernon Sidney, and many others lost their heads. Monmouth's share in the con- spiracy was at least equal to that of Russell and Sidney; indeed, as he seems to have had an eye to the crown, his guilt was undoubtedly more flagrant. The duke, however, more for- tunate than his colleagues, effected his escape, through, as is presumed, the connivance of his royal father; and some time after became reconciled with both the king and his uncle. Accordingly, Monmouth was once more received into favour, and permitted to attend the court. But this happy state of affairs was of short duration. Monmouth not only suffered his old friends-men inimical to the court and to the tran- quillity of the nation-to flock to his presence, but the fact of his having admitted his errors was even confidently denied by his partisans. He failed to disguise his fanaticism, and his father finally pronounced his banishment on the day Sidney was led to the block. During the interval which preceded the death of Charles, Monmouth resided principally in Hol- land. James, on his accession to the throne, had sufficient influence with his son-in-law, the Prince of Orange, to procure Monmouth's expulsion from Holland; and accordingly he withdrew to Brussels, where he seems to have cultivated letters, until the fatal moment when, by the persuasion of his friends, he undertook the rash invasion of England, which terminated by his losing his life on the scaffold. It is un- necessary to refer to this expedition, which terminated in the defeat of his partisans, his arrest, imprisonment in the Tower, trial, and execution on the i5th of July, i685, in the thirty-sixth year of his age. Such is the summary of Mon- mouth's brief and brilliant career. As a horseman, either in the great or little saddle, he had few equals and no superior. He was an intrepid sportsman, and gloried in running the stag to bay and then despatching it with his sword. His stud contained some of the best horses of the time, and after his fall it was dispersed at the Hague, when Tanckard-famous on the turf some time after-was purchased by Lord Yarmouth from the Duke of Lixemburg for six hundred dollars. "On Tuesday the sixt day of March next is a Plate to be run for at Farndon t in Cheshire, of the value of Twenty pounds, given by the In- chwi. L. habitants and Neighbours of that Place this first year, afterwards to be maintained for arch. ever from a Subscription, and of a greater value accord- ing as Contributors do augment the Stock. Every Horse is to carry ten Stone, and to ride 3 Miles 3 Heats; All Strangers are to pay five pounds if they come in, and five pounds more if they win the Plate, according to the Articles; All such that pay not their Subscription-Money before that day, shall be looked Frere MS., Raydon Hall, Norfolk. t A parish and township on the eastern bank of the Dee, belonging to the Duke of Westminster. The birth-place of John Speed, the eminent chronologist, historian, and antiquary; born in 1555, died in 1629. VOL. III. N 1683.] FARAWON. 177 178 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVII. upon as Strangers."-The" London Gazette," February , I682[-31 No. 1798- "At this time there were races in the city of Durham, as appears from an entry in the register of Charies n. St. Nicholas' parish, wherein it is stated 1l83. that Simon Lackenby had "to give ten Durham ApriL shillings towards a silver plate for a course." -Syke's "Local Records," vol. i. p. I I8, Newcastle, i833. " April, i683. It is ordered, that Simon Lackenby is to keep in lieu of his intercommon ground, one suf- ficient bull for the use of the city and borough Kyne, for three years next ensuing; and to give ten shillings towards a silver plate for a course." - Parochial Register of St. Nicholas, Durham; "Historical and Descriptive View of Durham," by G. Allan, p. 39, Durham, i824. "d There will be two Plates run for upon a Heath near the Town of Wakefield, in Yorkshire, upon the Wakedi third Wednesday and Thursday in August Yorkshire. next; the first Plate, to be run for on August. Wednesday, of the value of 30 Pounds, Riding ten Stone weight, besides Saddle and Bridle, and the second, to be run for upon Thursday, of the value of fifteen Pounds, Riding ten Stone weight, with allowance of Saddle and Bridle."-The " London Gazette," Feb. 22j, I 682[-3], No. I802. With Newmarket in ruins, the attention of turfites was directed to Winchester, where the September Surtees, writing in i82o, incidentally mentions that "the first races on the present course at Durham were in the reign of Charles II." 1683.] WAKEFIELD- WILCESTER-DELAMERE. I79 meeting was about to commence under most favourable auspices. The king, the Duke of York, the principal ministers, and a great concourse of nobility and gentry assembled to attend the races. What Charle II. transpired is now forgotten; at any rate, we l.683 Winchester. have been unable to find any record of those September. proceedings. The Earl of Sunderland, in a despatch to Mr. Secretary Jenkins, dated Winchester, September 2, mentions that all the royal family were " in good health and much pleased with this place." He makes no allusion to the races, merely remarking that the king and the Duke of York had gone to Southampton for a few days' yachting, and returned on the 7th, and that " His Majesty is extremely pleased with the Country and with the building which is like to goe on as fast as the Treasury will permit." On the 2ist he says: " I have no news to write from hence but that we are like to be heere twice a yeare: the King growing fonder of his building every day." On the 25th the court returned to Whitehall. The expenses attending this sojourn of the king and queen at Winchester in the months of August and September was Li 755 19s. ioWd., while the extra- ordinary cost of the royal stables during the visit was 229 4S. 2-d.t We learn from Sir Roger L'Estrange, that the Tories celebrated their annual race meeting Delamere in Delamere Forest in the autumn of i683:- Obestbie. "They began the 12th Instant, with Hunting. Two 0 State Papers, Dom., Bundle 445,446. Luttrell's Diary, sub anno. t Cofferer's Accounts, Rot., sed. I8O THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVI. Packs of Hounds, were cast off at once, upon the Skirts of the Forrest, One a Great way from the Other: The Gentlemen Falling-in, as they took the Sport in their Way. After Each Pack had run down their Game, there was a Lusty Whoo-up made by the Followers, and the Company, being Numerous, Repaired in two Bodies, of about a Thou- sand Horse to the Tories Tent. (Beside a great many more that met them there.) In the Principall Tent, were 2 Clodds, Cut in the Form of Long Tables, above 40 yards a peice in Length, with a Walk between, for the Waiters. These Tables were Furnished with Variety of Cold Meats, Plates, Napkins, Bottles, and Glasses, in very Good Order. There were severall Noble-Men, Baronets, Knights, and other Persons, of Condition, who sat down Promiscuously as they came; the Whole Entertainment was Summ'd-up, into a Solemity of Congratulation for the Kings, Dukes, and Kingdoms Deliver- ance from the Rage, and Malice of a PHANATICAL CON- SPIRACY. The severall Healths of their Majesties, R. High- nesses, Prince and Princess, with others of the Nobility and Principal Officers; aud one General Health to ALL THAT HEARTILY LOVE THE KING AND HIS BROTHER, went about with Huzza's, Musick, Trumpets, and Hunters Horns: Concluding with the Repetition of his MAJESTIES H EALTH. " After This, they rose to see the Races, viz. Two Horse- Races; One a Match; The Other for a Saddle: And two Foot-Races for Two Plates: and so Parted for their Severall Homes. "There were some Fourteen Tents, or Booths, near the Principal Tent; and severall Wagons of Provisions for the Occasion. There Pass'd not One Unkind, or Mis-becoming XVord or Action, the Whole Day: Nay, the very Mobile were Converted by Example; and struck in with THEIR Acclama- tions too. The Gentlemen had, for Distinction, Shoulder- Knots of Purple Points: and in fine; It was all, STERLING ROYALTY; and Every man's Heart was read in his Counte- nance."-The " Observator," Sept. 17, i688, NO. 41 1. 1683-1684.] NORTHAMPTON-KENIL WORTH. " At Rothwell Slade in the County of Northampton, the two usual plates will be run for on the first Wednesday and Thursday in September; Charl.. IL for the Thursdays Plate each Horse to 1683. Rothwell carry I2 Stone, Gentlemen only to ride, Slade. three Heats, four Mile each Heat; the Notha-Pton- Horses are obliged to be at Rothwell Town Beptember three Weeks before the day: For the Wednesdays Plate each Horse to carry ten Stone weight, two mile each Heat; what Horse runs for it, is obliged to be at Rothwell ten days before the day of the Race."-The "' London Gazette," August 6, i683, No. I 849. " This is to give Notice, That on the i6th of April, there is a Twelve Stone Plate of Twenty Guinea's value to be run for on the White Moore ISO. near Kennilworth in the County of War- WhiteXoor, wick, it being three Heats, each Heat being worm four Miles."-The " London Gazette," April. Feb.i148, i683[-4], No. i964. "Three Heats will be run for a Plate of the value of Forty pounds on Clifford Moore nigh Weatherby, on Thursday in Easter-week, by any Ston'd cord Horse, Mare, or Gelding carrying Ten xoor, Weatherby. Stone weight."-The " London Gazette," Apr. December -l, I683, No. i886. " The Horse-Course at Cliffords Moore in York- shire, will be run on the 23 of April next, being Thursday in Easter Week, for two considerable Plates above /5o value, to ride Ten Stone weight three Heats (three miles each Heat) the greater Plate for the 182 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVam. first Horse, the other for the second."-The " London Gazette," March Ai, i684, No. 20i6. " These are to give notice, that there will be a Plate run for one Heat, of about four Miles, by Horses, Charies i. Mares, or Geldings, that never ran for Doate above Five Pounds aside, or for a Plate of July. above Ten Pounds value before: And also a second Plate Three Heats by Horses, Mares, or Geldings, not exceeding Ten Pounds value, on Wednesday 23d day of July next, at a place called Doncaster Old Horse Course near Doncaster in the County of York, the first Horses to be shown and entered a week before for this year, but for the Future a Month before; and the day after (being a Fair) there will be a show of Horses."-The "London Gazette," June Hi, i684, No. I938. " The Founders of the Plate to be run for the 23d day of July next at Doncaster Old Horse Course in the County of York, having lately met to settle the same, have agreed that the Horses, Mares, or Geld- ings, which run for the first Plate, shall be such as never run before for Stakes of above io, or a Plate of above that value, and not to exceed the price of 4o, and that the second Plate to be run for by Horses, Mares, or Geldings not exceeding the price of io with eight Stone weight; Whereof all Persons that intend to run any Horse there, are to take notice." -Ibid., June 2j, No. 1941t The insurgent army in the reign of Elizabeth mustered on Clifford Moor with four thousand foot and six hundred horse (see areta). t Richard Blome, in his Britannica, does not refer to the races in his description of Doncaster, which he says was (about the year 1673) "a 1684.] DONCASTER-QUAINTON- WOODSTOCK. " A Plate to be run for in Quainton Meadow near Aylesbury in Bucks, the day before the last Thursday in August, which will be worth near 40. harles IL The weight 12 Stone, every Horse, Mare or 1.C gelding that runs for the plate, must be Augut. shewed and have his Name entered at the George Inn in Aylesbury between the hours of 3 and 5 in the Afternoon on Thursday before the first Thursday in August; otherwise shall not be permitted to run; Nor no horse, &c, that will not be sold for 35 Guinea's before Starting, or that has run for any other Plate, or for any sum of Money above 20. The winning Horse &c., to be sold to the second for 25 Guinea's. And there will be another Plate of io value the last Thursday in August. The weight ii Stone."-The "London Gazette," August A, i684, No. I953. "These are to give Notice that on the i th of September next, there will be a Plate of near 40 value, run for in Woodstock-Park, the w k- Horses to carry 13 Stone, three Heats round Park. a Four mile Course; and are any of them Sotr. upon demand obliged to be sold for One hundred Pounds; and if any Person not a Contributor, will put in a Horse, he is to pay s towards the next Years Plate. Also on the i6th and 17th days of the same Month, a Buck and Doe will be run for, the large well-built and inhabited Town Corporate, governed by a Maior and Alderman; is honoured by giving the Title of Earldom to his Grace 7ames Duke of Monmouth, Earl of Doncaster &-c., it enjoyeth a good trade, especially for Stockings, knit Waistcoates, Petticoates, and Gloves; and hath a very good Market for corn, cattle, provisions, &-c., on Satur- days." 183 184 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVIL Winning Horse to be sold for 20 if demanded. Also upon the same days there will be two Plates run for Hounds the Four miles Course, the one of io the other of 5 price."-The " London Gazette," August 2 , I 684, No. 1958. Charles IL "Windsor, August 26. This day their WiMChester Majesties and the whole Court removed September. hence to Winchester."-The "London Gazette," No. 1959. " Winchester, August 2. The Inhabitants of this City are preparing all things for His Majesty's Recep- tion; and the present Mayor hath got a Subscrip- tion of about 8o sterling for the raising of a third double Plate to be run for on these Downs (three Heats and io Stone) on the second Friday in Sep- tember by the same Articles as the Io stone Plate is to be run for on the last Thursday of this Month, with this difference. That neither of the Horses which shall win the first i o Stone or i5 Stone Plate on the last Thursday or Friday of this Month, shall be admitted to run for it. That whosoever is a Contributor to any of these Plates may put in a Horse for nothing, and he that is not, must pay two Guinea's for putting him in, the whole with a fourth part of what is gathered of the said Subscription are to go to the second best Horse for this Plate; and The Court returned to Windsor on the 25th of September.-Luttrell. This was the king's last visit to Winchester. "To M' Charles Dingley for ye Rent of Doctor Beestons House in Winchester being twice taken there in the years 1683 & 1684 at 1" for each time of Residence by warr'; dated y' XXvt' of Octor. 1684 ... . C1'." -Audit Office Records, Declared Accounts, Bundle 405, Rot. i26. WINCHESTER. because several that have Subscribed and promised to Contribute to the two first Plates, have not yet paid their contribution, It is desired that they will pay it with all speed either to Mr. Bernard Howard of Nor- folk (the present steward), to Mr. Francis Child Goldsmith at Temple Bar, or to Mr. Godson Penton the present Mayor of Winchester, for the said Mr. Howard, that he may accordingly provide those Plates for His Majesty's diversion as they were designed."- The " London Gazette," July 31I, I684, No. 1952. The royal palace of pleasure at Winchester, intended by the king to supersede the one at Newmarket, was replete with stables, kennels, mews, and every accessory neces- chale n. sary for sporting purposes. It occupied the site Winahester, of the old castle, and was a stately fabric, of three C. 16865. sides and a corridor, all of brick, corniced, with windows and columns at break and entrance of free-stone. The first stone of this magnificent palace was laid by King Charles in person, who, during the remainder of his reign, spent some of his time at Winchester, for the purpose of inspecting and forwarding the work. But upon his death an immediate stop was put to the building by James II. It was equally neglected by King William; but Queen Anne, after surveying it herself, intended to complete it in favour of her husband, George, Prince of Denmark, upon whom it was settled, had he lived until she could afford the sums necessary for this purpose. The first public use to which this noble edifice appears to have been applied, was that of a place of confinement for French prisoners in the war of I756, during which five thousand of them at a time were sometimes de- tained in it. In the year 1792 this building was occupied by a certain number of French clergy, banished from their native soil; and in x796 it was fitted up as a barracks for the resi- dence of troops, to which purpose it is still applied. 1681.1 i86 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVIV. In the Duke of York's letters to the Countess of Lichfield, H.R.H. occasionally refers to the sports at Winchester: " You are in the right to say this country is a very Wineheer proper place for women to ride in, for I never saw a finer for field sports. The duchess and my daughter have been several times hare hunting with little beagles, and are mightily pleased with that sport." When opportunities occurred the duke went stag-hunting: ". . . I went a hawking with his Maty, and am just now a going a hare hunting with the duchess, and to-morrow am to hunt the stag. I am likely to be little in the house while we stay here and the weather good." " Windsor, August 8. Their Majesties continue here in good health; his Majesty and his Royal Highness having lately divertized themselves with hunting: Order is given for the mannagement of such Race-Horses as are to be sent to Winchester, to be ready against the Plates are to be run for, which will be on the last day of this month."- The " Domestick Intelligence," August 7 i684, No. 127. Winchester, August 7. Great are the preparations that are making here for the Reception of His Majesty and his Royal Highness: Several Gentlemen in these parts who in- tended to put in Horses, have already sent their Guinnies and taken up standings; as likewise lodgings for themselves and their retinues, the Innkeepers having voluntarily assented to the prizes for Hay and Corn that were limited by our worshipful Mayor."-Ibid. " We hear that his Grace the Duke of Monmouth, will be at Winchester at the Racing, and that he will order four of his prime Race-Horses to be carried thither, whither 'tis said several of the Nobility and Gentry will accompany him."- Ibid., August ja, No. 129. " Windsor, August i9. His Majesty and his Royal High- ness remain in good Health, and on the 17th past divertized themselves with Buck Hunting; several of his Majesties Race Horses are sent to Winchester, where great Provision of Hay MS. Lord Dillon, Dytchley, Oxon. WINCHESTER. and Corn is layd up; and we hear his Majesty and his Royal Highness will go thither about the latter end of the next week, if the Weather be seasonable."-Ibid., August h, No. 130. " Winchester, September i. His Majesty and his Royal Highness arrived here on the 31st past, attended by a Splen- did Train of Nobility, and were met at some distance from this place, by most of the Nobility and Gentry in these parts, and highly welcomed, great numbers of all sorts of People Flocking to see his Majesty, and to express their joy and gratitude for the Honour he has vouchsafed to do them, in favouring them with his Royal presence, and we hear that several presents will be made, as a Signal of the Love this City bears to his Majesty."-Ibid., Aug. 31 No. 134 Sept. 4'o i4 "Windsor, September 6. His Majesty and his Royal Highness since their return from Winchester have been to divertise themselves in the Park, where 'tis said Buck Hunting is intended next week, though others report that his Majesty intends for White-Hall, on the 8th Instant"- Ibid., No. 135. It is somewhat remarkable that politics should be so closely connected with the turf at this time. In many cases Whig and Tory potentates kept race-horses, and attended the races, for purely political objects. The Tories got up the races at Winchester, in opposition to Newmarket, where the Whigs were all-powerful; and it is within the bounds of possibility the fire at Newmarket in March, i683, owed its origin to the prejudice of the former faction.' " The King is mightily pleased at Winchester, and y' toun has made him a present of ye Castle for a place to build upon, and ye BP has given him timber and y gentlemen will bring it; so he is resolved to build, there being stone enough on ye place. The Duke says tis abundantly better place for all sorts of pleasure then Newmark-et, and then 'tis neere y forrest for hunting. But you must know there is a faction in this business too, ye Whig party being lords at Newmarket, as hunting, got houses and possest themselves of y' best conveniences there. The Kg, however, goes to Newmarket in October; they say, not till the Sheriffs are decided."-Sir Charles Lyttleton to Lord Hatton. "The Hatton Corre- 1684. 187 i88 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVII. "' These are to give Notice, That the Inhabitants of Newport Pannel in Buckinghamshire have given a Charles Plate of Twenty Pounds value to be run for 1684. there (3 Heats and io Stone) on the second Pagne, Wednesday in September next. And the Bu=k. Gentlemen have raised a Plate of about 40 Septumbw Guinea's value to be run for (3 Heats and 12 Stone) the next day, and so every second Thursday in September for the two next ensuing years. Any Gentleman that will enter himself a Contributor for the Gentlemans Plate, or desires a Copy of the Articles of either Plate, may have it of the Clerk of the Race living in Newport Pannel aforesaid."-The " London Gazette," August Ad, No. 1958. " These are to give Notice, that on the second Thursday in October next, and for Five Years ensuing LiIooi. there will be a Plate of Thirty Pounds value Oetober. to be run for on the Heath near Lincoln. The Horses are to carry 12 Stone two Heats and a Course; and to be ridden by Gentlemen only, and are to be shown that day three weeks before the Race at the weighing Stoop between Two and four a Clock in the Afternoon. No Horses will be admitted to run but such as have never won a Plate of above Fifteen pounds value: Every Non Contributor is to stake three Guinea's."-The " London Gazette," September I, i684, No. 1960. The only knowledge we possess of the royal race spondence,"voL ii. p. i8. Sir ChristopherWren received 6 Ios. "for his own and his servants charges for surveying the grounds."-L. T. R., Works and Buildings, No. io2, MS., P. R. 0. 1684.] NE WPORT PAGNEL-LINCOLN-DATCHET. I89 meeting at Datchet Ferry, near Windsor, which came off on August 24, I684, has been derived Datcet from Francis Barlow's etching, purporting (Windsor). to depict the event. August. This quaint etching is 20 inches in length by I47 inches in breadth. It is very rare - a perfect copy of it being worth ioo guineas. We have reproduced it, in this volume, on a reduced scale, consequently it requires little description at our hands. It may, however, be noted here that at the bottom of the original etching, in the centre of the print, the following inscription is enclosed in an oblong laurel wreath: DRAWN FROM THE PLACE AND DESIGN' D BY FRANCIS BARLOW I687. Upon the top, as reproduced in our engraving, is set forth the circumstances attending the race, erroneously stated to have been the last one at which Charles II. was present. His Majesty and the Duke of York are represented among others in the royal stand. They have their hats on; all the other persons in the stand being uncovered, except one, who must have been either Prince Rupert, Lord Kinsale, or a Quaker. At foot of the etching we learn that it was "Sold by P. Tempest over agt Somersett House Water gate in the Strand and S. Baker at x90 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVII the White Horse in Fleet Street," and in two parallel lines on either side of the wreath above mentioned are the following verses:- Not antient Rome, with her Olimpick Game, By wVh she did achive so great a Fame, When o'r the Circus the bright Chariot's whirld, Surprising with delight the Gazing world, Coud ere compaire to Englands nobler Chase, When Swift as lightning or the winged Race. In this Debate Monarchs their Umpriage boast, An even an Empire's wealth is won & lost; The noble Bruites with Emulation fird, Scorning by Managers to be inspired, As if they understood their Betters will, They show w pride their eager force & skill, To future times may these illustrious Sports Be only the divertisments of Courts, Since the best man, best Judge & best of Kings, Whose President, the best Example brings; When e're his God-like mind unbent from care To all his pleasures this he would prefer; And Dorsett ever celibrated be, For this last honour which ariv'd to thee, Blest for thy Prospect, all august. and gay, Blest for the memory of this glorious day, The last great Race the Royal Hero viewd 0 Dorsett to thy much lov'd plains he owd. The generous Beast out-strips ye wind, And leaves the wondering Cloud behind. And without aid of Spur, or reine, They cutt y air, & scoure ye plaine, So Gods of old, did not disdaine The rural pastimes of the plaine, For this alon a lasting name Records thee in the Book of Fame. FRANCIS BARLOW (i626-1702) was a notable artist and engraver in the seventeenth century. He was born in ' At Datchet: Charles II. was at the Newmarket October Meeting in that year. Compare ante,. vol. 1il. pp. go, g9. FRA NCIS BARLOW.'9' Lincolnshire, and placed with one Sheperd, a face painter; but his taste lay to birds, fish, and animals, in which he made great figure, though his colouring was not equal to his design; consequently, which is not often the case, the prints from his works did him more honour than the works them- selves, especially as he had the good fortune to have some of them engraved by Hollar and Farthorn. There are six books of animals from the drawings of Barlow, and a set of cuts for "'Esop's Fables." Some ceilings of birds he painted for noblemen and gentlemen in the country (at Clandon, Lord Onslow's, are five pieces by Barlow); and he drew some of the monuments in Westminster Abbey, for an edition of Mr. Keep's "History" of that cathedral. Mr. Smyonds says he lived near the Drum in Drury Lane, and received 8 for a picture of fishes. He once painted a half-length of General Monk, the Duke of Albemarle, whose hearse was designed by him, as we learn from the Lord Chamberlain's warrant to Sir Christopher Wren to prepare timber for it at Monk's funeral. Barlow, though inheriting a large sum of money from a friend, died poor in 1702. 1684.] I91 BOOK XVIII. NEWMARKET IN THE REIGNS OF JAMES II. AND WILLIAM III. I685-I69g. i685. Introduction: The town and palace neglected by the royal family in the reign of James II.-Payments to the royal establishment- Cost and description of works and buildings of the palace from i686 to i688-Paucity of information relating to Newmarket during this period - The roads and heath infested with highwaymen - i688. The spring meeting-Programme of the races-The ioo plate- The articles, weights, subscriptions, &c.-Order relating to the collections made for the relief of sufferers by the fire of i683- Probable misappropriation of the money-The October meeting- i689. The spring meeting-Programme of the races-The autumn meeting-Arrival of William III., the Prince of Denmark, and the royal entourage-Large concourse of the nobility and gentry present -The races-Scenes on the course-The King plunges-Loses 4000 guineas-Becomes exasperated-And horsewhips a gentleman on the heath-Bon-mot on the royal outrage-Expenses of the court during the royal sojourn-Passing events-The King's racing establishment -Frampton appointed " supervisor" of the King's race-horses- His duties and emoluments-The King's race stud-Stimulus given to the national sport-Re-appearance of the Whig turfites-Racing intelligence -Results - i690. The spring meeting-The gold tumbler and other events-The Whitsun fair-The October meeting -Visit of the King and court-Description of this "joyous place" during the meeting-Racing intelligence-The new eleven-stone plate-Open to any horse bar Headpiece-The emancipation of the press-The King wins the town plate-Other events-Re-appearance of the newspapers-Very valuable space-No room for racing news -Serious fire-Promptly extinguished-The town and palace saved -Incidental expenses of the court during this visit-1697. The NE]EWMARKE T TEMP_. 7AMES 11. spring meeting-Expected visit of the King-Does not take place- Large numbers of nobility and gentry at Newmarket-Scarcity of racing news and money-Local affairs-The petition of Thomas Bignell-His lodge in Newinarket given to the Duke of Grafton by the King-Prays for a vacancy in the coach office-Refused- Arrears of salary due to him-A bad debt-1698. The spring meet- ing-Attended by the King, Peter the Great, Prince of Denmark, the Corps Diplomatique, the Ministers of State, and the court-Open house at the palace-Enormous attendance-Hunting, cocking, racing, &c.-Exciting race for the King's plate-The course impeded by the spectators-Match between Hautboy and Quainton-The correct card of the period-Entries, weights, forfeits, and distances- More hunting and cocking-Frampton again the winner-Departure of the Prince of Denmark for London-Precautions taken by the Guards for his safety-The highwaymen on the Newmarket road- The races resumed-Great match between the King and the Duke of Somerset for 2000 guineas-Heavy betting-Spot v. Turk- Primrose v. Creeper -General defeat of the favourites-The eight- mile race between Looby and Yell. Jack-Curious scene during the race-The favourite beaten-Great losses thereon-The King's horse wins again-Interesting race between Colchester and Darius-Cock- fighting extraordinary-The King in the pit-Coronation day at Newmarket-The illuminations and rejoicings-Alleged plot to assassinate the King-Passing events-The King's disinclination for business-He deputes the Duke of Portland to attend to State affairs -The palace sumptuously furnished during the royal sojourn- Inventory and cost of the articles-The Czar's State bedchamber- The ambassadors' quarters-1699. The spring meeting-Visit of the King, the ministers, and the court-The races-Match between the Duke of Devonshire and Lord Wharton for Jigoo-The King's horse Cupid wins the four-mile race-Other events-A Sunday on the heath-The levee-Hospitality at the palace Royal visits in the vicinity of Newmarket-The distemper-Cock- fighting-Order relating to promotion in the Guards-Heavy ex- penses at the palace-Events at Newmarket described by the King in his letter to the Duke of Portland-"Cold weather and moderate sport "-The October meeting-The new fourteen-stone plate-The King runs six horses-Expected royal visit-Does not take place-The races-Matches between the Duke of Devonshire and Sir Roger Mostyn for L[000 a heat-Other events-Description and cost of works and buildings at the palace-And the royal gardens at Newmarket. ONLY a very brief introduction is required to the History of N ewmarket during the fourteen years 1685.1 I93 VOL. III. 0 194 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVIII. commencing in i685, on the accession of James II., to the end of the seventeenth century, when, for the present, our labour terminates. As we have already seen, the Duke of York had been a frequent visitor at the Metropolis of the Turf, yet, so far as we are aware, his Royal Highness was never present at Newmarket after he ascended the throne. During his reign the "royal village" ap- pears to have decayed; its importance diminished; the "divertisements" peculiar to it seem to have languished. William of Orange, like his father-in-law, often patronized Newmarket "in the days of ease," but the latter, unlike the former, missed no opportunity of attending those race meetings after the Parliament had elected him to fill half of the throne that was wholly vacated when his father-in-law levanted. Thus we read of the presence of the "glorious, pious, and immortal" monarch at Newmarket on several occa- sions during his reign; of the many quaint incidents in connection with these royal visits; of the horses he owned and ran; of the disputes and the peculiar events associated therewith; of his celebrated trainer and his training establishment. As these circum- stances, in all their nakedness, are subjoined, it would be poaching upon the authorities cited, to dwell on the theme here. Frampton, one of the greatest, and perhaps the first professional trainer per se, at Newmarket, trained for William Ill., Queen Anne, George I., and George LI. At this time Frampton occupied premises on the site of Heath House, which will be ever celebrated in connection with the name and career of one of the most famous trainers of modem times, Mat. Dawson. THE PALACE. During the year I686-7, the cost for works and buildings done in and about the royal palace at New- market was 56 7s. iod. The cost of the Jamews. materials was: lime and sand, 2 5s. 6d.; 1e"l"k9 tiles, 3 I 2S. ; glass and glaziers' work, The Palace. 20 7s. 8d.; and oak rails and laths, I2S. Iod..; and 8s. paid for carriage. The wages of workmen amounted to 29 IS. iod., viz. bricklayers at 2S. 6d. a day, 5; carpenters at 2s. 6d. and 2S., 3 i9S. 6d. ; laboutrers at is. 6d., 5 8s.; "and to Henry Winstanley clerk of the works for his travelling charges for I 58 days at 21d per diem; and, for several petty expenses & by him provided I I2S. IOd." In the account for the following year, which amounts to 63 os. 6d., the cost of materials was 20 I IS. IOd.; wages, 22 I9s. 6d.; and the clerk of works, 19 9S. 2d. ;t and in i688-9 67 8s. 8d. was charged for "sundry works done at his Majestys house at Newmarket"-its last appearance in the reign of James II1: To George Man, Esqr Keeper of His Mats House and Wardrobe at Newmarkett at CC" V ann payable quarterly from Lady Day i685 by warrt vnder his Mals 188. Signett and Signe Manuall bearing date xixt' of Decr 1685, & here allowed for ye first quarter endd at Midsomer 1685 . . . l"-Audit Office Records, Declared Accounts. Acc. of Sir Edward Griffin, Treasurer of the Chamber of the Household, Bundle 405, Rot. 1 26. To George Man Esqr Keeper of his Mal" House and Wardrobe at Newmarkett at CC" V ann & due 1686. L. T. R., Works and Buildings, No. io6, MS., P. R. 0. t Ibid., No. 107. t Ibid., No. io8. 1686-1689.] 195 196 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. to him for one year ended at Middsomer 1686 ... CCU.- A.O.R., D.C., T.C., Rot 129. To Thomas ifrazer his Mae Chirurgeon to ride with him a hunting at C" VI ann for the same time . . . C".'-Ibid. To George Man, Esqr Keep. of his Maes House & Wardrobe at Newmarkett at CC" V ann payable quarterly from Lady day I685 by warr' vndr his Mal Signet and Signe manuall bearing date the xix"' of December 1685 and here allowed for a yeare ended at Midsumer 1687.... CC".-Rot. 132. Sr My Ld Treir desires You out of the New Imp8 on Tobacco and Sugar to Issue to Mr Robt Ford the Sumie of 82" i7" 8jd in further 5' of his Areares as keep' of the House & Garden att New Markett, I am Sr Yor most humble Servt FRANCIs GWYN. Secary ChambT Octob. I 51t i686. He received a similar order for payment of arrears for the same for like amount on the 28th of December, 1686, and on the 21st of April, 1687 (Arrears Books, vol. xlvii., MS., P. R. 0.). To George Man Keeper of his Ma' house & Wardrob at Newmarkett at CC" 'P ann. for a year and a 168B. quarter ended at Michas i688 ... CClI.-A.O.R., D.C., T.C., Rot 134. On the 9th of October, i686, a Treasury warrant was issued directing payment of 2674 6s. 8d. to Mr. Henry Griffith for arrears of the stables, out of the imprest on tobacco and sugar, and i6 135. 4d. to the trustees of the Duke of Rich- mond, for his Grace's arrears, as Master of the Horse (Arrears Book, vol. xlvii. p. i4, MS., P. R. 0.). He was also allowed 6s. 8d. per day for his lodgings out of Court. (Rot. 132.) (For order re Fire of 1683, see vol. iii. p. 73.) [BOOK XVI11. 1686-1690.] HIGHWA YMEN-THE PALACE. "Taken away from a Gentleman's Man the 5th Instant upon Newmarket Heath by several Highway-men a black Mare I hands high, about 4 years old, having all her paces, a white oval mark in her Forehead, one of her Feet behind white, and I. H. on her near shoulder. Whosoever gives Notice of the said Mare to Mr. Gumley Cabinet-maker at the corner of Norfolk-street, shall have Three Guinea's Reward, besides Charges."-The " London Gazette," March -i, i685-6, No. 2120. The Palace1 and Garden 5 ROBERT FORD. and Gardensf After our hearty Comendacons By Vertue of the tres patents of his late Maty. King Charles the 2a & of their sent Mats. tres of privy seal in this behalfe, These are wwi.i m. to pay & require you to make & passe debentrs Newmaket. for paymt to Robert Ford or his assignes of the 1690. sume of 26: 13: 4 in pt. of wt remaynes due to him on his 2 sev'all fees of i 8" 5" Vt ann as Keepr of the house & gardens at New market to his said late Maty King Cha. the 2d And let the same be satisfied out of the sume of 20,00' part of the same not exceeding 6oooo' app'priated by a late Act of parliamt. (amongst other things) to pay arreares of wages to the servts of the said late King V'vided he hath taken the oaths & made & Subscribed the decleracon in such manner as is directed by the said Act And for soe doing this shalbe yr warrt. Whitehall Tredry Chambers the 9k" of Aprill i690. To Sr Robt. Howard Knt. (Signed) JOHN LOWTHER R: HAMPDEN STE: Fox T: PELHAM. Mrs. Walker, late) Mrs. Elliott j-By a like warrt. for payment of 26:13:4 vnto Mrs. Elizabeth Walker (late Mrs. Elizabeth Elliott) in 197 198 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVIII. sPt of wt remains due to her as house keep' att New Markett on her fee of 200" V ann. Warrt. dated and signed as before.' To Sr Robt. Howard, Knt.t "At Newmarket on Wednesday in Easter week next, i688, is a Plate of ioo Guinea's Value to be Run for, by Horses, Mares, and Geldings, that 168s. never Run before. Gentlemen are to Ride Newfnwket. themselves, three Heats, 12 Stone weight; April. a Stranger to put in for his Horse Io Guinea's. The Nobility and Gentry that Contribute to this Plate, are desired to pay in their Contri- bution Money to Mr. Richard Hoare Goldsmith at the Golden Bottle in Cheapside, London, or to Mr. William Clayton at his House in Newmarket. No Horse can Run for this Plate, that is not kept at New- market, one full Month before the Day of Running."- The" London Gazette," January -, I687-8, No. 23 IO4: "The Twelve Stone Plate, Three Heats, at New- market (for which none but Gentlemen are to Ride,) is to be Run for on the third Wednesday in October next; the number of Contributors not being as yet so many as was expected: This Plate will be worth but 8o but in the Easter Week ioo By a similar warrant dated April 6, i691, she obtained another sum of z6 13S. 4d. for arrears due to her as housekeeper of Newmarket Palace, payable out of the imprest on tobacco and sugar. t " A booke for Entring Warrts. for Payment of Wages & Sallaries due to the late King Charles the 2d Serv` out of the first 20,00o" Appprated By a late Act of parlimt.," vol. Iii. fos. 8, 9, i6. M.S., P. R. 0. t This appears in the form of an official announcement-not as an advertisement-and is repeated in several succeeding numbers of the Gazette. I;jTHE SPRING MfEETING. for the Term of Four Years to come. "-The " London Gazette," August 23, No. 2376. "On Wednesday in Easter-week, the I 2 Stone Plate, value ioo will be run for at New-Market, three heats, Gentlemen to ride. The Friday after Winam mi. a Plate of 60 value, the same Weight and e1689et. Course. Such Horses to put in, as the Major spfLr part of the Contributors, then present, shall agree on the Wednesday before."-The " London Gazette," Feb. 4, i688-9, No. 2425. " There being at New-Market a Horse match on the i8th of April, and two more on the 22d and 24th days, it is thought fit by the Contributors, that the I2 Stone Plate, Gentlemen to ride, is to be run the 25th day of April, value ioo. On the morrow the 60 Plate, the same Weight and Course: Any Horse that runs for either Plate is to be kept a Month in New-Market before the day of Running." -bid., Feb. -l, No. 2426. Miss Strickland has the following anent the king's visit to Newmarket during this meeting: " King William went from Hampton-Court to New- market October -1M, in one day: this was considered a surprising expedition. He passed whole days on the race-ground, or in hunting; in the even- ings he gambled; he lost four thousand guineas at basset, at one sitting. The next morning, being in a state of great exasperation, he gave a gentleman a stroke with his horsewhip, for riding before him on the race-ground. The English were not used to such manners; the proceeding was satirized by a bon-mot, 16;89.1 1 99 200 TH1LE HISTVRY OF NLWiMA.RKET. [Boox XVIII. declaring 'that it was the only blow he struck for supremacy in his kingdoms."' The ordinary expenses of the king " and part of his family" at Newmarket in the months of September and October, i689, amounted to 967 I3S. 9d4t "On Tuesday the First day of October next, there will be at Newmarket, a Gold Tumbler of ioo value 1689. to be Run for, 3 Heats, 12 Stone weight; Gentle- Newmaket. October. men to Ride."-The "London Gazette," Sept. 2, No. 2485. ",The 30th [of September] his majestie, accompanied with several of the nobility went for Newmarket: he designes to tarry there about ten daies."-Luttrell's Diary, vol. i. p. 586. " The Prince of Denmark is returned to the Cockpitt from Newmarket."-Ibid., p. 590. " To John Jones Esqr Apothecary to the Household attending at Hampton Court and Newmarkett in ye yeare I689 by warrant lxxiiij" v8. " To John Briggs one of the corporalls of the Yeomen of the Guard for his riding charges attending his MatY at Hampton Court and Newmarkett in the year 1689 by warrant lij" xva."-Wardrobe Accs., Treas. of the Chamber, Bundle I, m. II, 12d. Lord Coote, writing to Henry Herbert, Esq., Oct. 3, 1689, with reference to the October meeting at Newmarket, says: Wiem 1IL " I send you my news-letter t that you might have news by wholesale. Yesterday a race was a run between my Lord Devonshire and my Lord Monmouth at " Lives of the Queens of England," vol. vii. p. 233. t Cofferer's Accts., series ii., Box E., Rot. 124, s.d. t The news-letters were at this time, and for many years afterwards, printed in the form of letters, beginning with " Sir," and ending "your humble servant," etc. They were charged each one farthing, and known by the name of the Farthing Post. The Marquis of Bath has a unique collection at Longleet, but we have been unable to consult the treasures they contain. THE RA CES. Newmarket, but the latter won. On Saturday next will be run the match between my Lord of Monmouth and Sir R. Gwin. I am told the Duke of Somerset (who is at New- market) has invited the King to visit Cambridge, of which University the Duke is Chancellor. The King has alsoe promised my Lord North and Gray to dine with him at his house, soe that I hope his Majestie, by degrees, will become a true Englishman."-" Epistolary Curiosities," edited by Rebecca Warner, vol. i. p. 143. Bath, i 8 i 8. " Your lordship has always been so ready to oblige and assist me, that I account it my duty to acquaint your lordship that my Lord Privy Seale, upon the score of great friendship which is between you two, has got his majesty to change my post from Florence to Spain, which is a station much more conspicuous and h9nourable than that I should have had before. I have been to waite on the Spanish ambassador who was gon to Newnarket, where I shall see kim, and beg your worship's leave to recommend to his favour &c. &c."- The Hon. Alexander Stanhope to the Earl of Chesterfield, London, October 1, 1689. "On Wednesday the last day of April next, a Gold Tumbler will be Run for at Newmarket, three Heats; Gentlemen to Ride, 12 Stone weight." Newmarket. The " London Gazette," March 17, i698-9, No. Apri. 2541. " Whereas notice was formerly given That the great Plate at Newmarket should be Run for on Wednesday the 30th1 of April next. These are to give notice, that the said Plate is agreed to be put off to Tuesday the 6th of May next, on which day it will be Run for, according to the former A rticles.-Ibid., April J-4, No. 2549. " The 5th [of May] the lord Shrewsbury went to his country house by Newmarket, accompanied by Mr. Thomas Sir Rowland Gwynne was treasurer of the chamber to King William and Queen Mary, but removed from his office for some conversation which had fallen from him, reflecting upon Lord Sydney's conduct in Ireland. He was examined before the Privy Council on this matter. See Tindal in continuation of Rapin, vol. iii. p. '94. 1689. 201 202 THE HISTORY OF NEWALIRKET. [Boos XVII1. Wharton, both somewhat disgusted: his lordship left the william Im seals in his office, not know whither he will act 1690. again."-Luttrell's Diary, ii. 38. " At Newmarket, on Friday the 31St instant, will be Run O8wowe for a Gold Tumbler, three Heats, Gentlemen to Ride, twelve Stone.-" Gazette," October A. During five days in Whitsun week a great fair for horse and cattle was held at Newmarket temsp. William III.- "Seller's Almanack." "On Wednesday the 22d of April next a Gold Tumbler 1691. will be run for at Newmarket, Gentlemen to ride, April. 12 Stone, 3 Heats."-The " London Gazette," March Bi 1690goI, No. 2645. "To Edith Colledge for her charges attending at Hampton Court and Newmarket in the year I69i 49 5s."-Wardrobe Accs., Treasurer of the Chamber, sub ann. " New-Market, in Cambridge-shire, composed of a well built Street, seated on the Great Road, and full of Inns; the Town consists of two Parishes, one in Suffolk, and the other in Cambridgeshire, but their Market place and whole Street is in Suffolk; the Market on Tuesday is very good; there is a House built on Cam- bridge side for the Recreation of the King, when His Majesty is pleased to divert himself with Hunting or Horse-races."- " An Historical Dictionary of England and Wales." London, 1692. 12mO. From "an account of the Duplicates brought into their Majestyes Remembrancer's Office for the first Ayd of four 1693. shillings in the pound, how much every Duplicate amounts unto, and the names of every Division, Hundred, and Place in every County in England and Wales, being for the year 1693," it appears the sum derived by this tax in Newmarket (Suffolk) amounted to i68 2s. "On the seventeenth of October William went to Newmarket, now a place rather of business than of Davy AMS., Lackford Hundred, fo. 96 b. PASSING EVENTS.0 pleasure, but, in the autumn of the seventeenth century, the gayest and most luxurious spot William ni. in the island. It was not unusual for the 1e6a5rket. whole Court and Cabinet to go down to the Ocober. meetings. Jewellers and milliners, players and fiddlers, venal wits and venal beauties, followed in crowds. The streets were made impassable by coaches and six. In the places of public resort peers flirted with maids of honour; and officers of the Life Guards, all plumes and gold lace, jousted professors in teachers' caps and black gowns. For the neighbouring University of Cambridge always sent her highest functionaries with loyal addresses, and selected her ablest theologians to preach before the Sovereign and his splendid retinue. In the wild days of the Restoration, indeed, the most learned and eloquent divine might fail to draw a fashionable audience, particularly if Buckingham an- nounced his intention of holding forth; for sometimes His Grace would enliven the dulness of a Sunday morning by addressing to the bevy of fine gentlemen and fine ladies a ribald exhortation which he called a sermon. But the Court of William was more decent; and the Academic dignitaries were treated with marked respect. With lords and ladies from Saint James's and Soho, and with doctors from Trinity College and King's College, were mingled the pro- vincial aristocracy, foxhunting squires and their rosy- cheeked daughters, who had come in queer-looking family coaches drawn by carthorses from the remotest Surely the historian is wrong in this assertion. Even William himself contradicts it. See his letter to Heinsius, dated Newmarket, April , 1698, in State Papers, vol. xi. p. 343. London, 1778 (see p. 219). 1 6,95 ] 203 204 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVIII. parishes of three or four counties to see their Sove- reign. The heath was fringed by a wild gipsy-like camp of vast extent. For the hope of being able to feed on the leavings of many sumptuous tables, and to pick up some of the guineas and crowns which the spendthrifts of London were throwing about, attracted thousands of peasants from a circle of many miles. William, after holding his court a few days at this joyous place, and receiving the homage of Cambridge- shire, Huntingdonshire, and Suffolk, proceeded to Althorpe...." "From Newmarket, that Mr. Comptrollers horse won two races of the Duke of Devonshire; and Mr. Frampton with the King's horse, won the town plate against the earl of Scarsdale."-Luttrell's Diary, October 22, i695, vol. iii. P. 540. " His Majesty designes to go and pass for some time at Obe. New-Market suddainly, all things being prepared there for his reception. "Yesterday a Detachment of 3 Men out of each Company in the Guards marched for New-Market, to attend his Majesty during his stay there. " 'If his Majesty comes to New-Market there will be provided a Plate of above Sixty Pounds value, run for 3 Heats, on Thursday the 24th instant, Gentlemen to ride Eleven Stone: Any Horse may put in for it, paying five Guinea's, except a Horse known by the Name of Head-piece."-The "Post Boy," October -l, 1695, No. 68. Referring to the effect of the emancipation of the English press at this time, Lord Macaulay says: " While the Licensing Act was in force there was no newspaper in England except the ' London Gazette,' which was edited by a clerk in the office of the Secretary of State, and which contained nothing "History of England," chap. xxi. vol. iv. p. 6o9. EMANCIPA TION OF THE PRESS. but what the Secretary of State wished the nation to know. There were, indeed, many periodical papers; but none of those papers could be called a newspaper. Welwood, a zealous Whig, published a journal called the 'Observator,' but his ' Observator,' like the 'Observator' which Lestrange had formerly edited, contained, not the news, but merely dissertations on politics. A crazy bookseller named John Dunton, published the ' Athenian Mercury,' but the 'Athenian Mercury' merely discussed questions of natural philosophy, of casuistry and of gallantry. A Fellow of the Royal Society, named John Houghton, published what he called a 'Collection for the Improvement of Industry and Trade.' But his 'Collec- tion' contained little more than the price of stocks, expla- nations of the modes of doing business in the City, puffs of new projects, advertisements of books, quack medicines, chocolate, spa water, civet cats, surgeons wanting ships, valets wanting masters, and ladies wanting husbands. If ever he printed any political news, he transcribed it from the 'Gazette.' The Gazette' was so partial and so meagre a chronicle of events that, though it had no competitors, it had but a small circulation. Only eight thousand copies were printed, much less than one to each parish in the kingdom. In truth, a person who had studied the history of his own time only in the 'Gazette' would have been ignorant of many events of the highest importance. . . . On the third of May, 1695, the law which had subjected the press to a censorship expired. Within a fortnight a staunch old Whig, named Harris, who had, in the days of the Exclusion Bill, attempted to set up a newspaper entitled ' Intelligence Domestic and Foreign,' and who had been speedily forced to relinquish that design, announced that the ' Intelligence Domestic and Foreign,' suppressed fourteen years before by tyranny, would again appear. Ten days after the first number of the 'Intelligence Domestic and Foreign,' was printed the first number of the ' English Courant.' Then came the 'Packet Boat' from Holland and Flanders, the 'Pegasus,' the ' London News- letter,' the 'London Post,' the 'Flying Post,' the ' Old Post- 1C95.] 205 206 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVIII. master,' the ' Post Boy,' and the ' Post Man.' The history of the newspapers of England from that time to the present day is a most interesting and instructive part of the history of the country. At first they were small and mean-looking. Even the 'Post Boy' and the' Post Man,' which seem to have been the best conducted and most prosperous, were wretchedly printed on scraps of dingy paper such as would not now be thought good enough for street ballads. Only two numbers came out in a week; and a number contained little more matter than may be found in a single column of a daily paper of our time. What is now called a leading article seldom appeared, except when there was a scarcity of intelligence, when the Dutch mails were detained by the west wind, when the Rapparees were quiet in the Bog of Allen, when no stage coach had been stopped by highwaymen, when no nonjuring congre- gation had been dispersed by constables, when no ambassador had made his entry with a long train of coaches and six, when no lord or poet had been buried in the Abbey, and when consequently it was difficult to fill up four scanty pages." "History of England," vol. iv. chap. xxi. pp. 60i-603. " This day his Majesty, accompanied with his Court, went from Kensington, on his progress for New-Market, where he will stay this night, which is the 17th, as also the I 8th, 19th, and 20th, at which time he will go to A/trop, a House of the Right Honourable the Earl of Sunder- lands in Northamnptoushire." -The "Post Boy," October 15, No. 69. is Newmarket, Octob. 19. The King came to this place last Thursday in the Evening, and will stay here till Monday, when His Majesty intends to go to Althorp in Northampton- shire. Last night a fire happened here, which begun in a Stable, but it was happily put out, the danger it has done is inconsiderable." -The "London Gazette," October 1, No. 3124. To Marmaduke Alford Yeoman of his Mattes Vestry for his Attendance in his Mat Progress to New Market &C. The State Papers contain no reference or particulars of these events. 1695-1697.] EXPENSES AT THE PALACE, ETC. in the year i695 xxxviij dayes, by vertue of Warrt etc.- A.O.R., D.C., T.C., Bundle 406, Rot. 135. To Mathew Whitfield, Harbinger and his assistant for attending his MatIe in his progresse to Newmarket, Warwick, &' xxxviijt dayes in Octobr & Novembr I695 by warrt etc. -Ibid. To John Burrowes, Esqr, his Mal Knight Harbinger for his Charges in attending his Matie to Newmarket, Althorp &c in i695 etc. CCClxxvj`.-Rot. 137. To Adam Lisney and Charles Sheppard as Groomes of the Greate Chamber for themselves and iiijre others for their Charges in Attending his Matte at Winchester and New- markett &c in the yeares 1693 and 1695, by warrt etc. xlv". -Ibid. To John Mosely, Keeper of the Musicall Instruments for his Charges in Attending in Holland & Newmarket, and for mending their Instruments, by warrt & iiijix11 vjs.-Ibid. To Andrew Snape, Sergt Farrier for shaving and medicin- ing Cxxij of his Mats Horses over & above ye Establishmt as by his bills & Aquit'ces . . . iiijxxxiij". To Tregonnell Frampton for setling the Estab- lishmt of ye Race horses at the Green-Cloth & we III Avery & for a Plate at New-markett . . . Ciiijxij" xix viijd.-Accounts of the Master of the Horse, s.d. "A The time of the King's going to divert himself at New-market is not fixed, but it will be 1697. very shortly."-The " Post Boy," March , Xewmarket. 6t April. i696-7, No. 286. " There is great Horse-racing to be now at New- market, where divers of the Nobility and Gentry are to be present. Bank Notes were yesterday 22 per cent. worse than Specie."-Ibid., March 20, No. 293. "His Majesty, as I am Informed, has put off his 207 208 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVIII. journey to Newrnarket. Bank Notes were yesterday 23 IOS. per cent, worse than specie.-The " Post Boy," March 27 No. 295. "To THE RT HONOBLE THE LORDS COMBS OF HIS MAT"'" TREASURY. THE humble Peticon of Thomas Bignell. SHEWETH. THAT your Peticoner in the year i671 paid to Thomas Elyott Esquire then Master of the privy Harriers to King Charles the Second of ever blessed memory ew1697.et the Suiine of Two hundred pounds for a yeoman prickers place, and it cost your petr Forty pounds passing a Patent under the Broad Seale of England for the aforesaid Place. THAT the late King James was pleased to Settle the whole Office upon Mr William Rider, and gave your Pet' a Lodge neare New Markett in the County of Cambridge with a Sallary of Fifty pounds per Anfiu, in consideration of his said Patent place, but his present Mate being pleased to grant the said Office of the privy Harriers to Mr Christopher Tankerd, and your Pet" Lodge to the Duke of Grafton, your petr hath been & is left altogether unprovided for. THAT your Petr served his present Matte to the year I690 as appears by Certificate ready to be produced, a Copy whereof. is hereunto annexed, For which Service there is due and in Arreare to your Peticoner the summe of 8711 IO'. YOUR PETR therefore most humbly Prays, That your Lordpp's will be pleased to grant him the place of Housekeeper, Surveyor and Chamber keeper to the Coach-Office now voyd, Or to Order the Payment of the said Arrears for his present Support. And your petr shall ever pray &c. Endorsed: "Petition of Thomas Bignell, 25 May, 97. Read 26th Rejected." THE SPRING MEETING. Enclosure: " THESE are to Certifie that Mr. Thomas Bignell had an Allowance of Fifty pounds V Afinu from his late Majesty King James as Game-keeper at the Faulconers Lodge near New-Markett, And that the said Thomas Bignell did serve his prsent Majestie in the said Imployment to our Lady day i690. WITTNESSE our hands this 22th day of Aprill i69i. Copia vera. Tao: FELTON WILL: CHIFFINCH. Lord Macaulay supplies the following Wm,.. m. description of this meeting, which he erro- 168. neously says took place in the following Aewprlket. yeart " The French embassy made as magnificent an appearance in England as the English embassy had made in France. The mansion of the Duke of Ormond, one of the finest houses in St. James's Square, was taken for Tallard. On the day of the public entry, all the streets from Tower Hill to Pall Mall were crowded with gazers who admired the painting and guilding of his Excellency's carriages, the surpassing beauty of his horses, and the multitude of his running footmen, dressed in gorgeous liveries of scarlet and gold lace. The Ambassador was graciously received at Kensington, and was invited to accompany William to Newmarket, where the largest and most splendid Spring Meeting ever known was about to assemble. The attraction must be supposed to have been great: for the risks of the journey were not trifling. The peace had, all over Europe, and nowhere more than in Treasury Papers, MS., P. R. O., vol. xlv., No. 56 (190-192). Ibid., vol. xlvi., No. 78 (280-282). On the 21st of July poor Bignell again pre- sented his petition to the Lords of the Treasury, when it was again rejected and endorsed " My Lords cannot pay this." t This volume of the History was not published until after the author's death. His editors did not feel justified in making any corrections, which probably accounts for the mistake in the date above mentioned. See post, pp. 2I6, 218, 219, 220. VOL. III. P 1698.] 209 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVIII. England, turned crowds of old soldiers into marauders. Several aristocratical equipages had been attacked even in Hyde Park. Every newspaper contained stories of travellers stripped, bound, and flung into ditches. One day the Bristol mail was robbed; another day the Dover coach; then the Norwich waggon. On Honslow Heath a company of horse- men, with masks on their faces, waited for the great people who had been to pay their court to the King at Windsor. Lord Ossulton escaped with the loss of two horses. The Duke of St. Albans, with the help of his servants, beat off the assailants. His brother, the Duke of Northumberland, less strongly guarded, fell into their hands. They succeeded in stopping thirty or forty coaches, and rode off with a great booty in guineas, watches and jewellery. Nowhere, however, does the peril seem to have been so great as on the New- market road. There indeed robbery was organized on a scale unparalleled in the kingdom since the days of Robin Hood and Little John. A fraternity of plunderers, thirty in number according to the lowest estimate, squatted near Waltham Cross, under the shades of Epping Forest, and built themselves huts, from which they sallied forth with sword and pistol to bid passengers stand. The King and Tallard were doubtless too well attended to be in jeopardy. But soon after they' passed the dangerous spot, there was a fight on the highway attended with loss of life. A warrant of the Lord Chief Justice broke up the Maroon village for a short time: but the dispersed thieves soon mustered again, and had the impudence to bid defiance to the government in a cartel signed, it was said, with their real names. The civil power was unable to deal with this frightful evil. It was necessary that, during some time, cavalry should patrol every evening on the roads near the boundary between Middlesex and Essex.f The king left Kensington for Newmarket on April 4th; the French Ambassador did not go until April 13th, i698 (n.s.). t Quaker Stout, of Lancaster, in his Autobiography mentions how he had frequently to travel to London on business, taking considerable sums of money, chiefly of silver, " gold then being scarce, and silver money being so much impaired by clipping and counterfeiting, especially the standard 210 .THE 7OURNEY DOWN. " The state of those roads, however, though contemporaries described it as dangerous beyond all example, did not deter men of rank and fashion from making the joyous pilgrimage to Newmarket. Half the Dukes in the kingdom were there. Most of the chief ministers of state swelled the crowd; nor was the opposition unrepresented. Montague stole two or three days from the Treasury, and Orford from the Admiralty. Godolphin was there, looking after his horses and his bets, and probably went away a richer man than he came. But racing was only one of the many amusements of that festive season. On fine mornings there was hunting. For those who preferred hawking choice falcons had been brought from Holland. On rainy days the cockpit was encircled by stars and blue ribbands. On Sundays William went to church in state, and the most eminent divines of the neighbouring University of Cambridge preached before him. He omitted no opportunity of showing marked civility to Tallard. The Ambassador informed his Court that his place at table was next to the royal armchair, and that his health had been most graciously drunk by the King." "Last Night a Review was made of some of the Foot- Guards in Covent-Garden, in order to make a detachment for New-Market: And we hear the Right Honorable the E. of Macclesfields Regiment will attend His Majesty there." -The " Flying Post," March 2, i698, No. 449. "His Majesty continues His Resolution of going to New- market, on Monday, where he intends to stay about lo days, there being Provisions ordered accordingly."-The " Post Boy," March 9, NO. 453. "On Tuesday last the King's Hounds, as also those of the Prince of Nassau, were sent for New-market, and yesterday a Battalion of the Foot Guards marched thither likewise, to money, coined before the restoration of King Charles II. Most payments were made in that money, upon which at that time people were obliged to have saddle bags to carry it behind them," which caused great temptation and made many highwaymen, so that footpads were numerous and their depredations were rarely punished. " History of England," chap. xxii. vol. v. pp. 1l2-114. 1698.] 211 212 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVIIL attend His Majesty during his stay there; There will be abundance of Persons of Quality, &W.'-The "Post Boy," March 2" No. 453. "Yesterday a great many Tents &c were sent hence for New-Market, for the use of the Foot-Guards, who are to attend His Majesty there; and we hear that this will be the greatest meeting that has been at New-Market for a great many years."-The " Flying Post," March 29, No. 458. "Two Troops of Horse-Guards are gone hence, to lye on the Roads between this and Newmarket. " His Majesty sets out on Monday next for Newmarket, where the Court will be very numerous. The Prince of Denmark, and most of the Nobility and Foreign Mi[nisters] "Pot Mn,"March 31 going likewise there."-The " Post Man" rl , No. 144. "On Thursday last, a Detachment of, Horse-Guards went out of Town, to lie on the Road to attend and Guard his Majesty on his way to New-Market. The Battalion of Foot-Guards which marched thither, are to encamp on New- market-heath, during his Majesty's stay, there being Tents sent down for that purpose."-The " Post Boy," MArcl 32 No. 454. " Yesterday some of the Czar of Muscovy's led Horses set forward for New-Market; and abundance of the Nobility and Gentry design to set out thither this day."-The " Flying Post," MAril 31 No. 45I. "London, April 5th. Yesterday about eight in the morn- ing His Majesty, accompanied by divers of the Nobility and Gentry, came from Kensington through this City, and went for Copt-Hall, a seat of the Earl of Dorset, in Essex, where he was to dine, and to lye last night, from whence he designes to go this day to Newmarket, to take the Divertisements of Horse-Racing, Hunting, Cock-fighting, &c. He will stay there io days. His Royal Highness the Prince of Denmark is to be there, as also Count Tallard, the French Ambassador, DISTINGUISHED VISITORS. so that it is thought this will be the greatest meeting that ever was there."-The " Post Boy," April 5, No. 455. "Newmarket, April 5. Yesterday the king arrived here about eight in the evening, having dined on the way at Hock- rell. This day His Majesty hunted a Hare, but without great pleasure, there being such numbers that it was impos- sible to run one hundred yards without starting others and changing. About three in the Afternoon his Majesty was waited upon by the Chancellor and Heads of the Colledges of the Universities of Cambridge in their formalities who were received very favourably. His Majesty is attended by the Dukes of Sommerset, Grafton, Richmond, and St. Albans, Mon- sieur d'Auverquerque, the Earls of Essex, Scarborough, Marle- borough, Macclesfield, Burlington, Kingston, A Ibemarle, Jersey, Argyle, Orkney, Orford; the Lords Godolphin, Ross, Lucas, the Counts of Nassau, Frieze, Rouey, & Marton; the Marquis de Miremnount, the Dutch Ambassador and other Foreign Ministers. There is also the greatest number of Gentry that New Market ever saw in one season. The noble lords above mentioned were treated this day at the King's charges. The great match that was to be run this day between the famous Yorkshire Mare, backed by Mr. Boweher and Frainpton's Turk, io stone, 4 miles, for 5oo each, is drawn by consent. His Royal Highness arrived here this evening."-The " Post Man," April 5, No. 46. "Newmnarket, April 7. Yesterday his Majesty hunted a Hare to his satisfaction being a long chase; in the afternoon all the Hawks which came lately from Holland, and were on the Road between Harwich and London and ordered hither, came to this place. There being 25 Cock Matches between my Lord Ross and Mr. Frampton at 5 Guineas a Match, and for 500 the odd one, his Majesty this afternoon saw 6 Matches or Battles, being the first of them, the rest to be fought daily till over, of these the Lord Ross wone 3 and Frampton 3. About two a Clock his Majesty's Plate was run for; the first heat was wone by a Gelding of Sir John Waters; the second by a Horse of Sir John Parsons, and the third in a fair way to be wone by my Lord Wharton's Snail, who being 1698.] 213 214 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVHI. crossed and stopped by Spectators within 300 yards of the ending post, Sir Yohn Parsons Horse wone the Plate, by winning that heat likewise. Then the match between Mr. Harvey's JIoboy and Rows Quainton was run, and wone by the latter who had 6 to 4 laid against him. The Duke of Shrewsbury and my Lord Cutts arrived this afternoon."-The "Post Man," April 7, No. 447. "Horse Matches to be Run at New-Market, i698. Owners' names. Horses' names. Weight. Wager. Miles. April 7 The King's Plate 12 Stone 3 heats and a course. Mr. Harveys Hoboy z Mr. Rowes Quainton j 8 Lord Shzerwoods Bay Horse Lord Whzartons Snail 8 Lord Ross Peacock Mr. Framnptons Cricket 5 i i Lord Whartons Carless Mr. Framptons Stiff Dick i 1 2 Lord Sherwoods Horse Mr. Maynards Creeper X 1 2 D. of Devonskires Looby Mr. Harveys Lobcock 12 Lord Godophzins Yell. Jack Mr. Bowchers Hog 13 Lord Whartons Colchester Lord Ross's Darius 5 23 Lord Car/isles Spot Mr. FramnZptonsTurk f 28 Mr. Listers Gray Horse Mr. Frainzptons Cricket 5 May 4 Lord Ross's Darias Mr. Rows Spaniard 5 4 Capt. Chapmans Gelding 1 Mr. Whitherams Gelding 5 -The " Post Man," April -, No. 447. 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 to a feather 8 I0o 8 io 8 12 8 12 8 7 9 8 13 9 9 9 9 8 8 12 1 1 200 4 100 4 00 4 500 5 400 4 100 8 500 4 200 4 500 4 100 6 200 4 200 6 PASSING EVENTS. " The great Day for the Race at New Market, will be on Thursday next; and it's said his Majesty will Return from that Place sooner than has been talk'd of."-The "Flying Post," April I-, No. 454. "Newmarket, April 9. Yesterday was fought 7 Battles more between my Lord Ross's Cocks and Mr. Frampton, the latter won the odd match. The King hunted, but very cold and raw weather with Hail, obliged his Majesty to return sooner than designed. My Lord Sherwoods Bay Horse, and my Lord Whartons Snail were to run this day, but the former paid forfeit two days ago, and both run for the Plate which Sir John Parsons grey Horse wone. My Lord Ross's Horse Peacock, paid likewise his forfeit to Framptons Cricket (being lame), so we had no match. My Lord Cutts introduced the E. of Scarsdale to kiss the Kings hand, and the Prince took leave of the King in order to return to London. This day his Highness left Newmarket; Parties of the E. of Maccles- field Regiment being on the Road as far as the Green Man over Epping Forest, where a party of Life Guards (by express from hence) were ordered from London to receive him. His Majesty hunted and hawked, and dined at Chipenham with the Earl of Orford and returned this evening (God be praised in perfect Health). The Right Honourable Mr. Montague Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Mr. Smith of the Treasury just now arrived here."-Ibid., April -192-, No. 448. " Last Saturday his Royal Highness the Prince of Den- mark, returned to St. Yames from New-Market, where he has been to take the Divertisment of Horse-racing, Hunting &c., with His Majesty."-The " Post Boy," April 2', No. 458. " Yesterday my Lord Wharton's Horse was to run against the Kings at Nrew Market; and two great Races more are to be run this Day. It's said his Majesty will return from that Place on Thursday next.... We hear, That there is an information brought from Bristol to the Secretaries Office, That two Persons were heard to speak there of some ill Design against His Majesty at New Market."-The "Flying Post," April -A, No. 455. " Newmarket, April 12. On Sunday the King went to 1698. 215 216 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVM. Church here, where King Charles used to go, the Sword was carried by the Duke of Richmond, and one Mr. Crossing Fellow of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, preached before his Majesty. Yesterday there was a match between Stiff Dick, a Horse of the Kings, and Ld. Whartons Careless, 5 mile, a feather to nine stone for .5o, and notwithstanding 7 to 4 against his Majestys Horse, he beat the other every yard he run, Mr. Harvey wone ;C8oo of this match. Soon after fol- lowed the match between my Ld. Sherwoods Horse Primrose, and Maynards Creeper, which match by consent was brought on a day sooner, 4 mile 8 ston io/. each for 4oo where the odds lost again; my Lords Horse winning the match hard held, it appears the old Jockeys were mightily out in all the matches hitherto, in laying the odds which hath always lost. The great match of Cock fighting is over between my Ld. Ross and Mr. Frampton, the latter winning i6 battles in 25 and thereby 540. It being his Majestys Coronation day, we had as great rejoycings as the place could admit of, Bells ringing all the day, and the night concluded with a general illumination throughout the Town. This day the match between Ld. Carlisles Spot and the Kings Turk, was before the first time agreed on, run 4 mile for 5oo. Turk being the lowest had 5l. weight given him, and 3 to one, he came in as good as hard held, and could have beaten Spot 300 yards. Ld. Godolpliins Yell. Jack, paid his forfeit to Hog. Next was run the 8 mile between the D. of Devonsires Looby and Mr. Harveys Lobcock, which later after great working, justling, and crossing wone, the old Horse Looby falling lame in running the last half mile; a world of money was lost upon Spot, being backed by the old Jockeys. This afternoon was fought 6 Battles of a Cock match between Mr. Frainpton and Mr. Row for 5 a Battle, there being I i Battles more of the match, the odd one for 40. Saturday next the King designs for Kensington."-The " Post Man," April J2, No. 446. "Newmarket, April I. Early yesterday morning Count Ta/lard the French Ambassador arrived here, who came all night from London. In the fore noon his Excellency had a COCKING-HUNTING-RACING. private audience of the King, who afterwards went to the Cockpit and saw some Battles of Cock fighting between Mr. Frampton and Mr. Row (the former won 6 in 7 Battles) being placed on his Majestys left hand, from thence to one of his Majestys Horses ordered for that purpose, he saw the match run between Ld. Whartons Colchester and Lord Ross's Darias, 4 mile for 6200 the latter's Rider not running it off according to direction Colchester wone, but the same two Horses were immediately matched to run the same course over again, after rubbing, for one hundred pound; so in a quarter of an hour were led over, and Darius beat my Lord Whartons Colchester. The Fleethounds were abroad, but the day being far spent, his Majesty returned after the second running to dine, Count Tallard eat with his Majesty sitting the next of his left Hand, among the Nobility &C, and after eating returned to London. This day his Majesty hunted according to custom, but the Match made to divert his Majesty between Framptons Ball and a Horse of my Lord kuthens, did not run, the former paying forfeit having made two better Matches to be run next meeting; Mr. Frampton wone I3 of the I7 Battles of the Match between him and Mr. Row. Saturday his Majesty proposes to leave this place, dines at Hadham Hall, a Seat, of the Earl of Essex near Bishopstafford, and the begining of next week goes to Windsor."-Ibid., April A, No. 470. " Letters from Newmarket of yesterday, Say, that His Majesty's Plate was run for in the afternoon, and won by Sr John Parson's Horse; and that His Grace the Duke of Shrewsbury and the Lord Cutts arrived there that after- noon."-MS. News Letter, State Papers, Dom., Bundle 13, No. 162, M.S., P. R. 0. "The King returned last Saturday to Kensington from New Market where His Majesty passed about a Fortnight, being very well pleased with the Divertions of that Place."- Ibid., R Yard to Lord Ambassador Williamson; Whitehall, April 29, 1698. Ibid., No. 195. " The czar has received letters of credit from Holland upon our merchants for what moneys he has occasion for; 1698.] 217 2i8 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVm. 'tis said he will goe incognito next week to see the horse racing at Newmarket."-Luttrell's Diary, March 31, i698, vol. iv. p. 362. "The King's plate was to be run for on this day, and there is a great match also between his majestie and the duke of Somerset for 2000 guineas: that betwixt the Yorkshire mare and Mr. Framptons horse the Turk for .500 is drawn by consent. " The duke of Shrewsbury, notwithstanding his indis- position, is gone for Newmarket, where there is a great number of nobility and gentry now then hath been for many years."-Luttrell's Diary, April 7, i698, vol. iv. p. 365. "This afternoon the prince of Denmark returned hither from Newmarket, and on Wednesday night his majesty designs to lye at Cambridge, and be back again at Kensington on Thursday. "The mayor of Bristoll has notified, that affidavit was made before him by a person who overherd near that city on the road, 2 gentlemen talk, that the king was to be killed on the i ith instant, between Newmarket and Kensington."- Ibid., April I 2, p. 366. " On Tuesday the French ambassador went to New- market, and returned this day; he seems displeased at a satyrical libell, fixt on his door, but the author is not known." -Ibid., April 14, p. 368. " His Majesty designs to go the 5th of Aprilto New-Market, where he will pass some days, to see the Divertisement of Horse-Racing."-The "Post Boy," March iA, i698, No. 448. " The King intends to go the next Week to New-Market, where Sev` Horse races are appointed and will stay there abt 1o dayes."-MS. News Letter., S.P. Dom., Will. III., x698, March-April, Bundle I3. March, No. 124, Whitehall, ' "To John Evelyn, Esq., 162 8s. in recompence for damage done to his house and grounds at Deptford by his Czarish Majesty and his retinue while they resided there according to the estimation of Sir Christopher Wren and George London, Esq., by warrant by the Lord Commissioners of his Majesty's Treasury, dated 21St of June, 1698."- L. T. R., Works and Buildings, No. 117, m. 8, MS., P. R. 0. DIPLOMACY. March 29, Anon. to Lord Ambassador Williamson, at the Hague. "Kensington, April 4. The King went this morning to Newmarket, where His Majesty intends to stay a few days." -The " London Gazette," April 1, i698, No. 3381. "Kensington,April i6. His Majesty returned this evening from Ne.wmarket."-Ibid., April -Aj-, No. 3384. " We have an account from New Market, that on Monday the i ith instant, they had great showers of Rain in the Villages thereabouts, accompanied with several claps of Thunder, one of which happened about noon that day at Datham, within 4 miles of that place, where Mr. Coats Man and Boy were at plough, with 3 horses and a Mare, and Immediately all the Horses and the Mare fell down dead upon the spot, and the Man was struck dumb, deaf & senseless, & continued so the next day, notwithstanding he been blooded that Afternoon. The Boy had also the sole of one of his Shoes rent quite off, and received much hurt, but is not so bad in his senses as the man."-The "Post Man," July 19, No. 491. Harris, in his Life of William III. (p. 462), says: "The King went to Nzewmarket on the 4th of April, to take the Diversions of Hunting and Horse-Racing; whither Count Tallard, the French Ambassador, followed him, and was not a little surprized to see the vast concourse of Nobility and Gentry, and the great Sums of Money won and lost there." The King, in a letter to the Pensionary Heinsius, dated Newmarket, April 6, tells him that he had arrived there "last Monday evening" to divert himself for ten or twelve days; and in another letter from " Newmarket, April iO" to the Earl of Portland, his Majesty refers to pending negotiations with Count Tallard of a diplomatic nature which does not concern us. In a despatch from Count Tallard to the Marquis de Trocy, dated London, April 23, he says: "I set out this morning for Newmarket, according to your orders. My journey will make much noise, but the King has foreseen it, and commands it, it is my duty only to obey." 1698.] 219 220 THE HISTORY OF NEWMVARKET. [BOOK XVM. William again wrote to Heinsius from " Newmarket, April 13," announcing the arrival of Tallard, and on the 23' following day, in an epistle to the Earl of Portland, the king tells him that he had not been well since his arrival at Newmarket, where, up to that time, he had " very little amusement." Another letter from William to Heinsius, dated "Newmarket, April 1-," contains no reference to sporting matters. Count Tallard, in a despatch to Louis XIV., dated London, April 25, says: " I arrived at Newmarket the day before yesterday, in the morning, in accordance with the instructions which I received from your Majesty, and went to the King of England's levee. I approached him when he had finished dressing, and said, that though I was afraid of having chosen an unseasonable moment, I still ventured to ask him for an audience. He said he was engaged all the rest of the day, but that he would speak to me on his return from hunting. Three quarters of an hour afterwards, however, a groom of the bed-chamber came to me, and told me that his Majesty expected me." (The ambassador immediately waited on the king and discussed at length the diplomatic questions at issue between them, and continues) ". . . On leaving the Palace, he (the king) went to the Cockfight, whither I accom- panied him. He made me sit beside him. M. d'Auverquerque [Duke of Nassau] procured horses for me and all my suite, with a gentleman to accompany me to the races, whither the King of England repaired; and when he afterwards went hare-hunting, he himself again offered me horses to follow him, and, on my declining with thanks, he ordered Count de Nassau to remain with me. When he returned, he sent the captain of his guards to invite me to come and sup with him. He even carried his politeness so far as to drink my health, and I can say with truth to your Majesty that nothing can exceed the courtesy with which he has treated me." On the 5th of April, the Vice-chancellor and the Heads " Letters of William III. and Louis XIV., and of their Ministers," by Paul Grimbolt, vol. i. pp. 374-422. THE ROYAL APARTMENTS. of the University of Cambridge went to Newmarket to congratulate the King on his arrival there. They were introduced to His Majesty by the Duke of Somerset, Chan- cellor of the University.-The " London Gazette," No. 3381. According to the annexed inventory it appears the Palace was sumptuously furnished on the occasion of the king's visit during this meeting:- " Furniture for his Mati" Lodgings att Newmarkett (viz.), a Crimson damask Bed, Chairs, Stooles, Screenes, window Curtaines, Looking Glasses, Tables and Stands, &C, about 6oo. " Sheets, Trunkes, Bedcases, Blanketts, &C, for the Gen- tlemen, Groomes & Pages of his Maties Bedchamber for Travelling with, about "300. " For repairing his Mat'te Field Bed and several other necessaries agst his Mattes progress to Newmarket. Also for the hire of Beds, Blanketts, Chairs, &W. And for Goods bought for the Czar, &W, about 6oo. "A Crimson damaske State &e, a damaske Bed, Sheets, Window Curtains, Chairs, Stooles and several other Neces- saries for furnishing the House taken for the reception of Ambassadors, about .6oo."-Treasury Papers, vol. 1., No. 3, MS., P. R. 0. To Davie Elder, Chirur. to his Matice Person for his Charges in Attending at Hampton Court and Newmarket in the year i698, by warrant from the Vice-Chamberlaine of his Matice Household, . . . xxxvij" x8.-Audit Office Records. Declared Accounts. Account of E. Lord Russel, Treasurer of the Chamber of the Household from March 25th i698 to September 29th 1701, Bundle 407, Rot. 137. " This morning the king, attended by several lords and gentlemen, went to see the horse races at New- market, where 'tis said he will stay about wBum m. io or 12 days; and that the Duke of X w.ket Shrewsbury, who is now perfectly recovered April. of his spitting blood, will meet his majesty there.... 1698-1699.3 221 222 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XV11I. " The lord Wharton's horse Carelesse has beaten another backt by the Duke of Devon, &c, for Igoo at Newmarket. This night prince George came back from thence, and his majestie is expected on Tues- day."-Luttrell's Diary, April BA, i699, vol. iv. pp. 504, 505. "The KINGS 1 2 Stone Plate is to be Run for at Newmarket on Wednesday in Easter Week by His Majesty's Nrewmarket Order."-The " London Gazette," March - 9 April. I698-9, No. 3478. "Kensington, April I i. The King went from hence this day to Newmarket."-Ibid., April jX, i699, No. 3487. "Newmarket, April 14. This day the Vice-Chancellor and Heads of the University of Cambridge came to pay their Duty to His Majesty, upon the occasion of His Majesty's coming thither, which Sir William Dawes the Vice-Chancellor performed in a very handsome Speech, being introduced by his Grace the Duke of Somerset, Chancellor of the said University. His Majesty received them very graciously; and they were afterwards entertained at Dinner by His Majesty's particular Command."-Ibid., April _13, No. 3488. "Kensington, April i9. His Majesty returned hither this evening from Newmarket."-Ibid., No. 3489. " We hear His Majesty will go in the Easter-Holidays to New Market to take the Divertisment of Horse-racing, Hunt- ing, and Cock-fighting, there being abundance of Matches made against that time."-The " Post Boy," FeMbruah 2 8 i699, No. 608. "Yesterday His Grace the Duke of Norfolk went to his Country House; and from thence, we hear, he designs for York, and to return back to New-Market against the Horse- Racing-Yesterday His Majesty diverted Himself with Hunt- ing at New Park, and returned to Kensington in the Even- ing."-The " Flying Post," March 2, I699, No. 595. MORE RACING NEWS. " A Party of Horse and Foot Guards is ordered for New- market, against the time of the Horse-Racing there."-Ibid. April 1, No. 6o8. "London, April 6. His Majesty goes on Tuesday next for New-market to see the Divertisment of Horse Racing, Hunting, Cock-fighting &c. The Foot Guards begun their march thither yesterday,. and the Horse are Ordered to be posted on the Road to attend him in his Journey. Abundance of the Nobility and Gentry are gone before. . . . On Tuesday last the Right Honourable the Earl of Orford went to New- Mlarket with a great Retinue, in order to prepare for his Majesty's reception, who is to Dine with him on Wednesday next at his Seat, which is within two miles of that place.... An Epedemical Distemper rages Violently among Horses in this City, and places adjacent, hardly any being free."-The "Post Boy," April 4, i699, No. 623. "On Thursday morning a Detachment of IO men out of each Company of the Foot Guards marched for Newmarket, and provisions were sent thither."-The " Post Man," April , NO. 598. " On Thursday last his Grace the Duke of Somerset, wvent for Neew-Market; the same day part of the King's Equipage was sent thither under a Guard."-The " Post Boy," April -, No. 624 " We learn from New-Market, that there is more company there at present than has been for some years past."-The "Flying Post," April Ii, No. 612. Ne-wtnarket, April I 2. Yesterday the King left Kensington about 8 in the morning, dined at the Crown Inn in Hockrell by Bishop-Stafford, and at 8 in the evening safely arrived here, attended by the Earls of Albemarle and Selkirk, and Monsieur d'Auverquerque Master of the Horse, in half an hour after the Prince arrived, and waited upon his Majesty. This morning such an number of Nobility, Gentry, &c., waited upon his Majesty at his Levee, the like was never seen in one meeting at this place, their names would swell a page to incert, excepting the Baron Simeoni from the Elector of Bavaria, none of the Foreign Ministers are yet arrived. The 1699.] 223 224 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVIII. Kings Plate was this day run for, but 4 Horses started, of which 2 were distanced the First Heat. Mr. Bruce's Horse winning 2 Heats together carried the Plate, then a 4 mile course was run between Captain Mortimers and Mr. Yennings, the first of whom won his Match, (I should have told you, that this morning his Grace the Duke of Devonshire intro- duced 2 Sons of the Earl of Exeter's to kiss his Majestys hands, they are both Students at Cambridge, whom his Majesty received with great respect) in the Forenoon the King was at the Cockpit, saw 3 Battles fought between Cocks of my Lord Lucas's and Mr. Frampton, Afternoon 2 more matches were run 4 miles each viz. the Kings Horse Cupid beat a Mare of Mr. Harveys of Berry, and Captain Tankards Mare beat a Horse of Mr. Framptons called Infant. The Horses here are generally troubled with a new Disease, which has occasioned many of the Matches to be broke off by paying forfeits, the weather is windy and cold, which its thought may hasten the Kings return to Kensington. " Newmarket, April I 3. This morning his Majesty hunted the Hare, killed a brace, and after coursing a third for some time, which made a great sport, gave her her life, afterwards saw the great Match between Lord Whartons Careless, which run with a Horse backed by the Duke of Devonshire, Mr. Row, &c., 6 mile for Nineteen Hundred Pound a side, which my Lord Wharton won. Count Dona Envoy of Brandenburg is come hither. The High and Cold Winds prevent his Majesty Hawking."-The " Post Man," April 5, No. 6oi. "New-Market, April I 3. The King arrived here on Tuesday, and his Majesty's Plate, valued at ioo Guinea's was run for Yesterday, and Won by Mr. Bruce's Horse; there were three Horses more that run, but only that of Mr. Wyndam came near, the others being Distanced did not come up; two more Matches run that day, and one this day; the King saw them all. We have a great Many of the Nobility and Gentry, but a far greater number was expected, whose Absence we attri- bute to the Distemper which rages here as well as in other Qy. Bury St. Edmunds. SUNDA Y ON THE HEA TH. places among Horses. The King dined yesterday, and this day at his own House, and tomorrow he dines with the Earl of Orford at his Seat within two Miles of this place."-The "Post Boy," April I 'I, No. 627. "The Prince of Denmark's Horses set out this morning to meet his Highness on his way from New-Market, and His Majesty is expected here speedily. We hear, that only two of the Race Horses there were troubled with the present Distemper. And by yesterdays Advices from New-Market we hear, several Heats have been run, and that most of the Saddle-Horses and Coach-Horses there have the Distemper, and several of them are dead."-The " Flying Post," April I L No. 613. "Newmarket, April i6. On Friday the King dined at Chzipenkam with the Earl of Orford, but before he went out, gave Audience to the Vice Chancellor and Heads of the Colledges of Cambridge, who were introduced by his Grace the Duke of Sommerset. His Majesty received 'em very favour- ably, after which they were splendidly entertained at dinner by his Majestys order. Yesterday the King hunted with Mr. Walsinghams Beagles the forenoon, then saw the Match between Honeycumpunch and a Horse of Sir George Warble- tons; they run 4 mile for 30o and although the odds ran 2 to I of Sir George's side, Honeycuinpunch, won the Match, but a great deal might be said in favour of Sir George's Horse, upon account of the new distemper. This day his Majesty went to the Parish Church, and heard preach Mr. Long Fellow of Katherine HaZl, Cambridge, who made a most excellent Sermon. After Dinner the King went out and saw the running Horses take their watering Courses, and designs, God Willing, to be on Kensington on Wednesday night." -The " Post Man," April i, No. 602. "Newmarket, April ig. Mfonday last the King hunted till about 4 in the afternoon, when Mr. Framptons Stiffidick run with a mare of Mr. Tankards. The Horse run 9 Stone to a Feather 4 mile and was beat. The same day Darias and Young Bully were both led over in order to run, but at the Starting House, Mr. Harvey paid Young Bullys forfeit to VOL. IIM. Q 1699.1 225 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XVIII. my Lord Rosse. Baron Simeoni eat with the King, sitting opposite to his Majesty. Yesterday we had no match run, the forfeit being paid; his Majesty hunted, and in the after- noon went to the Cock-pit, where a Battle Royal of nine Cocks together at once upon the Pit was fought; most of 'em were killed, and 2 Brothers carried the victory, after fighting as long as both could stand by each other. A great many Matches were made to be run the next meeting. This morning about 8, his Majesty left this place, and is to dine at Hockrell."-The " Post Man," April 91, No. 64o During the king's sojourn at Newmarket he decided a curious point relating to the rank of two prominent officers of the Guards, viz. the Duke of Ormonde and the Earl of Albemarle, both of whom claimed the chief command of that corps, then about to leave for active service in Holland. The earl "was very earnest with his MajtY that whatever his Right and Pretentions might be they should not Interfere with the Conveniency of his MajtYs Service but that such a Regulation might be made for the future as should satisfy the D. of Ormond & my Lord Rivers. Accordingly it was ordered that the Chief Command in the Guards shall go according to ye Senority of their Commissions." - State Papers, Dom., William III., i699, Bundle 15, No. I55. " Expenss Vict dom. conduct et at Extraordinar' pro duo' Rege apud Newmarkett ab xj0 Aprilis usqr. xixm ejusdmii 1699 M1CClxiij'1 iXS xd ob. qr."-Account of Francis, Earl of Bradford, Cofferer of the Wardrobe, Series i, Box E, No. 136, MS., P. R. 0. " William III. to the Earl of Portland. Newmarket, April 17, I69. I did not receive, till this morning, your letter of the 25th, from Windsor Park. I enclose the letters which I have received from the Pensionary, since I have been here, in order that you may answer them by to-morrow's post, if you think that there is any subject on which it is necessary to give him any information. I do not doubt that, by my return, Count Tallard will have received an answer, or at least a few days afterwards ; but I much doubt whether you will be able to settle matters with him in one conference. It is certain 226 . THE OCTOBER MfEETING. that the greatest difficulty will be Final. I hope to find you to-morrow evening at Kensington, entirely recovered from your cold. I have been in pretty good health, though the weather has been extremely cold, but the sport has been very moderate. It is impossible to love you more tenderly than I do."-" Letters of William III. and Louis XIV. and of their Ministers," by Paul Grimbolt, vol. ii. p. 313. " The Duke of Shrewsbury has been to Newmarket, and the King has treated him with great distinction, and he appeared to be on good terms at Court." -Count Tallard to Louis XIV., ibid., p. 320. " The new I4 Stone Plate of ioo intrinsick value (to encourage the breeding of Strong and Useful Horses) will be run for at Newmarket in WilliamIII. Cambridgeshire, 3 Heats, and a Course, NAdmket. upon the first Tuesday in October during October. the Term of the Subscriptions: Every Horse to carry I4 Stone weight, and only Gentlemen to ride; nor any Horse to run, that ever ran for above the value of 20. What Money of the Subscriptions (if any) is over the value of the Plate, will be for the Benefit of the second Horse; And all Horses that run, are to be enter'd at Newmarket with the Clerk of the Course the day before the Plate is run for, at 4 in the afternoon."-The " London Gazette," September j17r, i6699, No. 3530. " His majestie has 6 horses to run at Newmarket the beginning of October."-Luttrell's Diary, Sep- tember 23, I699, vol. iv. p. 564. The October meeting at head-quarters, contrary to See the motive of this visit, 7'. Coxe's " Shrewsbury's Correspon- dence," Part III. ch. vi. pp. 517, 518. 1C99.] 227 228 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XVIII. the general expectation, was not attended by the king. The only news we have met with relative to this fixture are subjoined. William was detained in Holland, and did not arrive in England until after the meeting commenced. Then the build- ings, and the stud, and the gardens at Hampton Court, in which he evinced considerable interest, engaged all his Majesty's spare time. "We hear the William and Mary Yatch is Ordered to sail in a few days for Holland, to bring over his Majesty, who, as we are inform'd, designs to be at New Market the 14th of October next to see the Divertisement of Horse- racing, Hunting and Cock-fighting."-The " Post Boy," August 2v1', i699, No. 686. "We hear the King designs to be present at the Match which is to be run at New-Market, the 28th of next Month, and that there wvill be some new Promotions after his arrival." -The " Flying Post," September 21, No. 682. "His Grace the Duke of Dezon, the Right Honourable the Lords Godolpkin, Wharton, &c., are going to New Market to take the Divertisment of Horse-Racing, &c."-The " Post Boy," Sept. 30, No. 700. BOOct. 3 N.70 "Many Persons of Quality are preparing to go to New- Market against the 28th Inst. to be present at the Horse- Races there."-The " Flying Post," October t, No. 687. "There has been some Heats already at New-Market, but the great one does not come on till the 28th Instant."- Ibid., No. 689. "We have Advice, that the great Horse Match at New- Market, between his Grace the Duke of Devon, and Sir Rogcr Mostyn Bart. for iooo a Heat, Commenced on Monday last; the latter won the first Heat, and they are to run two Heats more for iooo each."-The " Post Boy," October 1-0s No. 704. "This day the Lord Cuts came to Town from New-Market, THE PALACE. having won the Horse-match between him and the Lord Lucas for ioo Guineas.-The "London Post," October UL No. 57. "On Saturday last his Grace the Duke of Devonshire set out for New-Market, where he has two more Heats for 2ooo before the Great Racing on the 28th."-The " Flying Post," October 21, No. 695. In the year i689-9o," the sum of '37 125. 8d. was laid out on works and buildings in and about the royal palace at Newmarket. The cost of wiiniam m. materials amounted to 76 i is. iod. ; viz. 16891r6kt deals and laths, 14 7s.; tiles, bricks, &c., The Palace. l I i 9s. 6d.; lime, hair, and sand, i i 8s. 8d.; gravel, &c., 1 3s.; solder, t i 3s. ; glaziers' wares, 24 4S. 2d.; and ironmongers' wares, 21 I 4S. 6d. ; besides ios. for carriage thereof. The workmen's wages cost 6o ios. iod.; viz. bricklayers at 2s. 6d. a day, I i 15s.; carpenters at 2s. 6d., 8 2S. 6d.; joiners at 3Y., 2 I4S.; labourers at is. 6d., 20 12s. 6d.; and to the clerk of the works for his riding charges at is. 8d. per day (i 86 days), and for six casements and a shovel provided by him at a cost of 6s., and IOs. 4d. for postage of letters, making in all 17 6s. i od. j by him received and acknowledged. The account for the following year included pay- ments for hair, laths, and tiles, 3 'Os.; for pales and timber, I 5s-; for ironmongers' ware, 7 9s. 6d.; and for wages, 66 I 2s. 7d.; and amounted altogether to On the 13th of February, 1689, by consent of the Parliament, com- menced the reign of William and Mary; but three months elapsed before they acquired possession of the Scottish Crown. t L. T. R., Works and Buildings, No. 9og, MS., P. R. 0. 1689-1699.1 229 230 7TfE HISTORY OF iVEWMARKET. [BOOK XVIIT. /78 7s. id. For the year I693-4 91 IIs. was spent on the palace ;j and in the year following the bill for works and buildings done there came to 129 OS. id.; when timber, lime, tiles, laths, glazing, cost 26 I 5S. 7d.; the wages of bricklayers, carpenters, labourers, and the clerk of the works made up the balance. The accounts for the years i694-5, and i695-6 respectively amounted to io3 9s. 5d. and 254 8s. ioj-d.11 They contain no details beyond lump sums for materials and wages; but in the account for the ensuing year we learn that a pump cost 6 2S.; wheelbarrows, ps. ; and brooms and other small pro- visions, Z3 8s. William Whiteman, painter, for paint- ing the rails and pump " belonging to the said house " received for the good of his pains i 8s., and the clerk of the works was paid 1 6 7s. 3d. for his riding charges, &c., and a new year's gift of 22s. The timber used at the palace cost 3 9s. 6d.; lead and solder, s i os. 6d.; tiles, 6 13s.; laths, los.; lime and sand, i i4s.; and 2s. 6d. was paid for carriage. The bricklayers', car- penters', and labourers wages came to 86 I5s. 3d., making the sum total 6I3I 19s. id. During the year i697-8 146 I IS. 7d. was laid out on the palace, when timber, tiles, lime, whiting, laths, sand, and hair cost 44 Is. 4d., and the workmen's wages 102 1OS. 3d The account for the year i698-9 amounts to 254 13s. 512d. Timber, lime, and sand cost 24 i6s. iod.; hair, tiles and tile-pins, 25 Ss. 6d. L.T.R., Works and Buildings, No. i to. t Ibid., x 1I . t Ibi., II 2. Ibid., 1I 3 11 Ibid., 1 14. It Ibid., X I ,. Ibid., l I 6. 1689-1699.1 THE PALACE AND THE GARDENS. smiths' ware and work, I I 2s. 3d.; ironmongers' ware, 45 I 4s. 8d.; glass and glaziers' work, 26 I 4S. 2id.; and buckets, 8s. 6d. For carriage 8s. was paid. The wages of workmen employed was as follows: car- penters at 2s. 6d. a day each, 17 los.; plasterers at 2s. 6d., 6 2S. 6d.; labourers at is. 6d., 2 I 3s.; brick- layers at 2s. 6d., 12 ios.; and to the clerk of the works " for his wages and disbursements for the whole time of this account," 72 9S. According to another series of accounts the gardens of the palace were carefully cultivated, and it is pro- bable Dutch bulbs made their first appearance in Newmarket in this, the last year of the seventeenth century, when the large sum of 4987 2S.t was paid for sundry works, alterations, and repairs in and about his Majesty's gardens at Hampton Court and New- market. t What portion of this sum was allocated to the cost of the royal gardens at Newmarket is a matter of conjecture; but in the account of the pre- ceding year there occurs a specific charge of 235 8s. 6d. "for work done at Newmarket, carriage and digging of earths, gravel, &c., and for looking after the said gardens and furnishing several trees and flowers for the use of the same." Ibid., I17. t By another account, of C. F. Henning, paymaster of works, plan- tations, &c., at Hampton Court and Newmarket, 4726 5s. old. was expended jointly on the gardens there from 12 March, 1698, to 12 Dec., i699; certified by the Earl of Portland, superintendent of his Maty. gardens and plantations, before Sidney Earl Godolphin, Lord High Treasurer, and Henry Boyle, Esq., Chancellor of the Excheq. Oct. 12, 1704, whose signatures it bears.-Audit Off., Declared Accs., Bundle 2482, Rot. 299. 1 Ibit., 502. I bide., 5oi. 231 232 THE HISTORY OF NEWYfARKET. [BoOK XVIII. At this time William Bentinck, Earl of Portland, was superintendent of his Majesty's gardens with a salary of /2600 a year, and an annual maximum allowance of 4io,ooo for maintaining them. Robert Ford was keeper of the king's gardens at Newmarket with a salary of 36 ios. Elizabeth Elyott, node Walker, was housekeeper and wardrobe keeper at Newmarket palace with a salary of /200 a year.-Civil List Books. Privy Signet Books, s.d., MS., P. R. 0. It is difficult to say exactly what the precise amount of the earl's emoluments were in connection with the multifarious offices he held at this time under the Crown, as all his official appointments were of the most plenary nature, and all pay- ments to his lordship were " without accompt, question, or deduction," consequently the Exchequer was bound to discharge the earl's frequent calls upon it without demur, or audit. BOOK XIX. THE ANNALS OF TIlE TURF IN THE REIGN OF JAMES It. I685-i688. Introduction-Accession of James I I.-The King an enthusiastic sports- man-Magnitude and cost of his hunting establishment-Projected royal racing stud abandoned-The King's apathy for the turf- Political and polemical reflections-He patronises Winchester races -Dispute between the King and the corporation of Winchester- Glance at the progress of the turf in other parts of the country- Paucity of details-The press suppressed-Revivals and new fixtures -Value of Plates, &c., run for in the reign of James 11.-Mode of entering horses-Selling plates-Weights and distances-Prizes to placed horses-Cups and plates-The Weatherbys of the period- Conditions and articles in vogue-Gentlemen riders-Minor plates- The weights-Professional jockeys-Other sports usual at race- meetings-THE ANNALS: 1685. Brackley-Weatherby-Doncaster -Ormskirk-Newport Pagnel-Woodstock-Winchester-i686. Newport Pagnel-Brackley-Nottingham-Ormskirk-Lichfield- Woodstock-Lincoln-Erpingham-The Curragh-[687. Chipping Norton-Brackley-Berwick-Newport Pagnel - Stamford - Man- chester - Tamworth - Woodstock - Basingstoke - Doncaster - Wallasey-i688. Doncaster-Rosby Heath-Ormskirk-Wigan- Leeds-Manchester-Basingstoke-Woodstock - Hampton-Isle of Man.-Death of the Duke of Bucking/harn- Memoir-Death of the Duke of Albemtarle-Death of the Earl of .Sqfolhu-Death of the Earl of Exeter. D)URING the short and sad reign of James II. the turf made rapid strides on the high road of prosperity. The king was a most enthusiastic sports- J man. The cost and magnitude of his hunt- ing establishment caused frequent animadversion. BUt 2THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XIX. that zeal for the chase for which-prior to and for some time after his accession-he was remarkable, gradually disappeared as he became engulfed in those unconstitutional actions which ultimately sub- merged him and eventually swept his dynasty away. It is not within our province to dwell on political or polemical occurrences, yet we may be excused for noting, en passant, that the same baneful influence that rendered the reign of Mary so obnoxious, now broke out again and soon brought the reign of James to a premature end. Mary and James individually were among the most patriotic and thorough English sove- reigns that ever wore the purple; yet the one is held in abhorrence, the other the scoff of posterity. The unconstitutional and ultramontane infatuation of James II. was productive of absurd reprisals in sub- sequent times, which deprived the turf of many of its ablest votaries, in consequence of the penal laws which prohibited the old Catholic families possessing horses exceeding the value of 5 " The " Poor Papists" had either to discard the turf or to participate in the national pastime surreptitiously by racing under assumed names, thus placing their stud, and sometimes even life and liberty, at the mercy of some Protestant friend or flunkey. The king inaugurated his reign by ordering vast additions to the royal hunting establishment, which The king's blind faith in his clerical advisers ought to have been shaken after the occurrence at the Newmarket Spring meeting in 1669 (see vol. ii. p. 274). With all its faults, the stern philosophy of the betting ring is not without its virtues to those who rightly read the lesson it inculcates. 234 1C8.8-1686.] THE ANNALS OF THE TURF.L3 soon attained greater dimensions, involving more expense than had been known in England since the time of James I. He also contemplated the cultivation of thoroughbred horses on a much larger scale than was attempted by his predecessor, with a view of improving the breed of those at the royal paddocks at Hampton Court and Newmarket. But the latter part of this programme was relinquished almost as soon as it was conceived. The chase engrossed all the spare time at James's disposal. The interest he took in the turf was merely formal; indeed, we have no evidence of his having attended any race meeting after his accession, with the exception of Winchester in i685. Although the king extended his patronage to the races held at that city, the honour did not appear to have been particularly appreciated by the local authorities. How this misunderstanding arose we have no knowledge. It soon came to an open breach, and in a few years later (April, i688) the mayor and aldermen of Winchester, for refusing to comply with the king's behests, were turned out, and commissioners appointed to manage matters there, of whom, curiously enough, the Hon. Bernard Howard was the chieft In the meantime races were held at various parts of the country. Beyond the announcements of such meetings-mere fixtures-inserted in the " London " Expenss vict DMfi Regis pro tribus hunting dinners apud Windsor v' super xj- xixm et xxvij- diebz. menss Augusti i685 lxx` v ijjjd ob. The cost of the royal stables passed through the Cofferers' office for this year was 20,3o4."-Series i. box E., Rot. No. 122. James II. was the only crowned head who had a surgeon to attend upon him in the hunting- field. It seems the scribe had no Latin in the vocabulary for " hunting dinners." t Luttrell's Diary, vol. i. p. 438. 235 236 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. Gazette," we have little or no information. The public press was suppressed. The State Papers, at least such as have survived the wreck of time, are mute on this subject. But it is most probable that all the race meetings previously referred to-with the exception of, perhaps, Newmarket and Winchester- were still celebrated, although few records of them are now traceable. Others had been instituted or revived. Among the latter we meet with Brackley, Ormskirk, Nottingham, Eppingham Heath (Rutlandshire), Chip- ping Norton, Berwick-on-Tweed, Stamford, Manchester, Tamworth, Basingstoke, Rosby Heath (Lincolnshire), Hampton, and, in Ireland, the Curragh of Kildare. The value of the prizes run for were not com- mensurate with the heavy betting to which the races gave rise. The highest prize did not exceed a hun- dred guineas.t The average did not exceed fifty pounds. In some cases the second and third horse participated in a share of entrance money. The cups and plates were usually supplied by Child or Hoare, the eminent goldsmiths and bankers of Fleet Street, London, who also occasionally officiated as the " Weatherbys" of the period. The competing animals had to be shown, described, and entered with the Clerk of the Course, at or adjacent to the locale of the meeting, from fourteen days to a month before the race took place. In some cases the winner had to be offered for sale at a given price, varying from a See anle, pp. 247-250. t Plus 20 = present currency. Aloney was very valuable at this period in England. [BOOK XIX. 1685.] BRA CKLEY- WEATHERBY-DONCASTER,. hundred guineas downwards, according to the articles by which such races were governed. In those races none but gentlemen were allowed to ride. The minor plates, run on the second day, only were open to the professional jockeys of this period. From ten to fifteen stone was the recognized weight; three heats; 3 to 4 miles each heat. Concomitant with those meet- ings were horse-fairs, cock-fighting, hunting, coursing, pedestrianism, and, when opportunity presented, a play in a barn. How and in what respect those meetings differed in details, will be found in the subjoined chronology of the races during the reign of James II. " There will be a Plate given at Brackley on Monday the 13th of April next, of the value of Fourscore Pounds, to be won by running the Heats three at J1Sm5IL Twelve Stone weight, for which any Horse may Brey. run."-The "London Gazette," March 6, 1684-5, April. No. 2017. " The Horse-Course at Cliffords-Moore in Yorkshire, will be run on the 23 of April next, being the Thursday in Easter- Week, for two considerable Plates of above .o50 cliffxr, value, to ride Ten Stone weight, three Heats Weatherby. (three miles each Heat) the greater Plate for the April. first Horse, the other for the Second." - The " London Gazette," March , 1684-5, No. 2016. "There will be two Plates run for at Doncaster Old Horse Course near Doncaster in Yorkshire, the first on Wednesday next before the i5th day of July next, three Heats of about 4 miles a Heat, by Horses, Mares or July. Geldings not exceeding 40 value, and never run for Principal Stakes or Plate of above Dio value before; And the second Plate three Heats the next day by Horses, Mares or Geldings not exceeding Li 5 value; And all the said Horses to be entered at the Three Cranes in Doncaster the 24th Instant :237 238 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XIX. each Horse, Mare or Gelding to carry Ten Stone weight."- The " London Gazette, May 28 1685, No. 2038. June i', "The Plates at Doncaster Old-Horse-Course in Yorkshire, mentioned in the 'Gazette' on Munday June the ist will be Run for the 25th of July next."-Ibid., June A, No. 2041. " This is to give notice to all Gentlemen, that Ormskirk Plate in Lancashire, which heretofore hath been Run for Orudrk. upon the second Tuesday in May, is now put August. off to the first Tuesday in August next."-The " London Gazette," June A8 i68 5, No. 2041. "These are to give notice, That on the second Wednesday in September next, the Town Plate of Newport Pagnel in Newport Bucks, being of 20 Guineas value, will be Run for Pagnel. there (three Heats and io Stone) round a four September. Mile Course, and that the Gentlemens Guineas being about 40, will be Run for there on the next day (three Heats and 12 Stone) round the same Course. Each Prize will be run for by the same Articles they were run for in September last."-The " London Gazette," August &, x685, No. 2058. " These are to give notice, That the Plate at Woodstock in Oxfordshire, worth between 30 and 40 pound, will be Run for the 4th of September next, three Heats, to September. carry 13 Stone, and each Horse to be sold for ioo Guineys if demanded. The next day a Buck and Doe will be Run for one Heat, and each Horse to be sold for 20 Guineys if demanded."-The " London Gazette," August 24, i685, No. 2063. "These are to give Notice, That the Plate that was to be Run for at Woodstock Park in Oxfordshire, on the 2i day of September, is put off to the 28th day of the same month (by reason of the Fair being on the 2i day) the Buck and the Doe will be Run for on the 29th day."-Ibid., Spg. 3' No. 2065. "Windsor, August 7. His Majesty intending to remove to Winchester towards the end of this month or the beginning of 1685.] ORM7SKIRK-WOODSTOCK- WINCHESTER. 239 the next; and being willing to have the usual Plates run for while the Court is there, has been graciously pleased to Order, according to an Article of those Plates, that the io Stone Plate shall be run for on the Weptembeer. I5th day of September, and the I5 Stone Plate the day following; And his Majesty farther to encourage the Breeding of good Horses, and Recreation on those Downs, has been pleased to add Ten Guineas to what he formerly gave to those Plates. And that the said Plates may be pro- vided in due time the Honorable Bernard Howard of Norfolk Steward of the said Plates, does hereby desire all the Con- tributors who have not paid in their Contribution, to pay it forthwith to him, or Mr. Francis Child Goldsmith at Temnple Bar, or to the Mayor of Winchester, as they shall find it most convenient."-The "London Gazette," August _6-, i 685, No. 2058. Windsor, September 14. His Majesty went from hence this day to Winchester, to pass four or five days in those parts; And did my Lord Bishop of Winchester the Honour to Dine with him at Fulham.-The " London Gazette," No. 2069. " Windsor, Sept. 18. His Majesty returned hither this evening from Winchester."-Ibid., No. 2070. Winchester, Sept. i8. His Majesties coming hither on Monday last from Windsor, the Mayor and Aldermen in their Formalities attended His Majesty at the Gate of the Town where the Recorder made a Speech: The Train Bands were drawn up by their Captain Mr. West, Son to the Lord Delaware, and the People followed His Majesties Coach to the Deans House with continued Acclamations of God Save the King. The next day His Majesty Rid up to the Downs, and saw the Ten Stone Plate Run for, as he would have done the day following when the Fifteen Stone Plate was Run for, but that he was hindered by the violent Storms of Rain which fell at the hour appointed for Running. The Corpo- ration by the Mayor and Aldermen humbly presented to His Majesty i00 Guineas, and paid his Servants the Homage-Fees according to the Ancient Custom of the Corporation when the THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XIX. King Honoureth them the first time with His Presence."- The " London Gazette," September 2i, i685, No. 207I. "These are to give Notice, That on the i4th and 15th of April next, will be Run for at Newport-Pagnel in Buck- James II. inghamshire, a Plate of Six Guinea's value (Three 1686. Heats and Ten Stone) the winning Horse to be Newport Paguel. sold for Ten Guinea's. And the day following, April. will be Run for there a Plate of about 20 guineas value (Three Heats and Ten Stone) the Horses not restrained to any price or time of coming in."-The " London Gazette," February L8-, i685-6, No. 2114. "These are to give Notice, That the Two Plates will Run for at Newport-Pagnel in Buckinghamshire on the 13th and 14th of April next, and not on the 14th and i5th as was lately advertised, viz.: the Six Guineas Plate on the 13th (three Heats and Ten Stone) the winning Horse to be sold for Twelve Guinea's; And the Twenty Guinea's Plate on the 14th of April (Three Heats and Ten Stone) the Horses not limited to any Price, nor Time of coming in. Likewise Two Saddles will be Run for there on the same days."-Ibid., No. 2I i8. " These are to give Notice, that on the second Wednesday in September next there will be a 20 Plate Run for at Newport-Pagnel in Bucks (three Heats and io Setmber Stone) round a two Miles Course, the Horses not obliged to be sold at any price, nor any time of coming in. And also that on the next day there will be 40 Guineas Run for (three Heats and 12 Stone) by the same Articles they were Run for the last year."-Ibid., August 9, No. 2i63. "The contributors of the 12 Stone-Plate at Brackley, have agreed to put it off till Thursday the 5th of April, on Brakley. which day there will be a Plate given of the value ApriL of 8o, according to the articles of last year."- The " London Gazette," Feb. 2 5 N68o5, NO. 21 i6. M arch i' 6-6 "These are to give Notice, That on the 22d of April next, there will be a Plate Run for of about 30 value upon Not- Nottingham. tingham Course in the County of Nottingham."- ApiL Ibid., March I l, No. 2120. 240 NOTTS-LICHFIELD-LINCOLN. "These are to give Notice, That the Gold Cup which is to be Run for this Year on Nottingham Race, will be Run for on the second Thursday in August."-Ibid., Nottingham April 1 9, No. 213 I. August. "At Ormskirk in Lancashire, upon the first of June next, a Horse-Plate of 40 Value will be Run for, each Horse to Ride IO Stone weight, four Miles Course, three Ormnsirk. Heats; And the day following a 15 Plate, June three Heats also, eight Stone weight, not exceeding 13 hands and a half high: And the said Plates to be run for yearly upon the first Tuesday and Wednesday in June as likewise a 5 Plate for Gallawayes."-Ibid., May A, No. 2136. " The Meeting of the Loyal Nobility and Gentry at the City of Litchfield, which was omitted last year, by reason of the Rebellion in the West, will be kept again Lichaelm this year, and the Subscribers Plate will be Run August. for on Tuesday, being Bartholomew-day, and the City Plate on the Friday following, according to former Articles; After which will be Hunting in the Neighbouring Forests."-Ibid., June 2-, No. 2 I 50. " These are to give Notice, That on the I 5th of September next will be a 40 Plate Run for at Woodstock Park; and also that on the i6th and U7th days following, Wooddook. there will be a Dog-Plate Run for each day, and September. on the 17th in the Afternoon, a Buck will be Run for in the same place.-Ibid., August -I-, No. 2i66. "Whereas for some years past a Plate hath been Run for upon the Heath on the South-side of Lincoln, on the second Thursday of October; This is to give Notice, LnoobL that this Year the said Plate will be brought October. in and Run for the first Thursday in October."-Ibid., September i, No. 2170. " There will be a Plate worth between Thirty and Forty Pounds Run for on Empingham-Heath in the County of Rutland, the second Thursday in October next. Xmpiugham. Any Horses, &c. are admitted to Run for this October. Plate carrying Twelve Stone, and none but Gentlemen to Ride."-Ibid., September -, No. 2171. VOL. III. R 1686.] 241 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XIX. His Excellency Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in a letter to his brother, the Earl of The curragh. Rochester, dated " Dublin Castle, May-day, i686," Kay. says: " The next week there will be a great meeting at the Curragh of Kildare, where will be several horse-races. Partly to see something of the company and the country, and partly for a little air (of which I have yet had none since my being here), I have resolved to go thither on Monday, and will be back on Friday; so that you must not expect to hear from me till by the packet this day sennight. My wife had a mind to go with me; but then the great lady would have gone to, which I did not think convenient; and whether my wife's staying here will keep her in town, I cannot tell; nor, I am sure, can -I help whatever she does." Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, eldest son of the celebrated Lord Chancellor Clarendon, was born in 1638. After the Restoration, he was created Master of Arts, at Oxford, in i66o; and, upon settling the queen's household, appointed chamberlain to her Majesty. On his father's death, in 1674, he took his seat in the House of Lords, still retain- ing his post of chamberlain to the queen; and afterwards, showing him- self so zealous against the Exclusion Bill, was taken into favour and made a privy councillor in i68o. On the accession of James I 1. he was first made Lord Privy Seal, and then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; but being too firmly attached to the Protestant religion for those times, he was recalled from his government to make room for Lord Tyrconnell; and soon after deprived of the Privy Seal, that Lord Arundel of Wardour, a Catholic, might succeed him. He would not take the oath of allegiance to King William, on which account he was, with some others, suspected of designs against the government; and when the king was in England, and the French fleet appeared upon the English coast, the regency thought proper to secure him in the Tower. After some months he was released, and spent the remainder of his days privately in the country. He died at Cornbury, in Oxfordshire, October 22, 1709, aged seventy-one. His Diary and State Letters have been published. "This diary," says the editor, " presents us with a picture of the manners of the age in which the writer lived. We may learn from it, that at the close of the seven- teenth century, a man of the first quality made it his constant practice to go to church, and could spend the day in society with his family and friends, without shaking his arm at a gaming-table, associating with jockeys at Newmarket, or murdering time by a constant round of giddy dissipation, if not criminal indulgence." 242 THE CURRAGH. In another letter to the Earl of Sunderland his Excellency says: " Having no commands from you, I might have saved your Lordship the trouble of this letter; having at present nothing to inform you of from hence, but only to acquaint your Lordship that Captain Baskerville, a captain in the regiment of Guards is very ill, and the doctors do despair of his recovery. I do not use to give notice of things of this kind, before the persons are actually dead; but my reason for doing it at this time (if such a reason may be allowed for a good one) is because I am going a little journey on Monday. It is only to the Curragh of Kildare, where there will be a meeting of several of the gentry about horse-races. But my principal business is to take a little air (which I have not had since my being here) for three or four days, so that I would not have you surprised to hear of this gentleman's death by another hand. . . . I shall be in town again on Friday, or sooner, if any commands from your Lordship, or the King's service require it." The next letter from Clarendon to Rochester is very interesting. It is dated " Kildare, May 4, i686," and runs as follows: "My letter to you on Saturday told you of the journey I intended to make hither, at which I expected to be laughed, for I do it myself to think that I should live to go after a horse-race; but sometimes it is not amiss to mingle among the people with whom one is to live; and to see something of the country, and enjoy a little fresh air, which indeed I wanted; though I thank God, I am very well, and have enjoyed wonderful constant health ever since my being in this kingdom; to which I believe nothing contributes more than the employing the mind. You know I can take pains; and if pains and labour will teach me what I know, I am resolved, if I have time given me for it, I will know every thing in this island, and every considerable inhabitant in it. " I came hither last night, and did not intend so much as to have thought of writing till I entered my closet again at Dublin; but it is terrible wet weather, so there is no going abroad. . . . It is called but twenty miles from Dublin hither, 1686.] 243 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XIX. but it is full as far as from London to Reading; it is, indeed, a noble country; and the common where the race is held, is a much finer turf than Newmarket, and infinitely larger; but it is sad to see the people-I mean the natives- such proper lusty fellows-poor, almost naked, but will work never but when they are ready to starve; and when they have got three or four days' wages, will then walk about idly till that be gone; and if they cannot then presently get into work, as perhaps at that moment their next neighbour has nothing to employ them in, then they steal. Their women, in the meantime, do nothing, not so much as spin or knit, but have a cow, two or three, according to the bigness of their ground, which they milk, and upon that they live; and no sort of improvement made upon the ground. Their habi- tations (for they cannot be called houses) are perfect pigsties; walls cast up, and covered with straw and mud; and out of one of these huts, about ten or twelve foot square, shall you see five or six men and women bolt out as you pass by, who stand staring about. If it be thus so near Dublin (as I saw several upon the road) what can it be further up the country." t " On Thursday in Easter week next, a Gold Plate of the value of 40 Guineas, will be Run for on the Heath near lames IL Chippingnorton in Oxfordshire. The Horses are 1687. to carry Twelve Stone, and Run Three Heats; Chipping And no Horse is to Run that ever won a Plate. NortoiL The Articles are to be seen at the White Hart at Chippingnorton."-The " London Gazette," January 27, 1686-7, No. 2212. "&On Thursday the 14th of April, there will be given a Gold Plate of the Value of 80 to be Run for at Brackly in Northamptonshire, by any Horse whatsoever Brawkley. carrying I2 Stone weight, none but Gentlemen to ApriL Ride."-Ibid., March 3, No. 2222. 7, "These are to give Notice, That there are three Plates to London to Reading by road is distant twenty-nine miles. t " Correspondence and Diary," by S. W. Singer. London, 1828, vol. i. pp. 37-373. 244 BERWICK-NEWPORT PAGNEL. be Run for yearly in the Town of Berwick upon Tweed; the first Plate value of ;20 upon the first Tuesday of April next, The second value betwixt 30 and 40, the 2iee,-ok.. Thursday following, being three Heats, and the TweeO small Plate the next day after. Every Horse April. that Runs for the second and first Plates, is to be sent into Berwick, and there kept I4 days before the Race, according to the Articles."-Ibid. " These are to give Notice, that on the i6th day of March next there will be a Seven Guinea's Plate Run for at New- port-Pagnel in Buckinghamshire (three Heats and Nwprt ten Stone) the winning Horse &c to be obliged to PagneL be sold to the Second Horse &c., if declared, for Xoh. i 5 Guineas. And also that on the next day the Town-Plate being of 20 Guinea's value, will be Run for there (three Heats and ten Stone) by the same Articles it hath been Run for formerly."-Ibid., Jan. 3I No. 2213. Feb. 3 "This is to give Notice to all Gentlemen, That there is at Newport in Buckinghamshire, Cocking and Horse-Races, the 9th of March next, and will continue for a week.-Ibid., No. 22I9. " These are to give Notice, That the Cocking and Horse- Racing at Newport in Bucks, will be on the i6th and 17th of March next, and not on the 9th and ioth as was lately adver- tised by mistake."-1bid., No. 2220. " On the 14th and I 5th days of September next, at New- port-pagnel in Bucks, the Town-Plate and Guineas will be Run for; the same weight and Heats they Run September. last year. Any Gentleman may be admitted that sends his Name to the Clark of the Race ten days before; And all other Contributors are desired to return their Guineas before the Race."-Ibid., August fi, No. 2268. " These are to give Notice, that the Newport-pagnel Plate and Guineas in Bucks, will be Run for upon the 7th and 8th days of September next, and not on the 14th and 15th as was formerly published."-Ibid., No. 2271. " These are to give Notice, that there will be a great Cock- 1687.] 245 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XIX. match between several Persons of Quality at the George Inn Stamford. at Stamford; As likewise Horse-Racing; both MarchL will begin the 28th of this Month, and last the whole week."-The " London Gazette," March -1, No. 2226. "On Carsall-Moore near Manchester in Lancashire, on the i8th Instant, a -20 Plate will be Run for to carry IO xanchester. Stone, and Ride Three Heats, Four Miles each Xay. Heat. And the next day another Plate of;40 will be Run for at the same Moore, Riding the same Heats, and carrying the same Weight. The Horses Marks are to be given in four days before to Mr. William Swarbrick at the King's Arms in Manchester."-Ibid., May -, No. 2239. "On Tuesday the i9th of July next, a Plate will be Run for, to carry io Stone, on Staffordshire Moor near Tamworth Tamworth. in the County of Stafford, and ride 3 Heats, 3 July. Miles each Heat Such as intend to Run, are to enter their Horses with the Clerk of the Plate, at the White Horse in Tamworth the 15th of July and to bring in their Horses then."-Ibid., June 23, No. 2253. "There will be a 12 Stone Plate of 50 price Run for in Woodstock Park, upon the 23 of September next, to be won Woodstock. by 3 Heats, every Horse that puts in is obliged September. to be Sold for xoo Guineas, and is to be kept at Woodstock-Park 7 days before the Plate is Run for. The next day there will be one Heat for a Buck and Doe, the winning Horse to be Sold for '20."-Ibid., August jj, No. 2269. "The Steward for the Basingstoke Plate, which is to be run the first Tuesday in October next, desires all Gentle- 3asiagstoke. men to enter their Horses, and pay their Money October. to Mr. John Coleman, Mayor of Basingstoke, or to Mr. John Ansel at the Cross-Key Tavern in Covent-Garden, a Month before the said Plate is to be Run for, where the Articles are to be seen."-Ibid. "aWhen Captain Grenville Collins made his survey in I687, 'Wallissey Race' existed seaward of Mockbeggar Hall, or 1687. Leasowe Castle, and is so marked on his map. WalldeY. This, however, is not the first mention of it. It 246 WALLASE Y-DONCASTER. was alluded to in James's Inter Lancastreuse, i636, at which time it afforded a beautiful road for either horse or footmen round the shore, contrasting most favourably with the rugged highways and paths in other parts of both Lancashire and Cheshire. . . . Tradition says, and it is confirmed by facts of various kinds, that Leasowe Castle was originally built as a stand in the centre of the course. Indeed this is evident from its form, an octagon with towers at the alternate facets. The ground plan was sketched by Lysons, who visited it, about i8oo, and who made two pencil drawings, which are now in the British Museum. (Add. MSS. 946i, fol. 83 and I 53.) On the subject of the removal of the races from this course tradition has as usual something to say. It is that the celebrated horse Grey Raphel, of whom great things were expected, was made irritable and driven from his food, as the grooms alleged, by rats. Also, it was reported to Earl Grosvenor, son of the present Marquis of Westminster, that a valuable horse of his was injured by bad water. There may have been a slight foundation for the truth of both these statements; but the probability is, that they were put forward by interested persons, as a cover for other reasons. On the stables of Mrs. Witherspoon, in Wallasey, there may have been seen, till lately, a horseshoe, indicative of the former residence of the favourites of the turf, probably even before the time when the Duke of Monmouth was personally present and a successful competitor."-Rev. A. Hume, D.C.L., LL.D., in "Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Hist. Soc.," vol. vi. p. 6o. " In i687, 5 were paid for 'contrabution monys' for the horse race [by the Corporation of Doncaster]."- Donnter. " Historical Notices," &c., by Wm. Sheardown, Esq., J.P., second edit. p. 5. " On the 29th March, i688, Mr. Fayram, the mayor, ordered 3s. 6d. to be paid 'at the Angell with less. ye founders of the horse-race.'"-Ibid. Doncufter. "A Plate worth Twenty Pounds, will be Run for upon Rosby-Heath in Lincolnshire, on the First Thurs- Booby. day in April, by Horses under seven years of ApriL 1687-1688.] 247 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XX. age; the Horse that wins must be sold for Twenty Pounds. Every Horse shall be shown that day three weeks before the Race, at the weighing Post of Caythorp Course, to the Treasurer or his Deputy. No Horse must Run, that hath won the value of Five Pounds. All Subscribers are desired to send their money to the Treasurer a Month before the Races." -The "London Gazette," January fj, i677-8, No. 2312. " These are to give Notice, that the Newport Pagnel Newport Plates will be Run for there on the 2ist and 22d Pagnel. day of March next, by the same Articles they March. were Run for last March."-Ibid., No. 23i6. " On the 2ist and 22d of March next, will be Two Plates Run for at Newport Pagnel in the County of Bucks; And likewise a great Cock-Match."-Ibid., No. 2321. "These are to give Notice, That the Town Plate and Guinea-Prize will be run for at Newport-pagnel in Bucks on the second Wednesday and Thursday in Sep- September.tember next, by the same Articles they were run for the last year."-Ibid., August 1--, No. 2373. "On the last Thursday in March, being the 29th Instant, chipping a Gold Plate of Forty Guinea's will be run for on Norton. Chappel-Heath, near Chipping-Norton in Oxford- Xarch. shire: And on Friday the day following the Town-Plate, value Ten Pound, will also be run for."-Ibid., March I, No. 2326. "At Ormskirk in Lancashire, the usual great Horse Plate, as also the Town Plate for Galloways, will be run the 2d Tuesday in July i688. And upon Wednesday OriSkL the day following, the usual Second Plate. As also another Plate of Ten Pounds (newly founded) will be run for by Young Horses, not exceeding Six the present Grass."-Ibid., April 26, No. 2341. "These are to give Notice, that the plates to be run for at Doncaster Old Course will be run as usually, the great Plate on Monday the 23th, and the less Plate on onalt. the 24th days of July next. The Shew Day and entring such Horses to run for the said Plates, to be on Monday the 25th of June next, the greater 248 1688.] DONCASTER-MANCHEST,7R-WOODSTOCK. 249 Plate being of 20 Value, and the lesser Plate of `io."-Ibid., June 4, No. 2353. ("These are to give Notice, That upon Tuesday the last of this Instant July, there will be a Foot Race at Wigan in Lancashire, for a Plate of Seven Pounds value; so that whosoever will run on Foot for the said Plate, and will enter his Name five (Wip3L) days before the said last day of July, shall be admitted July. among the number of those who run on foot for the same."-Ibid., July f, No. 2363.) ("On Monday the 23d of this instant, will be a great Cock-match at Leeds in Yorkshire; and likewise at Chapple-Town-Moor, (Lees) within a Mile of Leeds, on the Thursday following will Jul . be a Foot Race between Edmond Preston Butcher of Leeds, and Joseph Wood Footman to Major Darcy, for ioo Guinea's each: The Course Four Miles.'-Ibid.) " On Carsall Moor near Manchester in Lancashire, upon the i ith and 12th of September next, will be two Plates run for the one of .20 and the other of io. All those that have any Horses to Run are to enter September. their Names, Colour and Marks, to Mr. William Swarbeck at the King's Arms in Manchester, Four days before the First days Plate."-Ibid., August 20, No. 2374. "These are to give Notice, that the Plate to be run for near Basing-stoke, will be run for as usually on the first Tuesday in October. The Subscribers who design to put in any horse, to run for the said Plate, sOcngstobe. are desired to enter the horse, name, and marks, with the Mayor of Basingstoke, a Month before they run, according to the Articles."-Ibid., August 24, No. 2375. "There will be a Twelve Stone Plate, of about .6o price, run for in Woodstock Park upon Monday the 24th of September next to be won by Three Heats; every Horse that puts in is obliged to be sold for WoodStook. ioo Guinea's, and is to be kept at Woodstock pt Park 7 days before the Plate is run for. The next day there will be one Heat for a Buck and Doe, the winning Horse to be sold for 20."-Ibid., August 23, No. 2376. "These are to give Notice, That upon the last Thursday of this instant September, a Plate will be run for in Hampton- THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [Boot XI. Court-Park, of io value; The Horses are to carry io Stone, and run Three Heats; The Winning Horse is to be sold for Ten Pounds; And all such Horses, that are HSeptember. to run for the said Plate, are to be brought to Hampton-Court the Thursday before, and their Names given in to Mr. Stevenson at the Tay in Hampton- Court paying a guinea for their Admittance."-The " London Gazette," September i-f, No. 238i. Sir WValter Scott, in his notes to " Peveril of the Peak," says:- "With regard to horse-racing in the Isle of Man, I am James l. furnished with a certified copy of the rules on 1687-1688. which that sport was conducted, under the per- Idu of Xr3. mission of the Earl of Derby, in which the curious may see that a descendant of the unfortunate Christian entered a horse for the prize. I am indebted for this curiosity to my kind friend the learned Dr. Dibdin. INSULA Articles for the plate which is to be run for MONA2E in the said island, being of the. value of five pounds sterling, (the fashion included,) given by the Right Honourable William Earl of Derby, Lord of the said Isle, &c. '1st. The said plate is to be run for upon the 28th day of July, in euery year, whiles his honour is pleased to allow the same, (being the day of the nativity of the Honourable James Lord Strange,) except it happen upon a Sunday, and if soe, the said plate is to be run for upon the day following. '2d. That noe horse, gelding, or mair, shall be admitted to James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby, by whom the races in the Isle of Man were established, and who "used to distribute the prizes to the winners " (vide Sir Walter Scott in " Peveril of the Peak," ch. xi.), before his accession to the earldom, was summoned to Parliament by the title of Lord Strange, February 13, 1627. The career of this earl and his heroic lady, Charlotte de la Trdmouille, in connection with the defence of Lathom, during the civil wars, and his own execution at Bolton, where he was beheaded, October 15, x65i, are too well known to call for any comments in these pages. Ado ISLE OF MAN. run for the said plate, but such as was foaled within the said island, or in the Calfe of Mann. '3d. That euery horse, gelding, or mair, that is designed to run, shall be entred at or before the viiijth day of July, with his masters name and his owne, if he be generally knowne by any, or els his collour, and whether horse, mair, or gelding, and that to be done at the x comprs. office, by the cleark of the rolls for the time being. '4th. That euery person that puts in either horse, mair, or gelding, shall, at the time of their entring, depositt the sume of fiue shill. apiece into the hands of the said cleark of the rolls, which is to goe towards the augmenting of the plate for the year following, besides one shill. apiece to be giuen by them to the said cleark of the rolls, for entring their names and engrossing these articles. '5th. That euery horse, mair, or gelding, shall carry horse- man's weight, that is to say, ten stone weight, at fourteen pounds to each stone, besides sadle and bridle. '6th. That euery horse, mair, or gelding, shall haue a person for its tryer, to be named by the owner of the said horse, mair, or gelding, which tryers are to have the comand of the scales and weights, and to see that euery rider doe carry full weight, according as is mencioned in the fore- goeing article, and especially that the winning rider be soe with the usuall allowance of one pound for '7th. That a person be assigned by the tryers to start the runinge horses, who are to run for the said plate, betwixt the howers of one and three of the clock in the afternoon. '8th. That euery rider shall leave the two first powles which are sett upp in Macybreas close, in this manner following, that is to say, the first of the said two powles upon his right hand, and the other upon his left hand; and the two powles by the rockes are to be left upon the left hand likewise; and the fifth powle, which is sett up at the lower end of the Conney-warren, to be left alsoe upon the left hand, and soe the turning powle next to Wm. Looreyes house to be left in like manner upon the left hand, and the other two powles, leading to the end- 1688.1 251 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK X1X. ing powle, to be left upon the right hand; all which powles are to be left by the riders as aforesaid, excepting only the distance-powle, which may be rid on either hand, at the discrecion of the rider," &c. &c. &c. " -7uly 14th, 1687. 'The names of the persons who have entered their horses to run for the within plate for this present year, i687. 'Ro. Heywood, Esq., Governor of this Isle, hath entered ane bay-gelding, called by the name of Loggerhead, and hath deposited towards the augmenting of the plate for the next year, L.oo 05 00 'Captain Tho. H-udlston hath entred one white gelding, called Snowball, and hath de- positted, 00 05 00 'Mr. William Faigler hath entred his gray gelding called the Gray-Carraine, and de- positted, 00 05 00 'Mr. Nicho. Williams hath entred one gray stone horse, called the Yorkshire gray, and de- positted, 00 05 00 'Mr. Demster Christian hath entred one geld- ing, called the Dapple-gray, and hath de- positted, 00 05 00 'MEMORANDUM, 28tk _7uly, I687. 'That this day the above plate was run for by the fore- mencioned horse, and the same was fairly won by the right worshipful governor's horse at the two first heates. I 7th A ugust, i688. 'Received this day the above , which I am to pay to my master to augment ye plate, by me, 'JOHN WOOD. 'It is my good-will and pleasure yt ye 2 prizes formerly granted (by me) for hors runing and shouting, shall continue 252 GEORGE VILLIERS. as they did, to be run, or shot for, and soe to continue dureing my good-will and pleasure. Given under my hand att Lathom, ye 12 of July, i669. 'DERBY. 'To my governor's deputy-governor, and ye rest of my officers in my Isle of Man."' On the i6th of April, i688, George Villiers, 2nd DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, died at Kirby Moorside "in a little ale- house between two common girls." This dis- James I. tinguished patron of the turf in the seventeenth c 1688. century was born at Wallingford House, the site of the present Admiralty, in Whitehall, on the 30th of January, i627. " He inherited," says his biographer Fairfax, "from his father the greatest title, and from his mother, the greatest estate of any subject in England." He was only one year old at the time of the assassination of his father, was edu- cated with the children of Charles I., and at an early age was entered at Trinity College, Cambridge, where having completed a course of studies, he went abroad under the care of a governor. Upon his return, which was not till after the breaking out of the rebellion, the king being at Oxford, the young duke repaired thither and was presented to his Majesty. Upon the decline of the king's cause, he attended Prince Charles into Scotland, was with him at the battle at Worces- ter, in i65I, after which, making his escape beyond the sea, he again joined him, and was soon after, as a reward for his attachment, made Knight of the Garter. Desirous, however, of retrieving his affairs, he came privately into England, and in i657 married Mary, the daughter and sole heiress of Thomas, Lord Fairfax, through whose interest he recovered the greatest part of the estate he had lost, and the assurance of succeeding to an accumulation of wealth in the right of his wife. On the accession of Richard Cromwell, Buckingham was allowed to remove to Windsor Castle, where Cowley the poet, with whom he had formerly been acquainted at Cambridge, became his Lady Catherine Manners, sole daughter and heiress of Francis, Earl of Rutland. 1688.] 253 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XIX. constant companion. From Windsor he went to Nun Apple- ton, where he conformed to the regular habits of his Presby- terian father-in-law, and "lived orderly and soberly with his wife," apparently subsiding into the quiet character of a country gentleman. Only a few months afterwards we find him the most reckless, unprincipled, and irregular character at the court of Charles II. At the Restoration Buckingham recovered his estates, exceeding in value 20,000 per apnum, besides receiving other proofs of the royal favour. He was made a Lord of the Bedchamber, a member of the Privy Council, and afterwards Master of the Horse and Lord Lieutenant of Yorkshire. All these high offices, however, he lost soon after; for, having been refused the post of President of the North, he became disaffected to the king, and it was discovered he had carried on a secret correspondence by letters and other transactions tending to raise mutinies among his Majesty's forces, and to stir up sedition among the people, and even to engage persons in a conspiracy for the seizing of the Tower of London. This plot was hatched at Newmarket, where his astrologer foretold him he would be king. The Earl of Rochester prac- tised astrology to support his well-known mountebank jest; Buckingham, on the other hand, believed in its absurdities, and his credulity nearly led him to the block. Buckingham, it would seem, on his treasonable designs having been discovered, concealed himself, in the first instance, in his house at Westhorp. One Serjeant Bearcroft was sent to Westhorp to arrest him. Pepys was informed by this person that a few miles from the place he was "overtaken and out-rid " by the Duchess of Buckingham, who appears to have arrived at Westhorp about a quarter of an hour before him. Accordingly, on reaching the house he found the doors closed against him. The next day, however, having rein- forced himself with the officers of the neighbouring town, he paid a second visit. On this occasion he was permitted to search the house, but the duke had apparently fled during the night. In the meantime Buckingham reached London, where he 254 1660-1688.] THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM. remained secreted. He was so admirably disguised, that although taken into custody two or three times by the watch, for being in the streets at unseasonable hours, they had no conception of his real rank. Eventually, wearied of playing hide-and-seek, he sent a message to the Lieutenant of the Tower, intimating that he had made up his mind to surrender himself, and that the Lieutenant might expect him after he had dined. The same night he presented himself at the gates of the Tower, and was conducted to the apartments which had been prepared for his reception. After a detention of a few days, Buckingham was brought before the Council, ex- amined in the presence of the king, and remanded. His release from the Tower was at first refused by Charles to the tears of the Duchess of Cleveland. They parted with words which might astonish the uninitiated, the king calling her grace a jade who meddled with affairs with which she had nothing to do, and the spoiled beauty denouncing the king as a fool not knowing who were his real friends. Though he remanded him to the Tower, the good-natured monarch was in those days too partial to Buckingham's society not to relent as soon as forgiveness appeared decent. Accordingly, in the following September, prior to the royal journey to Newmarket, the duke was liberated, and restored to his place in the Council and in the Bed-chamber. But Buckingham's disposition for intrigue and machination was not lessened, for having conceived a resentment against the Duke of Ormond, because he had acted with some severity against him in the last-mentioned affair, he was soon after implicated in an attempt made on that nobleman's life by the same Colonel Blood who afterwards endeavoured to steal regalia from the Tower, assumably at the instigation, or at least with the knowledge, of the king. And Buckingham's conduct to Lord Ossory was neither that of a brave or an honourable man, although the decision of the House of Lords in that affair resulted in a dead heat, both the offenders being sent to the Tower. Not long after his affair with Lord Ossory, we find Buckingham engaged in a still more dis- graceful quarrel with Lord Dorchester. The circumstances of '5; THE HISTORY OF NEWMARRKET. [BooK XIX. this squabble, which took place in a conference between the two Houses on the Canary question, are amusingly described in the quaint language of Pepys. "My Lord Buckingham," he says, " leaning rudely over my Lord Marquis Dorchester, my Lord Dorchester removed his elbow. Duke of Bucking- ham asked whether he was uneasy; Dorchester replied yes, and that he durst not do this were he anywhere else. Buck- ingham replied, yes he would, and that he was a better man than himself. Dorchester said that he lied. With this Buck- ingham struck off his hat, and took him by his periwig and pulled it aside, and held him. My Lord Chamberlain and others interfered, and upon coming into the House of Lords did order them to the Tower, whither they are to go this afternoon." These visits to the Tower must have been rather expen- sive to Buckingham, inasmuch as the Lieutenant told Pepys that this day's work would be worth as much as 350 to him. Buckingham, owing to his well-known hostility to the Lord Chancellor, was at this time extremely popular with the citizens, and consequently, as he passed through the streets to the Tower, he was loudly cheered by the rabble. Both he and Lord Dorchester were released after a few days. On the 3rd of March, i669, we find the duke engaged in another quarrel; Sir William Coventry being turned out of all his employments for challenging him to single combat. It was about a year previous to this last event, that Buckingham's intimacy with the Countess of Shrewsburyc led to his famous duel with her husband, which was fought in a close near Barns-Elms, on the 17th of January, i668. The seconds of the Duke of Buckingham were two per- sons named Holmes and Jenkins. The seconds of the Earl of Shrewsbury were Sir John Talbot and the Hon. Bernard Howard. The duel was one of the most remarkable on record. In the encounter, according to the custom of the Anna Maria, eldest daughter of Robert Brudenell, Earl of Cardigan. She married first, Francis, Earl of Shrewsbury, by whom she had two sons, Charles, afterwards Duke of Shrewsbury, and John, killed in a duel, in i686, by Henry, Duke of Grafton. 256 AN EVENTFUL CAREER. time, the whole of these six persons were engaged, and not one escaped unhurt: Jenkins was killed on the spot by the Hon. Bernard Howard; Sir John Talbot received a severe wound in his arm, and Shrewsbury, who was run through the body from the right breast to the shoulder, died of his wounds on the i6th of March following. Spence relates, on the authority of Pope, that the whole of the morning the countess was trembling for her gallant, and that afterwards the duke passed the night with her in his bloody shirt. It has even been asserted that, during the encounter, she held the duke's horse in the dress of a page. Her husband had scarcely been dead two months when Buckingham carried his worthless paramour to his own home. His duchess, to whose equestrian ability he owed his flight from Westhrop, previously related, highly and justly exasperated, insisted how impossible it was that she should live with her rival under the same roof. " So I thought, madam," was the bitter reply, " and have therefore ordered your coach to convey you to your father." It was said that the duke's chaplain, Dr. Sprat, was actually induced to marry him to the countess; an absurd and useless ceremony, considering that Bucking- ham's lawful wife was still alive. The latter was afterwards styled by the courtiers the Duchess Dowager. In i670 Buckingham became one of that celebrated Council of State, known under the name of the Cabal. In the course of the same year he was sent ambassador to France; ostensibly to condole with the French court on the death of the Duchess of Orleans, but in reality to concert secret measures for breaking the Triple League. At Paris he was received with great ceremony and splendour. The king on St. Louis's day gave a public feast in his honour, besides bestowing on him several valuable presents, among which was a sword and belt set with pearls and diamonds, valued at 4Oooo pistoles. In i67I he was installed Chancellor of See the statement in St. Evremond's letter to Waller (iv.), who adds "that she had pistols concealed, and that she had pledged her honour to shoot both Shrewsbury and herself, if her husband should prove vic- torious." VOL. III. s 1670-1688.3 257 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [Book XIX. the University of Cambridge. The following year he was again despatched to the French court at Utrecht, on matters connected with the Dutch war. In x674 we find Buckingham again in disgrace with his sovereign, when he resigned the Chancellorship of Cambridge, and about the same time became a zealous partisan and supporter of the Noncon- formists. On February i6, i676, the duke, with the Earls of Salisbury and Shaftesbury and Lord Wharton, were com- mitted to the Tower, by order of. the House of Lords, for contempt. After a few days, Buckingham, Salisbury, and Wharton, were discharged on making the necessary submis- sion. Shaftesbury, however, desirous of being regarded as a popular martyr, continued to glory in his opposition, and consequently remained in confinement. As the gay duke, on being liberated from his disagreeable lodgings, was passing the windows of Shaftesbury's apartments, the stubborn earl looked out wistfully-" What," he said, "are you going to leave us " " Why, yes," replied Buckingham; " such giddy- headed fellows as I am, can never stay long in one place." It was not till nearly a year afterwards, that Shaftesbury, after having attempted to obtain redress by law, found it expedient to make the required submission, and, consequently, obtained his release from the Tower. According to Armand Carrel the final breach between the king and Buckingham took place during a passionate debate in the House of Lords. Shaftesbury had already made his peace with the popular party, who had received him with the welcome always accorded to deserters whose im- portance serves as a shield for their tergiversation. Buck- ingham would willingly, by following his example, have saved himself from impeachment, but the Commons required from him a public account of his conduct, and assailed him with humiliating reproaches. Shaken at first by the violence of these attacks, he resumed courage upon the success of several telling epigrams that fell from him in his replies to his adver- saries. In the course of this singular system of defence, by means of a figure of speech, the audacity of which became the subject of general remark, he threw upon the shoulders of 258 1670-1688.1 THE DUKE OF ALBEMARLE. the king and his brother the burden of all that he himself was charged with. "Hunting," he said, "is pleasant sport enough, but it won't do to hunt in company with a couple of madmen, or you may chance get shot between them." The king thoroughly appreciated the bitterness of this allusion, and never saw his old favourite again. Buckingham, at the death of his old master, Charles II., in i685, retired to what remained of his once princely fortune in Yorkshire. Even as early as i667 he had been looked upon as an impoverished man; in i67i his debts were esti- mated to amount to (140,000. It must, however, be admitted to his credit, that, notwithstanding his influence at court, he had refused to enrich himself out of the public purse. " If I am a grievance," he said, in his defence to the House of Commons, "I am, at least, the cheapest you ever had. I have lost as much estate as most men have got, and that is a big word. I am honest, and when I appear otherwise, I desire to die." Probably, in the last few years of his life, he became less reckless in the expenditure of his money; inas- much as, after his death, the sale of his estate realized sufficient money for the liquidation of his debts. After his retirement from the court, his time appears to have been passed in the usual amusements of the country: hos- pitality, hunting, hawking, and racing. His career on the turf was more or less successful. Many of the principal races were carried off by his horses, as already recorded in these pages. Christopher Monke, 2nd DUKE OF ALBEMARLE, on the 4th of January, I 670, succeeded to the titles and vast estates of his father. He was an easy, good-natured person, as indolent in his habits as his father had been the reverse; and was a prominent patron of the turf during the reign of Charles II. He was also Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, a member of the Privy Council, and finally Governor of Jamaica, in which island he died in i688, without leaving an heir. He married Elizabeth, daughter of the Earl of Ogle, who was a considerable heiress, but so peevish and ill-tempered that their union embittered his existence. In 259 260 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XIX. order to drown his domestic troubles in oblivion, the duke is said to have addicted himself, as a last resource, to the plea- sures of the bottle. His suppers at Newmarket, which Charles II. frequently attended, "with all the jockeys," must have been terrible affairs. On one of these occasions the duke challenged one of his guests to drink half-pint glasses by turns, as fast as they could be emptied and filled. After they had done so " for some considerable time " the guest fell asleep; two hours later he was again called to the scratch, but was unable to do so, being to all appearance dead, whereupon Sir Hans Sloane was called in, and " by bleeding, and an oil vomit, he came to himself, and next day was able to rise and walk about, but talked like a drunken man for three weeks, though otherwise perfectly recovered in appearance, and then died, almost suddenly." The duke's fate was somewhat similar to that of his friend. He possessed some very good horses, and many of the prizes won by them have been recorded in these pages. By the death of James Howard, 3rd EARL OF SUFFOLK, in i688, the turf also lost another of its most notable patrons. As we have already seen, the house of Howard (in all its various branches)-from the time of Richard II., in the person of the i4th Earl of Arundel-was conspicuously identified with the turf in breeding, training, and riding the thorough- bred race-horse. We have seen this noble family also con- nected with the sport in the North, when "Belted Will" governed that part of the realm. Later on, in the time of James I., the Howards are frequently mentioned in connec- tion with our subject, as also occasionally in the reign of the " Martyred Monarch." But it was not until after the Restora- tion that the nobleman who is the subject of this memoir flourished. At this period we have already frequently seen and heard much of at least two other members of his family, viz. the Hon. Bernard Howard, " of Norfolk," as he was popularly called -the Admiral Rous of his time; and the Some of his drafts, in connection with the turf, are still preserved at Child's Bank; they are signed with the appendage above mentioned. G7AMES HOWARD, Hon. Sir Robert Howard, Bart., the turfite, poet, dramatist, and Secretary of the Treasury, in which there was rarely any treasure. Celebrated among his contemporaries as a breeder, an owner, and a jockey-for in those days gentlemen trained and rode their own race-horses-possibly envied as an accom- plished courtier, a trusted friend, and a faithful official in the Merry Monarch's court, James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk, was successful in almost everything he attempted. Although scarcely mentioned by our historians, he deserves to be known to posterity as the saviour of his country. Those who may be indifferent to the earl's skill as a jockey, or to his career on the turf, must, at any rate, cherish his memory as a patriot. It rarely falls to the lot of an Englishman to suc- cessfully repel a foreign invasion, particularly when such an event had been accomplished at the head of one's own re- tainers. This our hero did. The circumstances attending this great, but now forgotten victory, are duly recorded in the State Papers, but as none of our historians have hitherto con- sulted those voluminous documents, and although it is perhaps as well that the whole of the humiliating disgraces which the nation then suffered should continue to remain in obscurity, it behoves us to raise the veil and show what a sportsman could and did accomplish for the Commonwealth in such a dire crisis. But we are now heading the hounds, and must hark back to record other occurrences in the earl's life, prior to that crowning incident in his career. James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk, succeeded to the honours, titles, and estates of his family on the 3rd of June, i640. He was three times married: istly, Susan, third daughter of Henry Rich, Earl of Holland, by whom he had an only daughter, Essex, who married Edward, Lord Griffin, of Bray- brooke (whose name so frequently occurs in connection with the turf in our volumes); 2ndly, Barbara, daughter of Sir Edward Villiers, and relict of Sir Richard Wentworth, by whom he had another daughter, who became the wife of Sir Thomas Felton, Bart., of Playford, county Suffolk; and 3rdly, Lady Anne Montague, eldest daughter of Robert, Earl of 16G0-1688.] 26i 262 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XIX. Montague, but by her had no issue. It may be an accidental circumstance, but it is nevertheless a curious coincidence, that the three families from which the earl took his ladies, were, as we have seen, importers and breeders of Arabian horses, and notable patrons of the turf. The earl died in i688, and thus leaving no male issue, the barony of Howard de Walden fell into abeyance between his daughters and their heirs, and so remained until inherited by the descendants of Lady Felton, while the Earldom of Suffolk devolved upon his next brother, George, the fourth earl, who died in I69i. The family honours are now held by his descendant, Henry Howard, i8th Earl of Suffolk and i ith Earl of Berkshire, the popular steward of the Jockey Club, so deservedly revered and honoured by all turfites of our own time. Reverting from the i8th Earl of Suffolk to our memoir of his predecessor, James Howard, the 3rd Earl, it is difficult, with any degree of certainty, to say when he first became associated with the turf. That his name frequently occurs in our volumes, in the saddle and out of it, we have already had abundant evidence. We find him racing at Newmarket, with Monmouth and the "jolly blades," soon after the Restoration. At this date he set his house-one of the finest in the town- in working order. He enlarged it at a considerable cost, as his other "cottage" in the neighbourhood-palatial Audley End -even at that meeting was, by common repute, destined to be soon acquired by the king. At the rear of the earl's house (which seems to have occupied the site of the now well- known Park Paddocks) were spacious stables, and all the usual adjuncts of a racing establishment. Within these precincts were frequently gathered together all the great magnates then on the turf. Probably, under its hospitable roof the strangest scene it ever witnessed was during the night of the second great fire, during the celebration of the spring meeting in i683, when Charles II., the queen, the Duke of York, and the great officers of state took refuge in it, during the panic. Many important matches were made in Lord Suffolk's house; its hospitality was proverbial; its genial circle, and the pleasures peculiar to it, elicited en- EARL OF SUFFOLK. comiums from the Grand Duke of Tuscany, who was enter- tained there in May, i669; and a generation later on, Peter the Great took up his quarters in one of its stables, in pre- ference to the state bedchamber which William Ill. provided for his Majesty of all the Russias, in the palace. Possessing so many natural accomplishments, the Earl of Suffolk was destined to become a prominent character at the court of Charles II. In August, i66o, he obtained from the king, in reversion, after Sir Robert Killigrew, the receipts, etc., arising from the sealing of writs for the Courts of King's Bench and Common Pleas. About this time he was also appointed Lord Lieutenant of Suffolk; and on the i8th of April, i66i, he was appointed Earl Marshal of England from sunrise on Thursday, April i8th, to 12 o'clock at night on Tuesday, April 23rd next following, so that all the onerous and intricate work of the coronation had to pass through his hands. In February, i662, he received a royal warrant, pro- longing the lease, which he obtained shortly after the Restora- tion, of " Suffolk stables and grounds " in the parish of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, Middlesex, from eight to sixty years, with power to build thereon, after designs to be approved by the Surveyor of Works, as well as another grant of three acres of land in the same parish for a term of fifty-two years, at an annual rent to the Crown of twenty shillings, with liberty to build more stables if they should be erected to the satis- faction of the Surveyor of Works. The designs, etc., having been duly approved by Sir John Denham, they were erected accordingly. It is apparent, from the unusual mention of the " stables " in these grants, that there was some confederacy between the Earl of Suffolk and the king, in connection with their racing studs; but it is unfortunately too ambiguous to warrant us in surmising what that confederacy may have been. The following year the earl, in part with other persons, ob- tained an important and valuable grant of marsh-lands in Kent, which he subsequently disposed of at a considerable profit. On the 4th of March, i665, the Earl of Suffolk succeeded, on the death of the Earl of Wentworth, to the reversion of the office, which had been previously obtained, of First Gentleman 1660-1688.1 263 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XIX. of the Bedchamber to the king, with a salary of iooo a year. We believe he was the last holder of this high appointment who exercised the curious, and to us almost incredible, power of arresting any subject without a warrant or other authority, but simply by virtue of holding that office. About this time we find the Earl of Suffolk, in his capacity of Lord Lieutenant of the county of Suffolk, very busy in the fiscal affairs of the county from which he took his chief title. A curious letter from Charles I.,. dated June 5th in this year, is still extant, in which the king directs the earl to transmit what money he had collected in the county up to the treasury at Whitehall. In order to guard against the highwaymen who infested the roads, minute instructions were formulated, under the royal sign manual, whereby he was enjoined to provide a suitable guard to protect the treasure in transmission. He was also instructed to see that it was care- fully transmitted from the Lord Lieutenant of one county to the next, till it finally arrived at the Tower of London, which, to quote the king, " was the safest place to keep it in these distrustful times." During the ensuing year the Earl of Suffolk had to incur a great deal of uncongenial work of a legal nature, in con- nection with the projected sale of Audley End. Thus, on the 3rd of April, i666, he had to dance attendance on the Attorney General to explain, examine, vouch, and describe all the title-deeds, etc., relating to Audley End house and park, which the king had finally consented to purchase for so,ooo. Every preliminary having been completed by the i ith of May, the Earls of Clarendon and Southampton, and Lords Arlington and Ashley, were directed to make a par- ticular survey of the house and park, which the king decided to purchase on the terms above mentioned, " many of the ancient houses of the crown having been demolished during the-late usurpation." The transfer was soon after completed; everything necessary was duly done and performed, save and except the payment of the purchase-money, and as this trifling formality remained uncompleted, the property again reverted to the earl's family in 1701 (see vol. ii. p. 262). 264 1660-1688.] HIS HOUSE IN NEWMARKET. During the Merry Monarch's reign, the Earl of Suffolk was necessarily at Newmarket during all the royal sojourns of the king and court. At the earl's " big house " in the town, the hospitality was so profuse and liberal that it was always an " open one;" but one in which the scenes of debauchery, so conspicuous in other noble and patrician establishments there, were entirely absent. In Lord Suffolk's house were frequently gathered together not only the prominent turfites of the time; it was a mutual rendezvous for the valiant, the witty, and the wise. It was at Lord Suffolk's that the clerical officials of the court sought refuge from the dissipations peculiar to the town during the racing reunions; and there too might be seen the heads of Cambridge University, the cultured and high Church clergy, and the persecuted Nonconformists (of whom Dr. Calamy the younger was conspicuous), which latter sect, whether from policy, or actuated by his usual good nature, Charles was pleased to see about him during those race meetings. While the stables and the paddocks of Suffolk House were frequented by " horsey men," its salons were thronged with persons of refinement and culture in all their phases. The master of the house was equally at home with all comers, no matter whether they were proficient in hunting, hawking, or racing. If they were adepts in the arts of peace or war, he could entertain them with equal felicity. It is needless to here recapitulate the incidents in connection with the earl's career at Newmarket and on other courses, as they are already indicated throughout various parts of these volumes. Neither is it necessary to refer to any par- ticular event in connection with his life at Newmarket during his frequent visits. But before closing this brief memoir, we must not omit to allude to the greatest incident in his life- that in which he surpassed himself as a jockey, a turfite, or a courtier, namely, as a general in the field. The summer of i667 should be very memorable, as it witnessed the greatest disgrace our nation ever sustained. The Dutch admiral, De Ruyter, with a division of his fleet, sailed triumphantly up the Thames as far as Gravesend, and soon destroyed the shipping in the river, including three of -26 5 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XIX. our best men of war, the Royal Yames, the Oak, and the London. That England, so lately the mistress of the ocean, should be unable to meet her enemies at sea, and that the Dutch, whom she had so often defeated, should ride trium- phant in her rivers, burn her ships, and scatter dismay throughout the capital and country, caused the people to wish for a return of true Britons, like Cromwell and Blake. After having played their havoc with our unprotected shipping in the Thames, the Dutch,.on the ebb of the tide, leisurely sailed down the river, the whole fleet meeting, according to a prior arrangement, off Harwich, where they expected to meet with no resistance, and from that anchorage they contemplated to land an irresistible force, to overrun and devastate the whole of the Eastern counties. We had no standing army. Lord Grandison's regiment of Guards were but a handful of men, serviceable perhaps at Whitehall Palace or at Newmarket, when the court was there and robbers prowl- ing about. The Admiralty was in a state of bankruptcy, the sailors refused to serve, the labourers to work, the merchants to sell without immediate payment, and to procure ready money from the treasury, or by loan from the money-lenders, was impossible. The threatened descent at Harwich was looked upon as a " walk over'" for the Dutch; for the people asked, how could it be resisted There was no prospect of such another storm as that which shattered the Spanish Armada in 1588. The weather was fine, and likely to con- tinue so, until the Dutch had overrun the country, and chose to depart with what spoil they wished to take away with them. Then came a report that Lord Suffolk, who had been recently appointed Governor of Landgrave Fort, had collected his own retainers, and manned the guns. But what could be expected from an undisciplined force like this, against the con- quering Hollanders. Despatches were sent up from Harwich confirming the arrival of the collective Dutch fleet, a total of eighty sail. The dreadful news was kept quiet in London, but those in the secret dared not even to hope against hope. The Dutch were certain to have it all their own way, so the courtiers in London resigned themselves to fate. 266 A FAMOUS VICTOR 2. But the apathy in the metropolis, and the hopelessness of the situation at Whitehall, presented a very different picture at the seat of war. There Lord Suffolk had already put all the poor machinery at his disposal, as the Lord Lieutenant of the county, into force; he worked day and night; he got together every man, woman, and child that could help in the emergency, and at the last moment every able-bodied man and boy from Newmarket to Harwich was pressed into his service. Certainly it was a poor force to encounter the in- vaders. At any rate, his retainers, such as they were, were prepared to make some show of resistance. Could the most sanguine even dream that he and they were destined to redeem the disgrace at Chatham It is said that Providence is invariably on the side of the strongest battalions; but on the turf it often happens that there is nothing so likely as the unexpected. And so it happened here. On the 2nd of July, about four thousand of the enemy, "with scaling-ladders and culverins," landed from the fleet to storm the fort. They were twice repulsed, and eventually defeated by Lord Suffolk's retainers with heavy loss. This victory did much to redeem the disgrace we suffered in the Thames; it taught the Hollanders that there was life in the old dog yet; it materially contributed to the cessation of hostilities, and peace was soon after declared. For obvious reasons, the whole affair was made little of by the authorities, and it was effectually hushed up. Lord Suffolk was too good a patriot and too much of a courtier to resent the indifference with which his valiant services were acknowledged and un- rewarded. Many men, who served their country less nobly, have been honoured with dukedom and pension, and a torch- light funeral to the Abbey. Nevertheless, the life of James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk, is a testimony of what an English sportsman is capable, when his country requires his service in her hour of need. State Papers, Dom.,fassim, MS., P. R. 0. ; Harl. MS., 1884, fo. 2id; and vol. ii., passim, where references are cited. 1667-1688.3 267 BOOK XX. THE ANNALS OF THE TURF IN TIHE REIGN OF WILLIAM III.-I 689-i693. Introduction: Accession of William III.-He patronises the turf-His racing establishment-Stimulus given to the national sport-The great Whig turfites-Devonshire, Bolton, Cutts, Ross, Lowther, Lovelace, Sir John Parsons, &c.-Glance at the popular race- meetings in 1689-Bigotry of the King-Orders the statute forbidding Catholics to keep horses above the value of 5 to be enforced- Examples showing how this penal law was enforced-Noblemen and gentlemen deprived of their studs under the statute in the North of England-Enforced by the sheriffs-List of the victims, with names and descriptions of horses seized-Brief review of racing in 1690, 16g9, and i692-Norden's great ride of 18o miles against time-Glance at the turf in I693-Articles for the Lilly Hoo Plate-i694 New fixtures-Revival of the races at Salis- bury-Progress of the national sport in i695 and 1696-Great law- suits between William III. and the Duke of Devonshire about a horse race-Verdicts for the duke-i697. Revival of the turf in Ireland-The King's plate on the Curragh-Temporary lull in the progress of the turf in England-The war-Absence of the King on the continent-Scarcity of bullion-Some of the summer meet- ings postponed-Resumption of racing in the autumn-I698. Pro- gress of the sport-Numerous race-meetings throughout the country-Prevalence of large sums run for in matches-Heavy -betting-Articles and subscribers of the i i stone plate at Thetford- i 699. Brief review of the turf at the close of the 17th century- Great distemper among horses-Thoroughbreds comparatively free from its ravages-Veterinary science-Quackery-A retrospect- Memoirs of the Duke of Bolton, the Duke of Grafton, the Duchess of Mazarin, the Duchess of Cleveland, Sir Robert Howard, and other THE ANNALS OF THE TURF. notable turfites of the period-THE ANNALS: i689. Chipping Norton - Melsham-Nottingham-Newport Pagnel - Quainton - Basingstoke-Hurley-Clireden-1690. Woodstock-Lambourn- Melsham-Nottingham-Newport Pagnel-Richmond-Basingstoke -High Wycomb-i691. Kosby Heath-Stamford-Woodstock- Newport Pagnel-Atherston-Banstead Downs-High Wycomb- I692. Farringdon-Banstead Downs-Woodstock-Ripon-Rich- mond-Malton-Burford-1693. High Wycomb-Durham-Far- ringdon-Stapleton-Ripon-Quainton-Lilly Hoo-Woburn. ON the accession of William I II. the turf came more prominently than ever to the front among our popular pastimes. The king had served a William III. good apprenticeship in the mysteries of Introduction. horse-racing during his visits to England in 109L1. the days of the Merry Monarch. Whether from in- clination or policy, he now identified himself with this sport, by attending race-meetings, breeding thorough- bred stock, and running his own horses at Newmarket, and probably on other courses, from time to time, in different parts of the country. The royal racing establishment was placed under the management of Tregonwell Frampton, than whom no abler person for that purpose could be found. The palace, stables, gardens, etc., at Newmarket, were kept in a thorough state of repair, upon which considerable sums were expended. Many prominent turfites, who had been under a cloud for reasons political, now reappeared. Conspicuous among these were Tom. Wharton, Sidney Godolphin, the Duke of " Tregonel Frampton Esq., Supervisor of the Race-Horses at New- market, for the Maintainence of io boys, their Lodgings, &c., and for Provisions of Hay, Oats, Bread, and all other necessaries for IO Race- Horses Iooo per Annum."-Angliae Notitia, Part iv. p. 5o6. London, 1700. 1689.] 269 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BoK XX. Devonshire, Lord Cutts, Sir John Parson, Lord Ross, Sir J. Lowther, Lord Lovelace, etc. Racing was conducted on much the same lines as had been in vogue during the preceding reign. The localities of the sport were also similar. Commencing with Newmarket spring meeting, we read of Chipping Norton, Melsham in Wiltshire, Newport Pagnel, Quainton, Basingstoke, Hurley; and Clireden. The Newmarket October meeting was re-established and patronized by the king with his presence, although it is to be regretted that whilst there he gave orders for putting the Act in execution for seizing the horses of Papists above 5 value. The following are examples of the formula observed in exercising this iniquitous statute: " Collo. Bubb, Grant of Horses WILLIAM R. "Whereas there are in your custody (as Wee are informed) three Stoned Horses and two Geldings, that is to say two Stoned Horses and one Gelding seized and taken of and from Francis Howard of Corby Esq' and one Stoned Horse and one Gelding seized and taken from Henry Dacres of Lannerd Course Esqr in the County of Cumberland Papists or reputed Papists pursuant to an Act of Parliament passed in the first yeare of Our Reigne, for or by reason of their refusing to make repeat and subscribe the Declarac'on set down and expressed in the act of Par'lt made in the Thirteenth yeare of the Reigne of the late King Charles the Second, wch said Horses are by the said Act passed in the said first yeare of Our Reigne for the reasons therein menc'oned declared to be forfeited to us and our Sucessors. And whereas Jeremiah Bubb Govern' of Our Castle of Carlisle hath humbly besought us to give the said Horses and Geldings to him, Wee considering the 270 ]A GRIEVOUS LAW. request of the said Jeremiah Bubb as also the good and faithful services performed to us are graciously pleased to condescend to his said request And doe by these presents give to the said Jeremiah Bubb the said Horses and Geldings: Our Will and Pleasure therefore is and wee doe hereby require and command you to deliver to the said Jeremiah Bubb or his Assignes the said Horses and Geldings, he first of all defraying the charges of their keeping since they were seized and taken as aforesaid and for so doeing this shalbe to you and to all others a sufficient Warrt. Given at our Court at Kensington the 9th day of Aprill In the second yeare of Our Reign. By his Mal' Command R. H[ampden], S[tephen] F[ox], T. P[elham]. To our Trusty & Wellbeloved x'Vrfer Dalston, Storekeeper of Our Garrison of Carlisle, or to the Storekeeper for the time being." Sir Jonathan Jennings, Knt., late High Sheriff of" our County of Yorkshire," was presented by the king with fourteen horses, mares, and geldings which were seized for his Majesty from the following poor Papists in the premier county: " One Sorrell Mare wth a white Racle, 3 white feet and a switch Taile; One Dunn Mare Wth a long Taile; One Bay Mare wt" a white Racle and a long Tayle; One Brown Bay Mare Wth 2 white hinder Feet, a white starr and a Switche Tail, all belonging to Sr John Lawson of Brough. One grey horse of Francis Calvert Gent; One Bay Horse of John Rider Gent; One Grey Horse of Robert Plumpton Gent; One Bay Gelding of John Middleton Esq.; One Bay Mare belonging to Mr. Walsworth of Whenly; One Bay Mare belonging to Mr. Shainthiff of ye same Towne; One Bay Gelding belonging to Mr. Blumer; Two Stoned Horses the one a Grey the other a Bay belonging to William Collingwood Esq'; One Sanded Grey Gelding belonging to Win. Peirson of Stakesley."- Treasury Books. King's Warrant Book, vol. vii. pp. 393, 395, MSS., P. R. O. The Annals of the racing in i690 commenced with the gold plate given by Lord Lovelace, and run for at 1689.1 271 THE HISTORY OF NEWAMARKET. [BooK XX. Woodstock on the i i th of April; Lambourn almost clashing with that fixture. Newmarket spring meet- ing was postponed till May. Melsham celebrated its inaugural races during the Whitsun holidays. Notting- ham meeting took place in July. Newport Pagnel, as usual, in September; and on the 23rd and 24th of that month the races at Richmond, in Yorkshire, came off. In October, Newmarket and 13asingstoke; while at High Wycomb, the loyalty of the authorities induced them to defer the races there till the 5th of November -the anniversary of the day "the King landed in England." As it happens he was not king on that memorable occasion, or if he was, all our historians and chroniclers are very much mistaken. No doubt his health was drunk deeply at the entertainment given by Lord Lovelace on the afternoon in question: apparently it was rehearsed with all the honours when the fixture was announced in the preceding month. At any rate the turf owes a good deal to this cele- brated Whig nobleman for the encouragement he gave to the national sport; nor should the hospitality he extended to its supporters be forgotten. In April, i69i, races were held at Rosby Heath, in Lincolnshire; Sanford, in Berks, clashing with it. Towards the end of the month the gold cup was run for at Newmarket, when it is probable the king was present, at which meeting many important races came off, of which we have no details. At Woodstock, the fixture for the gold plate given by Lord Lovelace, after being changed from the i I th to the i 9th of April, ultimately came off on the i9th of May. Another 272 RIDING AGAINST TIME. meeting was held there in September. The races at Newport Pagnel, in Bucks, and Atherston, in Warwickshire, were run during September; and High Wycomb, and Banstead Downs, near Epsom, in November, which brings our record for that year to an end. Although we hear nothing of Newmarket, there is little doubt the spring meeting at head-quarters was productive of good sport. The first racing of I692 occurs in these annals at Sanford, in April, with Ban- stead Downs following in May. Woodstock's merry meeting, superintended by Lovelace and Wharton, was held in September. Later in the autumn, the North of England probably witnessed good sport at Ripon, Richmond, and Malton. South of Trent all is silent, save the curious match against time, under- taken by Mr. Norden, to ride i8o miles in twenty hours on a public road. The odds against him doing it were ten to one. However, the layers of the odds lost; Norden rode the distance in fifteen hours, and netted a large sum, as appears from the contemporary accounts of the affair, which we append: "One Mr. Norden has given 5 guineas to several gentle- man to receive 50 of each if he rides i8o miles in 20 hours on some common road, and has leave to change 1692 horses: he starts at Ware, the 22nd, and if he wins will get near 2000: he has published an advertisement in this days Gazet of it, to give those concerned notice to be present at it."-Luttrell's Diary, September IS, I692, vol. ii. p. 566. " Mr. Norden began his race on Thursday last at ii at night by Moonshine from Ware, and rode to and from thence VOL. III. T 1691-1692.] 273 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XX. to London, ioo miles by 7 next morning, then rested and slept 2 houres; and set out again a little after 9, and performed it by 2 in the afternoon, in the whole 15 hours; and used 6 horses, and won for 200 guineas 2ooo himselfe, and many other wagers more; and many spectators."-Luttrell's Diary, September 24, p. 573. "These are to give Notice, that Mr. Norden, who under- took, at New-Market, and other places, to Ride on Horse- back within a certain limited time, intends to attempt the same upon the common Road betwixt Ware and London; and to Start at Ware, either upon Thursday the 22d Instant in the Evening, or early next Morning: All persons there- fore, that are concerned are hereby desired to be present, if they think fit, in order to see the thing duly perform'd, and prevent disputes."-The " London Gazette," September 1d, i692, No. 280i. In i693 the races at High Wycomb were held as usual during the Easter holidays; Durham followed in May (two days) with its summer meeting, where also an autumnal gathering assembled in the ensuing August. In the home counties the soul-stirring drum and the musket's loud alarm warned the company to clear the course at Farringdon, Quainton, and Woburn, while in Yorkshire racing at Stapleton and Ripon is specifically mentioned. At Lilly Hoo, in Hertford- shire, what subsequently proved a successful fixture was inaugurated on Michaelmas Day this year. The articles for the plate run for at this meeting are, strange to say, still extant, and as they may be taken as an example of similar rules and regulations by which such races were governed in those days, we append a copy of them verbatim et literatim: 274 ARTICLES OF "ARTICLES agreed vpon this seaventh day of September Anno Din i693, for a plate to be run for yearly 163. for the space of three years vpon Lilley Hoo in the county of Hertford: I. IMPRIS It is agreed that any Horse Mare or Gelding may run for this Plate that never run for above fifty pounds in Plate or Match; 2. It is agreed that every Horse Mare or Gelding that runs for this Plate shall carry ten Stone weight with Bridle Saddle and one pound shall be allowed for wasting eury Heat ; 3. It is agreed that eury Horse Mare or Gelding that shall be intended to run for this Plate shall be shewn & entered at the signe of the Running Horse in Lilley a weeke before the day appointed for the Race any tyme before Sunsett; 4 It is agreed that eury Horse Mare or Gelding that runs for this Plate shall Start at the Starting Post on Lilley Hoo betwixt the hours of one & three of the Clock and Run the three Heats four Mile each heat as the same are marked out on Lilley Hoo leaving all posts & Flaggs on the left hand saveing one Flagg standing or to be placed as usually near the two posts by the Corner & that only shall be left on the right hand & halfe an hour shall be allowed for rubbing betwixt each heat; 5. For the Provideing of this Plate & ordering the Course It is agreed that Henry Sykes shall be Clerke of the Course for the Space of three yeares, And it is seurally agreed by us whose names are subscribed & we do hereby V'mise to pay unto the said Henry Sykes the seuTall & respective sumies hereunder subscribed yearly at demand during the said three years And in case failure shall happen to be made of any of the said respective paym' that then we the sd Subscribers doe agree that eury such subscriber soe neglecting to pay the same shall forfeit to the said Henry Sykes the sumie of five pounds out of wch respective sumies he may lawfully deduct the some of forty shillings for his paynes & trouble; 1693.1 275 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XX. 6. It is agreed that the Owner of the wining Horse Mare or Gelding shall give to the Clerke of the Race twenty shillings vpon the deliury of the Plate; 7. It is agreed that if any Subscriber enters any Horse Mare or Gelding to run for this Plate in any of the three years he shall make his Subscription money evry year Forty Shillings as well that year he runs noe Horse as that year he shall run a Horse that there may be noe inequallity in the Subscriptions; 8. It is agreed that the moneys paid unto the Clerke of the Course over & above the Surines hereundr Subscribed shall goe towards the bettering of the Plate the ensueing year & other incident extraordinary occasional Charges; 9. It is agreed that noe Subscriber shall enter more than one Horse Mare or Gelding as a founder; IO. It is agreed that if any Horse Mare or Gelding fairly entered wins two Heats together & saves distance the third, if required to run a third such Horse Mare or Gelding shall be adjudged to win the Plate & the owner of such Horse Mare or Gelding may receive it or any other person for such owner. I I. It is agreed that if three seurall Horses Mares or Geldings win three Seurall Heats a fourth heat must be run and the Horse Mare or Gelding that wins the heat shall be adjudged to have won the Plate, And it may be deliured to the owner of such Horse Mare or Gelding or to any other V'son for the use of such owner; 12. It is agreed that the Owner of the winning Horse Mare or Gelding or some other sufficient O'son for such owner notwthstanding the two Articles above meneoned for the deliury of the Plate shall enter into a Bond before the deliury of the Plate if required of the Penalty of one hundred pounds for the paymt of fifty pounds to the Owner of the Horse Mare or Gelding that shall come second to the ending post and five pounds to the Clerke of the Race in case such Horse Mare or Gelding shall have run for above fifty pounds in Plate or Match, And if such Bond shall be refused to be entred into then it 276 1THE LILLY HOO PLATE. Shall be lawfull for the Clerk of the Course to deliur the Plate to the Owner of such Horse Mare or Gelding that came next best for the Plate who is hereby adjudged & declared to have won it, And if a Bond be entered into the same together w'h a Warrt of Attorney to putt it in Suite Shall be left in the hands of the Clerke of the Course; I 3. It is agreed that the Clerke of the Course shall keepe a Booke wherein shall be fairly entred such moneys as he shall receive & pay weh may be inspected by any Sub- scriber eury Race; I4. It is mutually agreed that if any Rider strike or take hold of another or shew any mannr of fowl play Contrary to the Rules of Newmrkett the Horse Mare or Gelding shall soe doe, shall be adjudged to have lost the Plate, And if such foul play be shewn the first or second Heat such Horse Mare or Gelding shall run noe more for the Plate; I5. And alsoe is mutually agreed that if any disputes or Controursies doe arise concrning the Plate riding entrance or race they shall be considered & detrmined by a majority of the Subscribers Y'sent. i6. It is agreed that eurry Stranger on the entring day shall pay four pounds and five shillings, & euty subscriber his subscription money & likewise five shillings for the entring of his horse, to the Clerke of the Course."-Add. MS. 28,093. In the annals of the ensuing year we find no material change in the meetings mentioned in the preceding one except at Ripon, where a second was held in September. Racing at Blandford, Dorsetshire -a new fixture-occupied two days in June, while at Salisbury the national sport was once more revived. Amidst the party contentions which now agitated all classes of the community, and the hostile feelings 1694.1 277 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET [BOOK XX. which they engendered, the inclination for public amusements appears to have slackened. The races, in particular, "which had hitherto proved a source of advantage to the city of Salisbury, and a point of union for the gentry of the country, were in a great degree neglected." The corporation accordingly en- deavoured to attract company by offering additional encouragement to competitors. And on March 30, I694, the chamberlain was ordered to pay 5 to Mr. Thomas Goddard, towards buying a piece of plate, for the encouragement of gentlemen to run the heats in that year, on Salisbury Plain, to be added to such other moneys, " as Mr. Goddard hath already collected, for the same purpose." . For the year i695 more detailed accounts of the progress and proceedings of the turf are available. Near Epsom, on Banstead Downs, three meetings were held: February, May, and August. Towards the end of March we read of the first meeting at Woburn, and another in September. In May races were held at Farringdon, Hampton, and Lincoln. Burford followed in June. Windsor, Newcastle, and Quainton, in August; and Richmond and Ripon, the latter with a second fixture, in September; in this month the sport was continued at Lilly Hoo and Abingdon. Durham races were probably run for in this month also. October was the most interesting in the calendar, winding up the season at Newport Pagnel, Ormskirk, and Newmarket. Records of the Corporation of Salisbury, quoted by Sir R. C. Hoare, Bart, " Hist. Wilts," vol. vi. p. 493. 278 PROGRESS OF THE TURF Although we have seen or heard nothing of the sport at Newmarket since the spring meeting of i691, there is, nevertheless, little doubt more or less races had taken place on that famous heath during the interval. However, the October meeting of I695 attracted considerable attention. The king attended with a brilliant suite, and had the pleasure of seeing the town plate won by his own horse. He narrowly missed seeing the town burnt down for the third time. That, however, was a misfortune still to come. In I696 racing was resumed in Passion Week at Woburn, where, as usual, the landlords of the George and the Cock (apparently the promoters of the meet- ing) provided good ordinaries for their Protestant patrons. In May the first reunion on Banstead Downs came off, and the -second on Bartholomew's Day as heretofore. At Whitechurch and Daventry the sports took place during Whitsun-week. In July, at Ormskirk, the 30 plate was run for by horses, the 5 tumbler by men, and a smock "of one guinea value, and a guinea in gold," by women. Quainton, Abingdon, Woodstock, Newport Pagnel, Woburn, Lilly Hoo, and the autumn plate given by Lord Derby at Ormskirk, were got through in September. So far as these annals extend, the season terminated on the 2ISt of October at Swaffham, in Norfolk, a recent creation, where the principal attraction was a plate of 70. Still no news of Newmarket, Doncaster, and John Burrowes, Esq., Knight Harbinger, received 376 for his charges in attending the king to Newmarket, Althorp, etc., in the year 1695 and i696.-Accs. Treasurer of the Chamber, Exch. L. T. R., Bundle 12, m 7 d. 1695-1696.] 279 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XX. other well-known racing centres, where, beyond doubt, the sport continued, although no mention of what took place can be ascertained. Many of these meetings were, nevertheless, associated with stirring events. For instance, an alleged false start in some important race, probably at Newmarket, gave employment to the gentlemen of the long robe. In this cause c1ebre the litigants were no less than the king, in the person of Tregonwell Frampton, and the Duke of Devonshire. After two trials in the Court of Common Pleas, the duke obtained a verdict. The dispute seems to be hushed up, and so effectually, that no reference to it appeared in the newspapers of the day. Stranger still, the rolls of the court are silent on the action, as after a careful and prolonged search we have been unable to find any pleadings; not even the judgment has been recorded! "On Tuesday [Qy. Feb. i, i697-8] was a great tryal at the common pleas between the duke of Devon and Mr. Frampton about starting at a horse-race, where the former won 500 guineas; and the jury, without going from the barr, gave a verdict for his grace." " Yesterday [Qy. June I5, i6n] was a tryal in the court of common pleas between the duke of Devon and Mr. Frampton about a horse race, and a verdict given for his Grace."-Luttrell's Diary, vol. iv. pp. 340, 528. Our record of horse-racing in I697 commences with the revival of the sport in the Sister Isle, where the turf was progressing on the famous short At this time guineas were current for 22s. each; they passed for 26s. each in Ireland, but the exportation of those coins was soon after suppressed. 280 TEMP. WILLIAMI III. grass of the Curragh, on the 8th of April, apparently under distinguished patronage. The chief event of the meeting was a plate worth ioo guineas, to be com- peted for, in three heats, by any horse carrying io stone. The Newmarket spring meeting attracted con- siderable notice. The king intended to be present, but war broke out, and instead of going to Newmarket he went to Holland. Although the country was fear- fully agitated and unsettled, specie at an unprece- dented premium, a foreign invasion expected, the national sport still held its onward course. Some of the summer meetings were apparently abandoned; but in the Whitsun holidays the Burford gathering took place. In the autumn the crisis passed away, and racing was once more in full swing at Winchester, Quainton, Lilly Hoo, Abingdon, Market Rowell, Woodstock, Woburn, Nottingham, Manchester, Swaff- ham, Hampton, Newport Pagnel, finally ending with what seems to have been a steeple-chase, at North- ampton. As we approach the end of the seventeenth century, the records of the turf become more copious; the meetings more numerous, the sport more popular. The season of I698 auspiciously commenced with Newmarket spring reunion, which was attended by the king and "abundance" of the nobility and gentry, while the public mustered in great force. Nothing was left undone to secure his Majesty's comfort, and to conduce to the sports during the sojourn of the court. The guards, as usual, were on duty to protect WVilliam's sacred person from the designs of highway- 1697-1698.] 281 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XX. men and fanatics, religious and political. Creature comforts for the inner man were provided in sufficient abundance to meet the heavy calls of hospitality peculiar to such occasions. In case the royal hounds would be insufficient for the grand chase, the Prince of Nassau's famous pack was sent down to contribute to the sport. But the magnitude of the field some- times spoiled what would have been a good spin with a lesser following. Hawking and shooting, in which the king was proficient, owing to the time of the year, were more or less neglected. The game chanticleer, so emblematic of British pluck and endurance, enjoyed the time pugnaciously, while he added to the pleasures of the company and caused much money to change hands. Of the races anon. Among the distinguished visitors were the Prince of Denmark, the Duke of Nassau, many notable foreigners, and nearly all the corps diplomatique; a rollicking Trs]ar might be seen among the crowd enjoying the fun, in the unsophisticated manner peculiar to that eccentric potentate. As appears from the list published in the " Post Man," and similar contem- porary accounts, the nobility were very numerous to whom the king extended right royal hospitality.t His When Peter the Great went to Oxford, incognita, he was recognized and made much of, which so displeased him that he immediately left the city " without visiting any one or seeing the place." f "Expenss Extraordinar' pro Dom Conduct et, in Officio Stabut Dm' Re apud Newmarket mense Aprilis i698 Iviij'" iiij. "Expenss vict Dom Conduct, et at Extraordinar' pro Domino Rege LL cum Famila apud New Markett mense Aprilis i698-MMxlv` xviijs ix" ob."-Wardrobe Accounts, Cofferer of the Household, Series I., Box E., Rot. 155, Exch. L. T. R., MS., P. R. 0. 282! NE WMARKET. Majesty's horses invariably won during the meeting. In some instances they ran for heavy stakes; two thousand guineas, equal to, perhaps, 20,000 in our money, was the stake in one match between the king and the Duke of Somerset. Although the result of this sporting event has not transpired, we know that his Majesty's Stiff Dick beat Lord Wharton's hitherto invincible Careless, and that he was again successful with Turk, who beat Lord Carlisle's Spot. Both matches were for 500. The betting was very heavy, particularly on the last-mentioned match, when the odds were 3 to i against the king's horse, which won hard held, whereupon " a world of money" changed hands. The king's plate was carried off by Sir John Parson's gray gelding. Mr. Harvey's Hopley beat Mr. Row's Quainton. The Duke of Devonshire's Looby beat Mr. Harvey's Lobcock. Another im- portant match between Lord Wharton's Colchester and Lord Ross's Darius was awarded to the former, owing to some irregularity, contrary to the articles, in the running. The result gave much dissatisfaction. The horses were again matched, and ran shortly after for ioo, when Darius proved successful. The details of these and some other races will be found in Book XVIII., to which we refer the reader. In other parts of the country horse-racing continued to make rapid strides. On Banstead Downs the usual fixtures were observed in May and August, when the prizes were more valuable, the competitors more numerous, and the sport more exciting. At Bakewell, in Derbyshire, a 30 plate was run for on Cowden 1698.] 283 THE HISTORY OF IVEWMARKET. [BOOK XX. course in July, the only meeting we have heard of in that month; while in August there was a plethora of racing at Nottingham, Winton, Hanslope, Manchester, Quainton, and Doncaster. In September the sport continued at Rothwell Slade, Abingdon, Windsor, Woodstock, Thetford, and Lilly Hoo. In October Swaffham in Norfolk, and Stonehenge in Wiltshire, are the only fixtures to be met with; the racing season finally terminating at Lancaster on the 5th of December. Before concluding our review of the racing in I698, we beg to refer the reader to the subjoined articles for the I I stone plate to be run for at Thetford in the month of September, in this and the two following years. The autographs of eight noblemen and eleven commoners, who were subscribers to it, appear at foot of the original document, which is preserved in the Bodleian Library, Oxford: ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT Agreed vpon made and Con- cluded by the Persons whose names are Subscribed for a Plate to be runn for at Thettford in the Countys of Norfolke and Suffolke the last Fryday in September for the yeares i698, I699 and 1700.- ISt IMPRIMUS [sic] every Horsse Mare or Gelding shall be ready to start at Two of the Clock in the Afternoone and shall carry Eleaven Stones Weighing the Saddle and Bridle and Fourteen pounds to the Stone. 2dly. WHATSOEVER Horsse Mare or Gelding Rides for this Plate shall be shewed and have his or her Colour Markes and Owners Name entered by the Steward or his Deputy at the Bell Inn in Thettford betweene the hours of Two and Five on Thursday in the Afternoone which shall be 284 THE THIETFORD ARTICLES. the Thursday Fortnight before the day of running and from that time shall be kept at Thettford otherwise shall not be permitted to runn. 3dly EVERY Horsse &cB not belonging to a Contributer shall stake Five Guineys before starting and if a Contributer put in more then one horsse he shall for the same stake Five Guineys all which stakes shall goe to the second horss for ye Plate. 4thly THE Plate shall be wonne by Running round certaine Posts as they shall be sett out by the Steward leaving all the Posts the first Heat on the right hand the Second on the left and soe changing each Heat. 5thly WHATSOEVER Horsse &ca in any of the Heats shall runn all the rest out of distance of Twelve Score yards He shall winne the Prize. 6thly WHATSOEVER horsse &c" Winns any Two heats and comes within distance of the Third heat shall have the Prize. 7thly HALF an hour betweene every heat shall be allowed to Rubb. 8thly WHATSOEVER Horsse &ce Runns within any of the Posts or wants weight or that comes not within the distance Flagg sett vp for that purpose of the first Horsse shall runn .no more nor winn any Prize. 9thly IF Three severall Horsses winn each of them a Heat those Three only shall runn a fourth and the horsse that winns that heat shall have the Prize. iothly WHATSOEVER Horsse &ce Winns the Prize shall give a Guiney to the Flaggs and Scales and two Guineys to the Poor of the Towne. i ithly WHATEVER difference shall happen in the Riding for r SAP this plate or vpon these Articles shall be decided VL PENCE A by the Major part of the Contributers present. I2thly THE Contributers have Chosen James Sloane Esqr Steward for this year I698 and thereafter a new Steward to be chosen by the Major part of the Contributers. 13 THE Steward every year shall Chose two Judges which shall see all Riders weighed and decide which Horsse 1698.] 285 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XX. comes in first and in what place every severall horsse comes in. 14 Every Owner of any horsse &c" that Starteth for this Plate shall be obliged to sell such horsse Mare or Gelding for Thirty Guineys the Contributers present shall throw dice who shall be the Purchaser and he who throwes most at three Throwes shall be the Purchaser. I5 NoE Horsse Mare or Gelding shall runn for this Plate that hath ever before Runn for any other Plate or for mony above the value of Tenn pounds and if any horsse &ca shall start for this Plate and if it shall be afterwards proved that he hath runn for any other Plate or for money above the value of Tenn pounds he shall have no share in this Plate and shall forfeitt the Summe of Fifty pounds and to give Bond for the same before he Starts to the Steward in trust for such for the same. [Some name erased here.] THO. FELTON . 21b I. HERVEY . . 21 JAMES SLOANE . 59 JAMES GRAY IA. VERNON THo. NEALE IOH HAVES ARTH. MOORE ANTH. ROWE 11b .I . 2 21i . 2 2g I subscribe five Guineys this yeare towards makeing ye Ground & Stakes, & five Guineys a yeare to ye Plate for ye two next yeares. Contributer as shall sue OXFORD five Guineys T WHARTON . 2 RADNOR . . 2 PETERBOROW . 2 GODOLPHIN . 2b CORNWALLIS . 2" BURLINGTON 311 RICHMOND . 2 THO. CHUTE Ilb gold [t This is not plainly written.] J. WILLIAMSON.t [Endorsed :-] Articles for a hors Race.t Bodleian Charters, Norfolk, No. 533. 286 t See vol. "H. PP- 353-355- 9THE BEGINNING OF THE END The seventeenth century finished full of running. So far as our own records go the year i699 exhibits more racing than any other up to this date. Three meetings came off prior to the Newmarket Spring, which latter attracted the presence of royalty, when most of the nobility and gentry addicted to the turf were to be seen upon the famous heath. The public mustered in force, and many sporting citizens arrived after the Easter Monday Epping Hunt festival had been duly celebrated. A strong body of the Guards, as usual, were on duty. Hospitality was profuse, and, in short, everything was done that human foresight could devise to make this reunion at head- quarters a success beyond precedent. Unfortunately, at the last moment a serious malady broke out among the horses in all parts of the kingdom, that threatened to put a stop to the meeting. This epidemic raged in London and many parts of the kingdom, and sub- sequently extended to Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. Few horses escaped the contagion, and those affected seldom recovered their wonted strength and vigour. Strange to say, the epidemic did not very seriously affect the racehorses at Newmarket; and although the worst consequences were feared, the races, with a few exceptions, took place without let or hindrance. The partial immunity of the racers from the distemper, while nearly all the saddle and coach horses at New- market were struck prostrate with it, is remarkable. The veterinary surgeons had a busy time during the The king's expenses, in one department, at Newmarket from April i ith to April i9th amounted to Zi263 9s. 'old. 1699.] 287 8HE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XX. ravages of the disease, when quacks of all sorts apparently found plenty of dupes. Among the specifics advertised the following deserves repro- duction: " A Certain Remedy for the Reigning Distemper now amongst Horses: Being that which does not fail to cure at twice using Not only curing those that are Distemper'd, but also preserves from Infection those that are sound. Hundreds of Horses have been already cured that had been almost killed by Unexperienced Pretenders. Sold at 2s. 6d. a Dose; with a Bill of Directions how to use it; sealed with four Martlets in a plain Eustcutcheon to prevent Counterfeits; and is only to be had at the Places following: Mr. Lacy, Stationer in Borrough, Southiwark; Mr. West, Stationer in Toolystreet, Sotithwark; Mr. Baxhill, Tallow Chandler, White- chapel; Mr. Downing at the Coach and Horses, Bishopsgate- street; Mr. Drury at the King's Head Old jury; at Yates's Coffee House Smithfield," &c., &c.-The " Flying Post," April "s, i699, No. 6io. The distemper was severely felt in the West of England. It also raged in France, Flanders, and Holland. Returning from this digression to the races at Newmarket, we read that the plate was won by Mr. Bruce's horse. The great match for /i9oo between Lord Wharton and the Duke of Devonshire was won by the former with his celebrated horse Careless. Captain Mortimer won his match with Mr. Jennings. " In I699, between March and June, was a strange and universal distemper among horses, attended with a running at the nose. Almost all the horses in the land were sick and many died. On this account they were sold very cheap: one farrier bought seven horses with their saddles for seven pounds."-Municipal Archives of Bristol, sub anno. -Y88 1699.] OF THE TURF IN THE 17TH CENTURY. The king's horse Cupid beat Mr. Harvey's mare, but his Majesty was unsuccessful in a similar bout with Captain Tankard. Sir George Warbleton was defeated in a match owing to his horse having taken the distemper. The king was again victorious with Stiff Dick, and several other important races came off, the particulars of which have not transpired. Upon the whole the meeting passed off to the satisfaction of those most concerned. The amusements included hunting and cockfighting; and on Sunday, after church, the royal party visited the Heath to inspect the horses and see them take their watering courses-one of the most interesting Sabbath ceremonies at Newmarket in those days. In other parts of the country races were held-at Swaffham in March and October;. at Lilly Hoo in March and September. In the county of Durham a new fixture occurs at Whitburn-Lisard, on the 25th of March, while at the capital of that palatial county the racing festival was held in May. At Stapleton-Leas in Yorkshire two plates were run for during the merry month. In June the sport was carried on at Daventry, Lavington, and Banstead Downs; Doncaster and Windsor following in July. In August turfites were busy at Nottingham, Winchester, Hanslope, and Bake- well; in September at Rothwell-Slade, Market-Drayton, Coventry, Quainton, Lincoln, Abingdon, Woodstock, Richmond (Yorkshire), Thetford, and, though last, not least, the Curragh of Kildare, where the ioo plate given by the king was run for, under the supervision of the Viceroy and the Lord Chancellor! In October VOL. III. U 289 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET, [BoOR XX. the turf in the seventeenth century was swiftly ap- proaching the end of its tether at Amersham, Malton, Wallingford, Stonehenge, and Newmarket. At head-quarters great racing was about to takeplace. Many important events postponed since the spring meeting, in consequence of the distemper, were about to be decided. The king announced his intention to be present to see his horses run. Unfortunately, important affairs of State detained him in Holland, so that when he arrived in England it was too late to go to Newmarket. And on his arrival at Hampton Court the improvements to the palace there engrossed a great deal of his time and attention. In the mean time Newmarket was crowded with the followers of the national sport. The card was strengthened with a new 14 stone plate of ioo value, designed to " encourage the breeding of strong and useful horses." The Duke of Devonshire, as usual, was plunging, with iooo a heat, and apparently getting the worst of it, which was, to him, unusual, as his Grace's horses generally held their own against all comers. It is vexatious to hear of these great races and not to be able to ascertain the horses' names or the winners. At any rate the meeting must have been a remarkable one, as it extended over three weeks, when, doubtless, the sport was as good as it was prolonged. Many other meetings were held of which we have no knowledge. An eclipse is not calculated to throw light on any subject, yet we are indebted to the great eclipse of September, I699, for eliciting the fact that horseracing was firmly planted in Northumberland at this time: 290 "London, Sept. i9. Last Wednesday we gave you a short Account, how strangely we were disappointed in Town about the late Eclipse, for which the Astrologers had prepared us so solemnly before hand; but the Advices we have since received out of the country relating to it, are so very surpriz- ing, that they seem to exceed belief. All the North of England was under the greatest Consternation imaginable upon it, and fear'd the Eclipse more than they wou'd have done the Landing of the French three Years ago. In some Villages they lay a bed all day, the Barbers refus'd to Trim their Customers; the Drovers wou'd not drive their Cattle, for fear the Eclipse shou'd surprize them on the Road, which has occasioned Beef and Mutton to rise in those parts. Six Horse-Races in Northumberland were put off by it; two fenc- ing Prizes, one at Preston and the other at Manchester: and Weddings without number, one particularly at Cockermouth, where the Bridegroom was of another mind it seems next morning, and the Bride that was to be, designs to bring an Action against the Almanack-maker, for hindring her Mar- riage. It was observ'd on Doncaster Road, by a Gentleman, who had the curiosity to make such Remarks, That for four hours together, there was nobody to be seen upon that Road, but a Country Farmer that went to get a Midwife for his Spouse, and a Parson that was Riding Whip and Spur to get a Living. At Eaton and several other Schools, the Boys made Holes in their Hats to see the Eclipse through; But after so long and so terrible an Expectation, when they saw nothing came of it, the Country People tore their Almanacks in a rage, and will not believe those gentlemen for the future, tho' they Prophesy snow in January, and hot weather in the Dog-days."-The "Post Boy," September jli, 1699, No. 694. According to an entry in the diary of Abraham De La Prime, Charles St. John Paulet, Lord of Basing, MARQUIS OF WINCHESTER, and DUKE OF BOLTON, was whism In. a dead man on the 6th of February, i699. He I- was second son of John St. John, the loyal Marquis of Win- chester, who garrisoned his house of Basing for Charles I. 1699.3 ECLIPSE:. 291 THE HISTORY OF NE WMARKET. [BooK XX. and wrote with a diamond on every pane of glass Aimez Loyaultd (" Love Loyalty "). The eccentricities of Charles St. John, 6th Marquis of Winchester and ist Duke of Bolton, rendered him con- spicuous among his contemporaries. As a turfite he appears to have first obtained notoriety at the Newmarket spring meeting of i670, where his horse Tancred carried off the honours and won large sums for his noble owner; and those who supported the reigning favourite were equally fortunate. He married Mary, eldest illegitimate daughter of Lord Scrope of Bolton, through whom he became possessed of Langley Hall, the Manor of Winston, and other estates in the county of Durham, subsequently selecting his wife's castle of Bolton for his ducal title, which was transmitted through a succession of six dukes, till December 25th, 1794, when the family became extinct. Burton tells us that the first Duke of Bolton " was a man of a strange mixture. He had the spleen to a high degree, and affected an extravagant behaviour; for many weeks he would not open his mouth till such an hour of the day when he thought the air was pure. He changed the day into night, and often hunted by torchlight, and took all sorts of liberties to himself, many of which were very disagreeable to those about him. He was a man of profuse expense, and of the most ravenous avarice to support that; and though he was much hated, yet he carried matters before him with such authority and success, that he was in all respects the great riddle of the age." Sir John Reresby, writing in i687, says: "In the midst of the impending dangers which seemed to threaten us, there was a nobleman, the Marqis of Winchester, who had by his conduct persuaded some people to think him mad, tho' he certainly acted upon principles of great human prudence. This gentleman was passing through Yorkshire, in his way to London. I went to pay him a visit. He had four coaches, and an hundred horses in his retinue, and staid ten days at a house he borrowed in our parts. His custom was to dine at six or seven in the evening, and his meal always lasted 292 THE MAD MARQUIS. till six or seven the next morning; during which he some- times drank; sometimes listened to music; sometimes he fell into discourse; sometimes he took tobacco, and sometimes he eat his victuals; while the company had free choise to rise or sit, to go or come, to sleep or not. The dishes and bottles were all the time before them on the table; and when it was morning he would hunt or walk if the weather was fair; if not, he would dance, go to bed at eleven, and repose himself till the evening. Notwithstanding this irregularity he was a man of great sense, and though, as I just now said, some took him to be mad, it is certain his meaning was to keep himself out of the way of more serious censure in these ticklish days, and preserve his estates, which he took great care of." However, when the Revolution assumed a favourable appearance he threw himself heartily into it, and despatched his eldest son and successor to the Prince of Orange, about the time mentioned by Sir John Reresby, with whom he soon after returned to England, when he obtained high prefer- ments, and was made Lord Lieutenant' of Ireland in I717. Returning to the subject of this memoir, Abraham De La Prime mentions him as "a man much talk'd of in King James the Second's days. He pretended to be distracted, and would make all his men rise up at midnight, and would go a hunting with torch light, and such like tricks he would often play; but when King William was comed in he was then a man of quite another nature. His estate, which falls to his son, the Marquis of Winchester, is worth "20,000 a year,"-an enormous revenue in those days. In conclusion it may be mentioned that the tradition of the wild nocturnal hunting and abnormal sports pursued by Charles St. John Paulet, ist Duke of Bolton, still lingers in Swaledale. Like Buckingham, Rochester, and some other promi- nent turfites of the court of Charles II., the Hon. SIR ROBERT HOWARD "wrote a play and killed his man," See ante, vol. ii. p. 134, when the "premier Marquis" gave a plate to be run for at Winchester. 1670-1699.1 293 4 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XX. and occasionally backed his horses -for a iooo a match. Although an habitut at Newmarket, and to a certain extent a plunger of the period, Sir Robert Howard, who died on the 3rd of September, i698, is better known as an author and dramatist than as a sportsman. He was a younger son of Thomas, Earl of Berkshire, was born in January, i626, and was educated at Magdalen College, Cam- bridge. During the civil war he suffered with his family, who adhered to Charles I., but at the Restoration was made a knight, and chosen for Stockbridge in Hampshire, to serve in the Parliament which began in May, i66i. He was after- wards made Auditor of the Exchequer, Clerk of the Patents, and Serjeant painter of all his Majesty's works at the royal palaces during life, and was reckoned a creature of Charles II. whom the Merry Monarch advanced on account of his faithful services in cajoling the Parliament for money. In I679 he was chosen to serve in Parliament for Castle Rising, in Norfolk; and re-elected for the same place in i688. He was a strong advocate for the Revolution, and became so pas- sionate an abhorrer of the nonjurors, that he disclaimed all manner of conversation and intercourse with persons of that description. His obstinacy and pride procured him many enemies, and amongst them the Duke of Buckingham, who intended to have exposed him under the name of Bilboa in the " Rehearsal," but afterwards altered his mind, and levelled his ridicule at a much greater name, under that of Bayes. He was so extremely positive, and so sure of being in the right upon every subject, that Shadwell the poet, though a man of the same principles, could not help ridiculing him in his comedy of the "Sullen Lovers," under the cha- racter of Sir Positive At-all. In the same play there is a Lady Vaine, a courtesan, which the wits understood to be the mistress of Sir Robert, whom he afterwards married. A list of his works will be found in Walpole's Catalogue. His training quarters were adjacent to Ashtead Park, his favourite residence on Banstead Downs, near Epsom, where he frequently entertained many of his sporting confrres with profuse hospitality. 294 THE DUCHESS OF MAZARIN. ",THE DUTCHESSE OF MAZARINE (who for many years kept a gaming table) is dead, by which the government saves s3000 per ann. pention, settled upon her for life, by King Charles 2d."-Luttrell's Diary, June 17th, i699. The duchess was the most remarkable woman who languished in the seraglio of Charles II. In her youth she was considered the most beautiful woman and the wealthiest heiress in Europe. She received the education of a queen; she was the heiress of a minister " who governed the world; " her marriage portion exceeded the fortunes of all the queens of Europe (St. Evremond, cp. xiii.). During Charles II.'s early days of poverty and exile, when the almost infant niece of the powerful Mazarin was courted by the most illustrious families in Europe for their sons, Charles had been an eager suitor for her hand. The offer, however, was rejected by the haughty cardinal. The fact is singular that she should have afterwards become the mistress of her admirer, and indebted to his bounty for the ordinary luxuries, if not the necessaries, of life. The character of this beautiful woman was scarcely less eccentric than her accomplishments were brilliant Ruthless, impetuous, and devoid of principle, she sacrificed her splendid fortunes to the whim of the moment, and to the gratification of her ungovernable passions. At the age of thirteen, she was married to the Duke de Meilleraye and Mayence, who was also a peer of France, who adopted the name, title, and arms of Mazarin for ever. The cardinal died a year after this marriage was solemnized, bequeathing his niece, it was said, the almost incredible sum of 1,625,000. The duchess, who deserted her husband in I667, does not appear to have arrived in England until December, i678. She was at this period in her twenty-ninth year, and although the freshness of her youth no longer bloomed upon her cheek, her beauty, at the time when she commenced her manifestly preconcerted attack on the heart of King Charles, is said to have been but little impaired. It was at the October meeting at Newmarket in i679 that she first became the formidable rival of the Duchess of Portsmouth, then the reigning sultana, 1699.1 295 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XX. when the king settled on her a pension of ;3000 for life. Her triumph, however, was of short duration. It was her misfor- tune to fall in love with the Prince de Monaco, then on a visit in England, and, as usual, reckless of consequences, she made not the slightest attempt to conceal her partiality. Charles, naturally piqued, withheld her pension, which, how- ever, was afterwards good-naturedly restored. The house of the Duchess of Mazarin in St. James's, and her villa at Chelsea, became the most remarkable of her time. Her saloons were the resort of the gay, the intellectual, the beautiful, and the base. With suppers of the most sumptuous description and wines of the choicest vintage were mingled, when necessary, drugs to stupefy the gamester, and poison to remove the politician. Those dishes embraced every delicacy to be found in Paris and whatever was curious from the East. " The commonest meats had the rarest relish imparted to them," in more senses that the words implied. Besides the pleasures of the table, there was music, gaiety, and wit, and such other accessories as are usually connected with a fashion- able hell. The scenes at Chelsea were repeated, ad nauseam, at Newmarket, where the duchess attended with her tables, at almost every race meeting. By the fire there in 1683 she was a heavy loser; her horses were roasted alive, her carriage reduced to tinder, her " luck " received a knock- down blow from which it never recovered. After the death of Charles II. she was treated with kindness by King James, and was well received at his court. She survived the Revolution and met with civility at the court of William and Mary. During the last years of her life she lived in poverty and almost in distress. After her death her effects were seized by the Crown; her body was actually taken possession of by her creditors, but, subsequently redeemed by her sister, the Duchess of Bonvillion, it was conveyed to France, and interred in the family sepulchre. Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine and DUCHESS Charles I I. was probably poisoned there. See Clarke's " James I I.," Carrel's History, Evelyn's Diary. 296 THE DUCHESS OF CLEVELAND. OF CLEVELAND, also kept a gaming-table. She, like the Duchess of Mazarin, was an habitu6 at Newmarket, and most other race meetings which were attended by the king and court. Vast sums were lavished on the proud beauty; her income exceeded "20,000 a year, exclusive of the reversion of the Crown leases and all Government appointments, including the fees payable by knights, baronets, and heirs of the realm. On one occasion the king conferred on her all the rich Christmas presents he had received from his courtiers and the nobility, and at another time paid her debts, to the amount of L30,000. She had the effrontery to petition for the Phcenix Park, near Dublin; but it was at length found necessary to set some bounds on her rapacity, and the request was refused. She usually appeared at court with more jewels than were worn by the queen and the Duchess of York together. Her immense fortune was squandered principally at the gaming-table. Pepys says, in i668, " I was told to night that my Lady Castlemaine is so great a gamester as to have won 4I 5,000 in one night, and lost 425,0oo in another night, at play; and hath played iooo and LI 5oo at a cast." The exactions of his mistress had at one time drained the royal purse so low, that Charles appears to have been actually deficient in the common comforts of life ; his wardrobe at one period contained three bands for his neck and not a single handkerchief. This fact is recorded by Pepys, who actually overheard a groom of the bed-chamber angrily remonstrating with the person who had the charge of the royal wardrobe, and who stated as his excuse that he could procure no farther credit; and yet, about this very time, the Duchess of Cleveland is reported as losing fortunes in a single night at a gaming-table. The latter fact is the more remarkable, because Charles personally never risked as much as 5 at play, and disliked to see his mistresses playing, even for the smallest sum. The duchess died at Chiswick, October 9, I709. Henry Fitzroy, DUKE OF GRAFTON, is styled the second son of the Duchess of Cleveland by Charles II. Charles, how- 1699.] 297 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. ever, refused to own him for some time, and his parentage consequently appears to be somewhat questionable. He was born on the 20th of September, i663. On the ist of August, i672, when only nine years old, he was married, in the presence of the king and his courtiers, to Isabella, an infant of the age of five years, sole daughter and heiress of Henry Bennet, Earl of Arlington. By the marriage settlement (which is a quaint document) the young bridegroom inherited the Euston estate and all the property and effects belonging to Lord Arlington, even though he should again marry and have an heir or other issue. A few days after the nuptial ceremony, August i6th, i672, Henry Fitzroy was created, by letters patent, Baron of Sudbury, Viscount Ipswich, and Earl of Euston, in the county of Suffolk; and, September 1 ith, i675, Duke of Grafton in Northamptonshire. On the 6th of November, 1679, he was re-married to his young wife, in the apartments of the Earl of Arlington, at Whitehall. Shortly after his re-marriage, he was sent to sea under the charge of Sir John Bury, Vice-Admiral of England, with whom he after- wards served during several expeditions. On the 30th of September, 1680, he was installed a Knight of the Garter. He held several remunerative appointments, among which may be mentioned Colonel of the first regiment of foot-guards, an elder in the brethren of Trinity-House, Vice-admiral of England, Recorder of Bury St. Edmunds, Custos Rotulorum of Suffolk, Remembrancer of the First Fruits Office, Ranger of Whittlesbury Forest, and Game Keeper at Newmarket. He also enjoyed a considerable pension derived out of the public purse. At the coronation of James II. he filled the office of Lord High Constable of England. In Monmouth's rebellion, he took up arms against his unfortunate half-brother. The following year he was engaged as principal in two duels, both of which proved fatal to his antagonists. On the landing of the Prince of Orange he was one of the first who deserted the fortunes of James, and at the coronation of William and Mary, carried the orb in the procession. While leading an assault at the siege of Cork, in I690, he received a wound in his side from a gunshot, of the effects of which he died [BOOK XXz. 298 CHIPPING NORTONr QUA4IN TOTN. on the 9th of October in that year, at the age of twenty- seven. His body was brought to England and buried at Euston. The Annals:- "At Chapel-Heath, near Chippingnorton in Oxfordshire, a Golden Plate will be run for of 40 Guinea's Price, on the last Thursday in March, being the 28th day: And Chipping Chippingnorton's Town Plate of io will be run Norton. for the next day.-The " London Gazette," March 1689 if, No. 2437. "March 28, i689, Thursday. I stayed all day at home. In the evening Mr. Mayott came to me from the race at Chipping-Norton."-Lord Clarendon's Diary, vol. ii. p. 271. " On Tuesday in Whitsun Week, upon Melsham Common in Wilts, will be a 12 Stone Plate run for, value 20 guineas. Gentlemen only to ride, 3 Heats, each 4 Miles, the winning Horse to be sold for 20 guineas, and any Horse that runs, for 40. The next day, on the same Course will be a IO Stone Plate run for, value io for which Servants may ride, three heats, the winning Horse to be sold for io."-The " London Gazette," April U, i689, No. 2447. "This is to give Notice, that Newport-pagnel Town Plate and Guinea-Prize will be Run for on the second Wednesday and Thursday in September next, by the same Newport Articles they were Run for last year: and all PagneL Gentlemen that are Subscribers, are desired to pay September. their Guinea's some time before the Race either into the hands of Mr. John Forest, at the Bull and Mouth Inn near Aldersgate, London, or to the Clerk of the Race at Newport aforesaid.-Ibid., No. 2477. " On Wednesday the i ith of September next will be run for, at Quainton-Mead near Alesbury, a Plate of 20 value, the Horses to carry 12 Stone Weight, and to be shewn at the George in Alesbury on Wednesday QSptember the 4th of September; Gentlemen only to ride. And on Thursday the 12th of September another Plate of about io value, the Horses to carry i i stone."-Ibid., August A, No. 2481. 1G89.] 299 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XX. "There is a Plate to be Run for on Basingstoke Downs near Basingstoke the first Tuesday in October: All Gentlemen- Contributers are desired to enter their Horses b nke. with Mr. William Coleman Mayor of Basingstoke, October. or Mr. John Ansell the Cross-keys Tavern in Covent-Garden, a month before the Plate is Run for."-The "London Gazette," August 2, No. 2483. "These are to give Notice to all Gentlemen, That on Tuesday the Fifth of November next, being the day His Majesty landed in England, will be a Plate Run Novrmbr. for at Hurley in Berkshire, value ;io each Horse to carry io Stone weight; all Gentlemen that Ride; and the winning Horse to be sold for 3o."-Ibid., October f 0, No. 2496. "This is to give Notice, That my Lord Lovelace's Plate is to be run for on Clireden Heath or Common, and the Dinner Mireded to be at the Bear at Maidenhead, there being no room at Hurley - for the Gentlemen and their Horses.-Ibid., October 2 I, No. 2499. "These are to give notice to all Gentlemen, that on Friday the i ith of April next, being the Coronation-day of King Wuam In. William and Queen Mary, the Right Honorable Iwo. the Lord Lovelace doth give a Gold Plate of 50 Woodsoek Pounds value, to be Run for in Woodstock Park April. in Oxfordshire, none but Gentlemen that Ride, each Horse to carry i 2 Stone weight; and no Horse to Run for this Plate that hath Run for any Plate of above 30 Pounds value, either in that or any other place: And the Horse that wins the Plate to be at the Refusal of the said Lord Lovelace at ioo Pounds."-Ibid., March II, i689-90, No. 2541. "On Tuesday in Easter-week next a Plate of about 20 value will be run for on Lamborn-Downs in the County of Lambouri. Berks, 3 Heats, Gentlemen to ride, I2 Stone April. weight; The Horses to appear at the starting Post on Tuesday next before Easter day in the forenoon, where the size, colour, marks, &c., are then to be enter'd: He that is no Subscriber must pay 65 and is not oblig'd to make such appearance and entry till the day the 300 LAMBOURN-MELSHAM-NOT3S. Plate is run for; the winning Horse is to be sold for 30 Guinea's. On the next day another Plate of about 6io value will be run for, 3 Heats, i i Stone, the Horses also to appear at the time aforesaid, and the winning Horse, to be sold for 20 Guinea's. The Contributors are desired to pay their Sub- scriptions to Mr. Passill at Mr. Kings in Cheapside, Gold- smith."-Ibid., March 31, No. 2545. April 3No25. "On Tuesday in Whitsun-week next, a Plate of about 20 value will be Run for on Melsham Common in the County of Wilts, 3 Heats, Gentlemen to Ride, I2 Stone weight: The Horses must appear at the Starting Xelsham. Post on Tuesday next before Whitsun-day, between io and i i in the Forenoon, where their Size, Colour, Marks, &c., are to be entered. The winning Horse is to be sold for 20 Guinea's. On the next day another Plate of I0 Guinea's value will be Run for there, 3 Heats, io Stone weight: The Horses must appear at the time aforesaid, and the wining Horse, to be sold for I0 Guineas."-Ibid., May j2, No. 2560. "A Plate of ;6o value will be Run for, upon the last Thursday in July, upon Nottingham course, by Horses that have never Run before, carrying i2 Stone weight; they are to be shewn upon the said Course that Nottigham. May 29 TUly. day Month before."-Ibid., J No. 2562. June 2' "These are to give Notice, That Newport Pagnell in Bucks Town Plate and Guinea Prize will be run for there on the ioth and i ith of September next, by their former Nwprt Articles: And all Gentlemen Subscribers are PnnaL desired to pay in their Subscription Guinea, Septmber. either to Mr. John Forest at the Bull and Mouth by Alders- gate, London, or to the Clerk of the Race at Newport-Pagnel aforesaid, some time before the Running."-Ibid., August j-, No. 2585. " These are to give Notice, that Newport Pagnel in Bucks Town Plate and Guinea Prize, will be run for there on the 24th and 25th days of September next, and not on the ioth 1690.] 301 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XX. and i ith, as Advertis'd in a late " Gazette."-The " London Gazette," No. 2587. " The Horse Races at Richmond in the County of York 1&i=modL are for this year ordered by the Founders, to be Yorkshire. run on the 23d and 24th of September next; September though the Horse Fairs will be kept as formerly on the 15th and i6th of the same Month."-Ibid., August , No. 2585. "The Contributors for the Basing-stoke Plate to be run for the first Tuesday in October, are desired to enter their Horses to Run, and to pay in their Contribution Oc Me oney, on or before the Ninth day of September, either to Mr. Ansell at the Cross Keys Tavern in Covent Garden, or to the Mayor of Basingstoke, the Steward resolving not to lay out more Money for the Plate then shall be then paid in."-Ibid, August 2f, No. 2586. "These are to give Notice, That on Wednesday the 5th of November next (being the Day upon which His Majesty Landed in England) there will be a Plate run for November. on Bradnum Common, near High Wickham in Buckinghamshire, each Horse to carry Ten stone Weight, and to start between IO and i i in the Morning. And the Horse Mare or Gelding that wins the Plate to be at the refusal of the right Honourable the Lord Lovelace at 630. And every Gent. that puts in any Horse, &c., to lay down a Guinea, which stakes are to be won by the second Horse: And afterwards there will be an Entertainment for all Gentle- men at High Wickham, at the Charges of the said Lord Love- lace, who gives the Plate."-Ibid., October P, No. 2602. "The Plate will be Run for upon Rosby-Heath in Lincoln- 1691. shire (as formerly) on the first Thursday in April tsobyxeth. next, the Horses to be shewn that day 3 weeks April beforethey Run."-Ibid., February -1, i690-9i, No. 2638. " There is a Ten Pound Plate to be Run for on Stanford Plain near Farringdon in Berkshire the first Thursday in Staf1ord. April next, Gentlemen to Ride, i i Stone weight. ApriL The Horses to be shewn that day fortnight before 302 STANFORD- WOODSTOCK-EPSOM. they Run; and no Horses to Run that ever hath won a Plate above the value of IO or 20 in Money."-Ibid, March P, No. 2643. " Whereas the Gold Plate given by the Right Honourable the Lord Lovelace was to be Run for in Woodstock-Park in Oxfordshire, on Saturday the i ith of April next, That day being Easter-Eve, his Lordship hath XAY thought fit to defer the Running for the said Plate until the i9th day of April next, and then to be Run for at the same place."-Ibid., March A, No. 2647. "These are to give notice, That the Plate given by the Right Honourable the Lord Lovelace, is to be Run for in Woodstock-Park in Oxfordshire on Tuesday the i9th of May next."-Ibid., No. 2651. "On Wednesday the 30th of this instant September, will be a Brace of Bucks, and a Brace of Does run for in Wood- stock Park in Oxfordshire, every Horse, &C, that runs to carry i i Stone weight, the winning Horse p to be Sold for 30 Guineas, if the second Horse refuses, the third, and the rest hath their liberty to refuse likewise."- Ibid., September 3, No. 2694 "These are to give notice, That the Newport-Pagnel Town Plate in the County of Bucks will be run Newport for there on Thursday the l7th of September PwgneL next, and the Guinea's the day following."-Ibid., September August 2A, No. 269i. "At Atherston in Warwickshire, upon the Wednesday next following the 8th of September, will be a very good piece of Plate run for by Horses &c which never won any Plate above 5 value, and to carry IO 10 ber Stone weight; No Price is put upon the Horses; They must be shewn IO days before the said day of Running." -Ibid., July jA, No. 2679. "These are to give notice, That there will be a Plate of 20 value Run for upon Branstead Downes 3 Heats and a Course, IO Stone 4 Pounds weight, upon the 30th Be m of this instant November, and in May next Dows=. another; to continue for three years. No Horse November. 1691.] 303 34 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XX. to Run, that has Run for above 50 Guinea's. The Horses to be at Cashalton or Barrows-Hedges a Fortnight before the day of Running."-" The London Gazette," November J, No. 271 . " From Croydon to Farnham runs the Downs, called Branstead Downs, so noted for hawking, hunting, and horse- racing.. .. But what the middle parts want in riches they supply with pleasures, as being famous for good air, and well stored parks, the Downs affording excellent opportunities as well for horse-races as hunting." -Chamberlayne's "Ang. Not.," London, I69i. " On Thursday the 5th day of November next will be a Plate run for on Bradnum Common near High-Wickham in High Bucks, value ;io. Every Horse, Mare or Gelding Wyoomb. that runs to carry Eleven Stone weight, to start November. at I2 a Clock, and the winning Horse to be sold for 30 and afterwards there will be an Entertainment at High Wickham at the Charges of the Right Honourable the Lord Lovelace,' who gives the Plate."-The "London Gazette," October ij, No. 2706. "A Plate of 6I 5 value, to be Run for at 3 Heats on Stanforod Plain near Farringdon in Bucks, the first Thursday WilliamM in April next; The Horses to be shewn at the Im. Starting-Post the Sennight before; No Horse Farringdo- that ever won a Plate of Rio value to Run for it; April. The winning Horse to be sold for 40 Guineas; Gentlemen Ride, Ii Stone."-Ibid., March U, i691-2, No. 2748. " The Plate that was designed to be run for on Branstead Bade Downs on Monday the 2d of May, will be run Downs. for on'Tuesday the loth of May."-Ibid., April i Xay. No. 2760. " On Wednesday the 14th of September next, there will Woodtoesk. be a Stag turned into the Country out of Wood- September. stock Park in Oxfordshire, to be run by Hounds: In Lord Clarendon's Diary, sub dato, January 26, 1688-89, it is written :--"The Prince of Orange went a hunting and dined at Sir Robert Howards on Bransted Downs" (Ashtead Park, Surrey). 34 WOODSTOCK-RIPON-RICHMOND. And on Tuesday the i5th will be a Gold Plate run for in Woodstock-park, value 50 each Horse &C that runs to put in a Guinea; The second Horse wins the Stakes; no Horse &C that hath ever run for the value of 30 either in Plate or Money, can run for this; none but Gentlemen to ride, the weight 12 Stone; the Horses that run to be entered at Tho. Green's at the King's Arms at Woodstock that day Fortnight before they run, and afterwards to be kept in and about Woodstock: The Horse &C that wins to be at the refusal of the Right Honourable Lord Lovelace, at ioo who gives the Plate, but if his Lordship refuses, the second hath liberty to have him at the same Price, as likewise hath the rest in their turns. And on Friday the Lord Chief Justice in Eyre gives a Brace of Bucks and a brace of Does to be run for in Woodstock-Park by any Horse &C that will be sold for -20, the weight to be I I Stone, and any one to Ride."-Ibid., June 6, No. 2773. "These are to give Notice, That on Monday the 8th day of August next at Mounckton Moor near Rippon in York- shire, a Plate of 40 value is to be Run for by any Horse, Mare, or Gelding, without any Excep- WPM tion; And the day following another Plate of Augut 20 value to be Run for by Hunting Horses of not above 30 price; both Courses to be Run according to Articles agreed upon by the Founders; And then the Horse Fair."- Ibid., June 0, No. 2776. "The Horses that hereafter shall Run in the Great Pasture of Richmond in Yorkshire, for Roodmass Plates, are ordered by the Founders to be shewed at the Market-Cross, and to be entered the first Horse September. Fair Day between the hours of 1o before and 3 after Noon; And the Horses that shall Run there for the Hunter Plates at Easter, shall also be shewed at the said Market-Cross, and entered upon Wednesday in Easter-Week." -Ibid., July 4, No. 278i. "Burford Downs near to that Town, a place much Lord Wharton. 1692.1 305 VDOL. 1II. X THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XX. frequented and resorted unto by the Gentary for Horse-races, urfor(. which brings a considerable advantage to the Town."-" An Historical Dictionary of England and Wales." London, i692, I2mo. " On Tuesday the 6th of September next, a Plate, as has been usual, will be Run for on Langton Wolds near New Malton in Yorkshire; And another on the Sptmb Thursday following according to Articles: The September. Horses that Run are to be entered at Mr. Francis Rymers at the Angel in New Malton the Thursday before. And the Horse Fair will be kept there at the same time." f- The " London Gazette," August A, No. 2791. "On Tuesday the I ith of April next, there will be a Plate run for on Bradenum Commont near High-Wickam in Willam. m Buckinghamshire, value LIo every Horse, &c, 1693. that wins to be at the refusal of the Right High- Honourable the Lord Lovelace at .30. And Wynomb. before the Plate is run for there will be an Enter- tainment at High-Wickam at the Charge of the said Lord Lovelace, who gives the Plate."-Ibid., March a, I692-3, No. 2851. " On Tuesday the 9th of May next, at High Brass-side Moore near Durham, a Plate of 20 value is to be Run for the 4 miles Race, by any Horse, Mare or Geld- xay. ing; and on Thursday I ith of May another Plate of like value is also to be Run for at the place aforesaid by any Horse, Mare, or Gelding, each that Runs either the said single Race, or Heats, carrying io Stone, On his return from Newmarket in i695, the royal hero of Namur visited Burford, where he was presented by the corporation with two hunting saddles according to custom.-" Lexington Papers," p. 143. t The horse-fair at Malton was advertised in I66i ; it is therefore probable horse races were held there in the reign of Charles II. "All persons are desired to take notice that MalIon Fair in Yorkshire is not to begin till the 20th of September, and the Justices of the Peace of the County have resolved, that if any Alehouse-Keeper within five miles of Mallon shall harbour any horses that come to the Fair before that time, they shall be put down from Brewing."-The " Kingdoms Intelligence," July 2', i66, p. 473. 3o6 DURHAM-STAPLETON-RIPO3. besides Bridle and Saddle, which are not to weigh above 2 Pounds, each Stranger that puts in paying 3 Guineas, and each Founder 2 Guineas, and each Horse, Mare, or Gelding, that are designed to Run either the single said Race or Heats, to be Shoo'd and Book'd at the Tolbooth in Durham the first day of May next."-Ibid., March B, No. 2853. " Upon High Brasside Moore near the City of Durham, two Plates of 20 value each, are to be run for by any Horse, Mare, or Gelding, not having yet run beyond the River Trent; The one a single Race on the 28th, t and the other 3 Heats on the 30th of August next; Each that runs to shew and Book his Horse &e at the Tolbooth in Durham the 2ith of August next, and then to pay down 3 Guinea's."-Ibid, July 7U, No. 2889. " The ist Thursday in April next will be Run for a Plate of i O value on Standford Plain near Farringdon in Berkshire, ii Stone weight, none but Gentlemen to Ride; The winning Horse to be sold at 30 Guineas; No ApL Horse that has won any sum above io to Run. The Horses to be shewn a Week before the day."- Ibid., March 20- No. 2854. ",The Plates will be continued to be run for upon Staple- ton-Lease in Yorkshire, on Whitsun Thursday, as usually. The Horses &c for the Maden-Plate are to be shewn and entr'd at Pontefract, on that day fort- Stapleton June. night before Whitsun Munday, and those for the second Plate at Darrington the day before the Race-day, each carrying Ten Stone weight, besides Saddles and Furniture."- Ibid., May 4, No. 2868. "These are to give Notice to all Gentlemen and others, that on Monday the 7th of August next, there will be a Plate Run for to the value of 4o at Moncklow Moore near Ripon-in Yorkshire, by any Horse, Mare, or Augus Gelding, without exception, Ten Stone weight; and on Tuesday the day following, being the 8th of August, another Plate will be Run for of 20 value, by three Heats; The Riders to be Gentlemen, and i X Stone weight, and both Plates to be Run for according to Articles, The Horses are to 169)3.1 307 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XX. be shown, and entered the Thursday before with the Clerk of the Articles at Ripon aforesaid; and then the Horse Fair."- The " London Gazette," July A, No. 2887. " Whereas a Plate of ;50 value is to be run for in Quainton Meadow in the County of Buckingham, on the last Wednesday in August next; These are to give notice, that QAugst every Horse, which runs for the said Plate, must be shewn, and have its name entered by the Steward, or his Deputy, at the George Inn in Aylesbury, on the Thursday before, between the Hours of 3 and 5 in the Afternoon."-Ibid., July 2-, No. 2890. " There is a Plate to be Run for worth 30 on Michael- mas-day next on Lillyhoo in Hertfordshire, 3 Heats, by Hunters that never Run for any Plate or Match Septembe. before September last i692; the winning Horse to be sold for 40. Each Stranger to put in his, which is to be Stakes for the second Horse, and to be entered at the George Inn at Silso the morning before the said Plate is run for."-Ibid., September 7, No. 2904. "There is a Plate to be Run for upon Wandon-Heath near Wobourn Abbey in Bedfordshire of 20 value, 3 Heats Woburn. (4 miles each Heat), IO Stone a piece, besides November. Bridle and Saddle, upon the I 5th of November next, every Horse that runs for it must put in two [qy. three] Guineas, and show their Horses, and pay their money at the George Inn in Wobourn the I ith, where will be kept a very good Ordinary the Running days. The next day Mr. Younger at the George Inn in Wobourn gives a Plate offio value, to carry IO Stone, 3 Heats (the same course) the Winning Horse to be at the refusal of Mr. Younger for io, and every Horse that runs to put in a Guinea."-Ibid., October g, No. 29i6. Ibid., No. 2917. 308 BOOK XXI. THE ANNALS OF THE TURF IN THE REIGN OF WILLIAM III.-(continued)-I694-I 699. I694 Woburn-Salisbury-Blandford-Durham-Ripon-Woodstock -Lilly Hoo- 1695. Banstead Downs-Woburn-Farringdon- Lincoln-Burford-Hampton-Ripon-Quainton-Windsor - Rich- mond-Lilly Hoo-Newport Pagnel-Abingdon-Ormskirk-New- castle-Durham--1696. Woburn - Lincoln-Banstead Downs- Whitechurch-Daventry-Ormskirk-Quainton-Abingdon-Wood- stock-Ormskirk-Newport Pagnel-Woburn-Swaffham-Lilly Hoo-I697. The Curragh-Burford-Winchester-Quainton-Lilly Hoo-Abingdon-Market Rowell-Woodstock-Woburn-Notting- ham - Manchester - Swaffham - Hampton - Newport Pagnel - Northampton-i 698. Banstead Downs-Carshaltons-Bakewell -Nottingham-Winton-Hanslope-Manchester-Quainton-Don- caster - Northampton -Abingdon-Windsor-Woodstock- Thet- ford-Swaffham-Lilly Hoo-Stonehenge Lancaster-I669. Swaff- ham-Lilly Hoo-Whitburn-Lisard-Durham-Stapleton-Leas -Daventry-Leavington-Banstead Downs-Doncaster-Windsor - Nottingham-Winchester-Hanslope -Bakewell - Northampton -Market Drayton - Coventry- Quainton - Lincoln-Abingdon- Woodstock-Richmond-Thetford-Amersham-Malton-Walling- ford-Amesbury-Staines-The Curragh-The Earl of Galway- Lord Chancellor AMethuen. "THERE is a Plate to be Run for upon Wandon Heath near Woburn in Bedfordshire, of 20 value, 3 Heats, 4 Willian m. miles each Heat, and every Horse to carry Ten 1694 Stone, besides Bridle and Saddle, upon the I Ith Wbpril. In a subsequent advertisement the date is "the i8th of April next." -The " London Gazette," No. 2958. THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOoK XXI. of April next; every Horse that Runs to put in 3 Guineas, and to be shown the Saturday before at the Cock in Woburn, and no Horse to run for it that has Run for above the value of 50 in Plate or Match. The next day there will be a Plate of io to be run for, the same Course and Weight, every Horse to put in a Guinea, and the winning Horse to be at the refusal of the Founder for io."-The "London Gazette," March -k, I693-4, No. 2954. "There will be a .20 Plate run for on Wandon Heath, the first Tuesday in September next, 3 Heats, no Horse, Mare, or Gelding to run for it that hath run Septem. before for above 50. They are to carry ten Stone besides Bridle and Saddle, and to ride on a Whale Saddle, allowing 2 pound for it. Every Founder puts in a Guinea besides his subscription-money, and every Stranger 4 Guineas, and to be seen the day before at the George in Wooburn. The next day Mr. Younger gives a -`o Plate to be run for by the same Articles, only every Horse puts in a Guinea, and the Horse to be at his refusal for io. There will be a good Ordinary both running days."-Ibid., July 2j, No. 2995. "On May-Day next there will be a Plate run for at Salsbury. Salisbury; The Horses to carry ii Stone, and Xahr run 3 Heats, and no Horse is to be admitted that has run before for any Plate or Match exceeding 20. At the same Place there will likewise be Cockfighting." -ibid., April 2, No. 2963. "On Tuesday the I2th of June next there is to be a IO Stone Plate of ,20 value, to be run for at Blandford in Dor- setshire, 4 miles, the Horses to be sold for 625. Blandfe. The day after a Plate of 5 for io horses. No Horse can run for either that hath run for Money or a Plate before. On Thursday in the same week there will be Cockfighting." -Ibid. "On High Brasside Moore near the city of Durham, 2 Plates of 30 value each, are to be Run for by any Horse, Durhwm. Mare, or Gelding not having yet Run beyond the July. River Trent; The one a single Race on the Third, 310 DURHAM-RIPON- WOODS TOCK. the other 3 Heats on the Fifth of July next, each to carry io Stone weight and to be shewn and Bookt at the Toll- booth in Durham the 26th of June next, and then each Stranger that puts in to pay down 3, and a Founder 2 Guineas." -Ibid., May 3, No. 2972. "The Durham Plates will not be Run for on the 3d and 5th of July next, as was formerly Published, but on the 17th and i9th of that month, at the same place, and under the same Conditions as in the former Advertisement; The day of Booking and shewing the Horses &c. to be the ioth of July."-Ibid., May A, No. 2978. " The Horse-Fairs at Rippon being on Monday the 6th of August next, and continue till Tuesday following, on which day the Fair for Cattle and Leather will be holden. And on the Wednesday in that week, being the Augus. 8th, the Single Course for the Great Plate will be run on Mounkton Moor near Rippon, and on the Friday following, being the ioth, the Three Heats will be run on the said Moor, both courses to be run according to Articles for Plates of considerable value."-Ibid., July t, No. 2990. " On Monday the 17th of September there will be run for in Woodstock Park in Oxfordshire, a Plate of 20 value, 3 heats, lo Stone weight, no Horse excepted that hath not won a Plate of ioo value; all Horses Weptember. to be shewn and entered before the Mayor of Woodstock that day fortnight before he runs, and all Horses that do not belong to a Contributor to pay 3 Guineas before he starts, which is to go to the second Horse."-Ibid., August 9, No. 3000. " These are to give notice, that the Woodstock Plate which was to be run for on Monday the 17th instant, is by consent of the Contributors put off till Tuesday the i8th; and on Thursday following a Brace of Does will be given by the Earl of Abingdon at the same place, to be run for by any Horse, io Stone weight, 3 Heats, and the winning Horse to be sold for L15. There will be also a Deer turned out to be hunted the same morning."-Ibid., Sept. 30 No. 3006. 1694.] 3!r THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XXI. "On Tuesday the 25th of September next, a Plate will be run for on Lilly Hoo, worth 20, each Horse to carry 10 Stone weight, 3 Heats, 4 miles each; The Horses Sleply mHb to be shown, and entered, or refused, by a majority of Founders present the Friday before, at the Running Horse in Lilly near Hitchin in Hertfordshire, where will be a good ordinary."-The " London Gazette," August A, No. 3003. " On Bransted Downs will be two Plates Run for yearly 3 times successively, each plate to be 20 price. The first to be Run for the 14th of February next, and all 65. the others on May-Day and Bartholomew-Day in Banstead every year, till 3 years are expired. Any Horse Down. may Run for the said Plate that shall be at any of Febr-iy. the Contributors Stables in Carshalton, Barrowes- KaY. hedges, or elsewhere, 14 days before. The Weight ten stone. The Stakes 3 Guineas for each Horse, to be put into the Clerk of the Course his Hands 7 days before the Plate Day; otherwise paying of five Guineas they may be put in at any time."-Ibid., January A, i694-5, No. 3042. " There will be a 20 Plate Run for upon Wanden Heath near Wooborn in Bedfordshire, on the 26th of ]WObuL March next, being Tuesday in Easter Week; three Heats, every Horse, Mare, or Gelding, to carry io Stone besides Bridle and Saddle, the Rider to use what Saddle he will, allowing two pound for its weight; No Horse to Run that has ever before Run in Match or Plate for more than 50 value. Every Horse that Runs puts in 4 Guineas, (or 4 I2S. in silver) to be paid at the time the Horses are shown, which is to be the Tuesday before the Race at the Market Cross in Wooburn, between the hours of 12 and 2, where Mr. Younger or Mr. Will. Timms will attend to enter the Horses. The said Persons give a 6io Plate to be Run for the next day under the same Articles, with this difference; here any Horse may Run putting in a Guinea only, without being shown, as must be for the other Plate; and the Founders to have the liberty of Buying the winning Horse for 'o. There will be good Ordinaries both the 312 WOB URN-FARRIJNGDON-LNA'COLN. Running Days, one at the George, the other at the Cock."- Ibid., February 1-l, No. 3055. "A 20 Plate will be Run for on Wondon Heath, Bedford- shire, the first Tuesday in September next, every Horse to carry IO Stone weight, besides Bridle and Saddle, and every Rider to Ride on what Saddle he will, allowing two pounds for it; Every Contributor to put in one Guinea besides his Subscription money, and every Stranger 4 Guinea's. They are to Run 3 Heats four Miles each, and to Start about Two after Noon. The next day John Younger gives a Plate of 6io to be Run by the same Articles, only the winning Horse to be at his refusal for Cio. They are to be shewn at the George in Wooborn the Tuesday before the Run, and there to pay down their Entrance-money; There will be a good Ordinary on the Tuesday, and at the Cock on Wednesday."-Ibid., August X, No. 3102. "On Thursday the 2d of May next there will be. a Plate of ;20 value run for on Stamford Plain near Farringdon in Berkshire ; The Horses are to run 3 Heats and to carry i i Stone weight a piece, and none to Xay. Ride but Gentlemen; Every Horse, Mare, or Gelding must be entered that day sennight before the Start- ing-Post of the said Course; No Horse to run that has ever before run any Match or Plate for more than 20 value; The Winning Horse is to be sold for 30 Guinea's, and to be bought by the Contributors, throwing Dice."-Ibid., April A No. 3068. " There is to be run for on Lady Grantham's Heats and Course on Lincoln Heath, the 2d day of May next, a Plate to the value of 40 the Riders weight to be 12 Stone, L and none but Gentlemen to ride; no one who say receives Wages from any Subject whatsoever shall be admitted to ride. Those who are no Contributors to put in Ten Guinea's, and those Guinea's to go the second Horse &c. No time is appointed for entring Horses; any Horse may come in at any time before the hour of Starting. There is also another Plate given by the Town of Lincoln, the value of 20 and to be run for the 4th day of May next upon Sir l1695.] 313 4 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XXI. John Ray's Course; The weight to be IO Stone ; a free Plate for any Horse, &c."-The " London Gazette," April j-, No. 3071. "On the first Thursday in September next, a Plate will be Run for of a considerable value, on Lincoln Heath, the Lady Sep-ber. Grantham's Heat and Course and every Horse Mare, or Gelding is to carry I 2 Stone with Bridle and Saddle; and to Run 3 Heats the long Course, Gentlemen to Ride."-Ibid., August 8, No. 3103. "A Plate to the value of io will be Run for on Tuesday in Whitson-Week, the 14th instant, at Burford Downs in Oxfordshire. To be Rid by Gentlemen only, BurfordL each Horse to carry i i Stone with Bridle and June. Saddle; And the Winning Horse to be sold for xi 5 to the Owner of the second Horse, which if by him refused, then to any other Gentleman being a Contributor to the Plate. The Horses be Entered by Noon of the same day, with their Names, and the Names of the Owners, given to Mr. William Gossen at the George Inn in Burford aforesaid, Clerk of the Plate; where will be a very good ordinary."- Ibid., April_29 No. 3075. May 2' o 05 "A Twenty Pound Plate will be run for in Hampton- Court Park, 3 Heats, on Thursday the 30th Instant, where any Horse, Mare or Gelding whatsoever, will be per- Hampton. mitted to run, shewing that day sennight before, XY. and entring their Names and Marks with Mr. Robert Stevenson at the Mitre at Hampton-Court, where the Articles may be seen; Each Horse is to carry Eleven Stone, and none but Gentlemen to Ride."-Ibid., May 2, No. 3076. "Whereas heretofore the single Course for the great Plate on Mounckton Moore near Ripon, was to be Run by any Horse, Mare or Gelding, without Exception; Algat. These are to give Notice, That the Founders have thought fit to alter the same, and have agreed, That no Horse, Mare, or Gelding shall Run the said Course but such as are under 7 years old: And the said Plate is to be Run for on Tuesday the 6th of August, i695. The Riders to be IO Stone weight. And on Wednesday the day follow- 314 RIPON- QUAINTON WINDSOR. ing the second Plate will be Run for by 3 Heats as formerly, the Riders to be Gentlemen, and i i Stone weight; both Plates of considerable value. And on Monday the 5th of August, and not before, the Horse Fair at Ripton will begin, and the Beast Fair on Thursday the 8th of August aforesaid." -Ibid., June -1, No. 3089. "A Plate of about ;50 value, will be Run for at Quainton Meadow, on Wednesday the 28th of A uegust, by any Horse under 7 years of Age, to carry i i Stone, 3 Heats, and the Horses to be shewed and entered on Thursday the Augut. 22d of August, at the 7 Stars in Waddeston. "- Ibid., July I, No. 3093. "A Plate of xio is given to be run for on Datchet Com- mon near Windsor, on the 26th of August next, Windsr. by Hunting Horses that never ran before; Each Au.guA Horse to carry I2 Stone, and put in 20s. for the second Horse."-Ibid., July 22, No. 3099. "The usual Horsecoursers are still continued at Richmond in Yorkshire, and on Wednesday the i8th of September next a Plate of the value of 30 will be run for there by any horses under the age of 7 years, by way of Seiptemer. a single Course of 4 miles; and on the day follow- ing another Plate of 20 value will be run for at the same place by any Horses without limitation of age, by way of 3 Heats, and 4 miles to each Heat."-Ibid., August 15, No. 3i06. " On Tuesday the 17th of September next, a Plate will be Run for on Lilly Hoo near Hitchin in Hertfordshire, of 30 value, any Horse may Run that never Run for y Koo. 650 in Plate or Match. Each horse to carry i0 september. Stone, with Bridle and Saddle. The Horses to be shewn, and 4 Guineas entrance, paid at the Running Horse in Lilly, the Friday before. On which day a plate of io value will be Run for by Horses that never run for 20 in Plate or Match, without being obliged to Sell the Horse. Ordinaries will be both days at the Running Horse aforesaid." -Ibid., August Aj, No. 3107. " Two Plates will be Run for at Newport Pagnell in 1695.3 3I5 THE HIS.TORY' OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XXI. Buckinghamshire, on Wednesday and Thursday the 2d and Newport 3d of October next, by any Horses. One of 20 PagneL and the other about 30. The Horse that wins October. the 30 Plate is to be sold for 30, and to carry 13 Stone."-The " London Gazette," August , No. 3107. "Whereas (by mistake) there was Notice given of a 13 Stone Plate to be Run for at Newport Pagnell in Bucking- hamshire, by any Horse whatsoever; These are therefore to give Notice, That no Horse, Mare, or Gelding, may Run for it that hath ever Run for any Plate, or Prize whatsoever, or any Match for 2O."-Ibid., September --R, No. 3113. "On Tuesday the 17th of September next, a Plate of near 20 will be run for at Abingdon in Berks, and every Horse, Abingdon. Mare, or Gelding, is to carry i i Stone with Bridle September. and Saddle, the Horses shown at Abingdon that day seven-night before they run; and Gentlemen to Ride."-Ibid., August '2, No. 3 1o8. "Whereas in the last Monday's Gazette notice was given of a Plate near 20 value, to be run for at Abingdon in Berks, on Tuesday the 17th Instant, the Horses to be sold for 1 5, no Horse to run that hath won io in Plate or Money, and none but Gentlemen to ride; It happens the same day as Woodstock Plate, and therefore the same Plate will be run for the 24th Instant, and the next day a Town Plate will be run for by Horses, Mares, or Geldings under 14 hands high, to be sold for 6, the Plate worth -7 and the Riders for both Plates to be I I Stone weight, and to be won by the best of 3 Heats."-Ibid, Aug. 29 No. 3 10. Sept. 2 "On Tuesday the 8th of October next, at Ormskirk in Lancashire, will be run a Plate of 20 value, by any Horse, Mare, or Gelding, at 12 Stone weight, October. none but Gentlemen to Ride, and the Winning Horse to be sold for I 5 at the choice of the Earl of Derby, who gives the Plate."-Ibid., September Aj, No. 3I15. The Newcastle races are first specifically mentioned in the common council books, August 6, 1695, though they 3i6 1NEWCASTLE-DURHAM. 317 appear to have existed for some time before that period. They were run upon Killingworth Moor; but on August 26, 1707, the common council re- Newcale. solved, "that for the future no cords be used or August. paid for att Killingworth-Moore." (1707.) " Durham Sessions Order. 'It is thought fit and so resolved by the Justices in open Court that from henceforth their wages goe and be employed for and towards the procuring a plate or plates to be D . run for on Durham Moor. And that it be recommended to Mr. Mayor of Durham, Chairman at this Sessions, to communicate the same to the Bishop of Durham. And that the same continue until further resolution of the Majority of Justices of Peace of this County. Signed Geo. Morland, Mayor, Rob. Eden, Will. Bowes, Ly. Vane, Hen. Liddell, Will. Lambtont Ja. Clavering, Jo. Sidgewick, Rob. Ellison, Rob. Jennison.' (The procuring of a plate or plates has been for some considerable time discontinued, and instead thereof the Bishop of Durham, allows ;io at every Sessions, to procure the Justices a Dinner, unless he be in the County, and then (1762) he entertains the Justices at the Castle)."- Syke's Local Records, vol. ii. p. 370. "On Wednesday before Easter,: a Plate value 620 will Mackenzie, "Hist. Newcastle," vol. ii. p. 599. t "William Lambton, of Lambton, Esq., was returned M.P. for the county of Durham in the years 1685, 1688, 1688-9o, 1695, 1701,and 1710, and was one of the most independent members of the House of Com- mons. He was designated under the popular title of 'Old True Blue,' and the following anecdote in illustration of his rustic independence must not be omitted :-Once on the meeting of a new Parliament, the door- keeper seeing him dressed in a plain grey homespun coat, made out of the wool of his own sheep, and thick shoes, would not admit him further than the lobby, where he sat quietly enough until a friend in a finer coat came up,1who remonstrated with the door-keeper on his shutting out one of the most honourable and respected members of the House of Commons. The door-keeper changed his tone, and hoped his honour would give him something as a remembrance. Up started Will, more vexed at the fellow's servility than at his former rudeness, and gave him a hearty box on the ear, saying, 'There's a God's penny for thee; I think thou'lt ken auld Will Lambton again."'-Ibid. t Altered to the Tuesday in Easter week (April i4).-The " London Gazette," No. 3170. 1695.] THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XXI. be Run for on Wandon Heath; every Horse that runs must William put in .4 8s. in silver: No Horse to run that 1696. has run for the value of above 5o either in Woburn. Plate or Match: Every Horse that runs to be April. shewn at the Market Cross in Woburn on the Monday before, and there pay Entrance money: [Every Horse to] Carry 1o Stone. The next day will be a Plate run for, value io, every Horse that runs to be a Guinea: The winning Horse to be at the refusal of Mr. Younger and Mr. Timbs for 6Io, by the same Article3. There will be a good Ordinary at the George in Wooburn on Wednes- day; and likewise at the Cock on Thursday."-The " London Gazette," March A1, i695-6, No. 3I67. " On the 7th of May next will be a. Plate run for on Lincoln Heath (Sir John Wray's Course) g30 value; Horses to run that never won 20 in Plate or Money, LflO Gentlemen to Ride I2 Stone weight; A -20 Plate to be run for on the 9th, Horses 50 Price, Servants may Ride, io Stone weight. Founders for the 630 Plate to put in a Guinea for each Horse that runs; and the .20 Plate half a Guinea. Strangers for the 30 Plate are to put in 4 and for the -20 Plate 2. The Stake[s] are to go to the second Horse. Three Heats each Plate."-Ibid., April -la, No. 3175. " On Bransted Downs two Plates of 20 value each, will be run for yearly for two years to come. The first Plate Banstead will be run for on May Day next, the other on Downs. Bartholomew Day following, and so on till the Kay. two years are expired; Any Horse may run for the said Plates that shall be at Charsholton, Barrowes- hedges, or some of the Contributors Stables 14 days before the Plate day; The weight Ten Stone; The Stakes 3 Guinea's, to be put into the hands of the Clerk of the Course 7 days before: Otherwise paying of 5 Guinea's they may put in at any time."-Ibid., March 1A., No. 3i66. The guinea fluctuated in value: it was worth about 30s. at this time. 3.8 L696.] WHITECHURCH-DA VENTRY-ORMSKIRK. " On Thursday the 4th of June next will be a Plate run for on Priest-Heath, near Whitechurch in Shropshire, be- tween 30 and 40 value: The Persons to ride I1 Stone: Any Horse, Mare, or Gelding may Inee. come in when they please. There will be like- wise a small Plate run for the day before, and a great Cocking all that Week."-Ibid., May fA, No. 3i83. "A Horse Race on Burrow-Hill by Daventry, for a Plate of -io value to be run the last Thursday in June this year, and other years the Thursday in Whitsun week, 4 miles each Heat, to carry i i Stone weight, and ent such that never run for above the value of 5 before; each to be run there Io days before the time of running, and give the names of the Horses and Owners, and be sold for i 5, each to put in a Guinea to go towards the next years Plate &c according to the Articles."-Ibid., June 4, No. 3189. " On the last Monday in July next, a Plate of 30 value will be run for on a parcel of Ground lately called Merton Meare, near Ormskirk in Lancashire, 3 miles, Ormkirk 3 heats, the Horses to carry I2 Stone, each (Merton xear). Horse to pay the Winner a Guinea a heat, the June. first Horse to pay for the Second, and the winning Horse to be at the refusal of the Doner for ;20. Gentlemen to ride. On the same day a Tumbler of 5 value will be run for, once round the same Course by Footmen, who never run before for above 5. And the day following at Bank Marsh near Merton Meare, a Smock of one Guinea value, and a Guinea in Gold will be run for by Women. All the said prizes being given by Thomas Fleetwood, Esquire."- Ibid., June -12 No. 3194. "On Tuesday, the 29th of September, at Ormskirk in Lancashire, a 20 Plate given by the Earl of Derby will be run for by any Horse, Mare, or Gelding, 3 Heats, 12 Stone; None but Gentlemen to Ride; The Ole rk Winning Horse to be sold for 20 at the choice September. of the said Earl."-Ibid., August 2h, No. 3212. "The Horse Race for the Plate at Quainton Meadow in 319 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XXI. Buckinghamshire, which was intended to be the 27th of August next is, at the desire of several Gentle- September. men who are Contributors, put off to that day fortnight, the ioth of September."-The " London Gazette," July 27, No. 3205. " On Tuesday the ioth day of September next a Plate of near;20 value will be run for at Abingdon in Berkshire, the Horses to run 3 Heats, and carry i i Stone Sbinegmdben weight, none but Gentlemen to ride; The Horses must be kept at Abingdon aforesaid I0 days before they run, and to be shown that day seven-night before in the Market place, the winning Horse to be sold for Li5. The next day a small Plate of 6 value will be run for by Horses under 14 hands high, to be sold for 6, the best of 3 Heats, as before."-Ibid., August t-7, No. 32 10. "At Woodstock Park, in Oxfordshire, on the 17th day of September next, will be run for a Plate of about 40 value, to be won by 3 Heats, I I Stone weight, with Bridle BWeptemsbe and Saddle, none but Gentlemen to Ride, every Horse that runs, which is not a Contributors, or owned by a Contributor, to put down 3 Guinea's, and no Con- tributor to put in more than one Horse except he put down 3 Guinea's for each Horse more than one; and no Horse to run that ever won a Plate of Li oo value. The day following, viz, the i8th of September, in the same place, will be run for a Plate of about 24 value, to be won by 3 Heats, I0 Stone wezg-ht with Bridle and Saddle, the winning Horse to be at the refusal of the second best Horse for 30, and so the third, &c. The Money to be paid the same day the Plate is run for, every Horse that runs which is not a Contributors to put down one Guinea before he start, and that to go to the second &-, no Horse to have ant share in the Plate that is not entered with the Clerk that Collects the Money the day before he runs, and to be the Horse of the Persons that put him in I 5 days before hie runs. And the day following, viz. the i9th day of September, in the same place, will be run for a Buck and Doe there given by the Right Honourable the Earl of Abingdon, to be won by 3 Heats, 1o Stone weight with Bridle 320 1696.] WOODS TOCK- WOBURN-SWAFFHAM. and Saddle; The winning Horse to be at his Lordships refusal at 1 5. The Aozey to be paid the same day the Buck and Doe is run for."-Ibid., August -1, No. 321 1. " On Wednesday the 23d of September next a 20 Plate will be run for at Newport Pagnel, by any Horse, Mare, or Gelding carrying Eleven Stone Weight; Newport and the next day a Plate of about 30 value PagneL will be run for by any Horse, Mare, or Gelding, September. that never run before, unless upon Newport Course; Every Horse &c to carry 13 Stone weight. There will be a fat Stag also run for."-1bid. " On the 29th instant a Plate, value 20 will be run for on Wandon Heath, near Wooburn in Bedfordshire, the Horses to be shew'd at the Cock in Wooburn the Tues- lw day before they run, and there to pay their Wobu. Entrance-money, every Stranger 4 Guineas and September. each Contributor one Guinea besides subscription-money. The next day a 6o Plate, given by Mr. W. Timbs, will be run for by Horses that never run before for above -ioo in Plate or Match; each Horse to put in a Guinea, and enter before they run: The winning Horse to be at the Refusal of Mr. Timbs aforesaid, for io. There will likewise be a very good Ordinary both days at the Cock in Wooburn."-1bid., Aug. 31 No 32X5 Sept. 3 0.325 " On Wednesday the 2 1st of October next, a Plate of 7o value will be run for at Swaffham in Norfolk, the Horses to carry I2 stone, the best of 3 heats, no Horse to run that ever won a Plate of 30. The winning b Horse to be sold at 30. The Horses to be shown at the Wagering-Post the 3d Wednesday in September, from which time they are to be kept in the County of Norfolk."-Ibid. " A Plate of 20 is to be run for on Lillyhoo in Hertford- shire, on Tuesday the i5th Instant, 3 Heats, IO Stone weight with Bridle and Saddle; The Horses to be entered the Saturday before at the Running eplly Hbe. Horse in Lilly, and each Stranger to pay 4 VOL. III. Y 32 r THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XX[ No Horse to run which has run for above 65o in Plate or Match."-The "London Gazette," September -1, No. 32I6. "On Thursday in Easter-week, a Plate of ioo Guineas WMllim value will be run for on the Currah of Kildare, in 1697. the Kingdom of Ireland; the Horses to carry IO The Cuerah, Stone, run three Heats as is usual, and no Horse KIldre, keiand to be excepted against."-Ibid., January -ti 1696-7, (Apri S-) No. 3256. "On Tuesday in Whitsun week next a Plate will be run for upon Burford-Downs in Oxfordshire, of LI5s value; all Gentlemen to Ride; Each Horse, Mare, or Geld- RUrf. ing to carry i i Stone; and mnay be entered the same day before Noon, with the Owner's Name, and Marks of the Horse, to William Gossen at the George Inn in Burford, who is Clerk of the Plate, where will be a very good Ordinary.'-Ibid., May 16, No. 3286. "A Thirteen Stone Plate of about 40 value, will be run for on Winchester Down on the last Wednesday in August next; No one to put in a Horse, &c. who con- Wiucheste. tributes not 20S. towards it into the hands of Mr. August. Mayor of Winton 3 weeks before the day of Running, otherwise not to run. The next day is designed a io Stone Plate; and at the Sun Inn in Winton will be a very good Ordinary on each day."-Ibid., July A, No. 3308. " A Plate of 8o value will be run for the day before the last Thursday of this Month, on Waddesden or Quainton- Quainton or Mead near Aylesbury, in Buckinghamshire; Every waddesen. Horse, Mare, or Gelding that Runs must be under JIUY. 7 years old, and carry I I Stone weight, 3 heats, and must be shewn, entered, have his Mark, Colour, and Owner's Name taken, at the Seven Stars Inn at Waddesden the Thursday before the last Thursday of this Month, between 2 and 5 a Clock in the Afternoon, by the Steward or his Deputy for the year i697."-Ibid., July 29 No. 3310 Deputy for Aug. 2'No33. "The first Wednesday in September a Plate worth 27 will be run for on Lilly-Hoo in Hertfordshire, lo Stone weight to be carried, no Horse to Run that hath Run for more than 322 1697.] LILLY HOO-ABINGDON-MARKET ROWELL. 323 50 the Horses to be entered 4 days before the Race day, at the Running-Horse in Lilly, where will be good m Ho. Ordinaries, every Stranger to pay -4 Entrance, Septmber. and 5s."-fbid., August i, No. 331 I. " On Thursday the 2d of September next, a Plate worth 60 will be Run for at Abingdon in Berks, none but Gentle- men to Ride, the Horses to carry i i Stone weight, A and to be kept at Abingdon a fortnight before Septer they run, and to be shewn that day sevennight, any Horse that hath won 630 is not qualified to run, and the winning Horse to be sold for 30. Subscribers may pay their Money to Mr. Warner, Goldsmith without Temple-Bar, or to Mr. Hart, Goldsmith at Abingdon. At the new Inn will be a very good Ordinary."-Ibid. "The next day a Town Plate value near 20 will be run for; The Horses to carry the same weight; No Horses that hath won .63 to run; The Winning Horse to be sold for Ten Guinea's; The Horses to shew the day before the Gentlemans Plate is run for. A Smock will be run for in the morning value near 5os.; and the Ordinary will be kept at the White Hart, and not at the New Inn."-Ibid., August J4, No. 3315. " On the first Thursday in September next will be run for at Market-Rowell in Northamptonshire, a Plate worth 40. Every Horse, Mare, or Gelding to carry 13 Stone Whet weight, and run 3 Heats, 4 Miles each Heat; but EoweU. if these 3 Heats are won by 3 several Horses, a SePtembe. 4th must decide the Controversie; None but Gentlemen must Ride; and every Horse, Mare, or Gelding must appear to be entered at the Weighing Post the Wednesday sevenight before the Race; and none to run that has ever won the value of 20 in Money or Plate; The Winner to be sold for 30 Guineas."-Ibid., August a, No. 3312. " On the 15th of September will be run for in Woodstock- Park in Oxfordshire, a Plate value 30 each Horse to carry i i Stone weight, none but Gentlemen to ride, the best of 3 Heats. The next day there will be a September Plate of .20 value, IO Stone, 3 Heats, the Winning Horse to be sold for .30. And on the 17th will be 4 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XXI. given a Buck and Doe to be run for on the same Course, IO Stone weight, 3 Heats, the Winning Horse to be at the refusal of the Second Horse (and after him of each other Horse that runs) for ,I5. The same day in the morning will be run for, by Women, a Smock of 5 value, 3 Heats, half a mile each Heat."-The " London Gazette," August 1 , No. 3315. " On the i5th of September next a Plate will be run for on Wandon Heath near Wooburn-Abbey in Bedfordshire, of .20 value; No Horse, Mare, or Gelding to run Woburn. that hath ever run for above ioo at one time September. either in Plate or Match; and to carry IO Stone besides Bridle and Saddle, allowing 4 pound for the Saddle; Every stranger must put in 4 Guineas, every Founder one Guinea, and to be-shewn the Saturday before they run at the Cock in Wooburn, and their pay their Entrance-money. The next day a -io Plate will be run for, and the Winning Horse, shall be sold for 6io to the Owners of the Plate; and every Horse that runs for this Plate must pay one Guinea Entrance- money, and enter when they please."-Ibid. " On the last Thursday in September next a Plate worth 40 Guinea's will be run for at Nottingham Course, by any Horse, Mare, or Gelding that has not run oftner oteptegber. than once for Plate or Money above 40 value; Every Horse &W to carry I 2 Stone weight, and to Rid 3 Heats; The Winning Horse to be sold for 40 Guinea's; None but Gentlemen to Ride; The Horses to be shewn at the Weighing Post that day sevenight before the Plate is run for; Whosoever is not a Contributor, at the Entrance of his Horse, &W, is to pay 4 Guinea's. The day after will be run for a Plate of 20 value, by any Horse &C, Gentlemen to Ride, 3 Heats, IO Stone weight, and to be entered at the Weighing Post that day sevenight before."-Ibid. "On the 15th of September next there will be a Plate of 20 Guinea's Value to be run for on Barlow-More, near Man- 1697. chester in Lancashire: The Horses are to carry MancheIter. i Stone-weight, and only Gentlemen to ride, and (oor.) to run Heats, and those that are not Founders to September. pay three Guinea's Entrance. The next day 324 1697.] MANCHESTER-HAMPTON-NORTHAMPTON. 325 there will be a Plate of io Guinea's, the Horses to carry Ten Stone, and to run three Heats, and pay a Guinea and a half for Entrance; the Horses must be shown and entered at Manchester Cross on the 7t of September, where the Clark of the Articles will attend from Ten of the Clock till One, and no Horse be allowed to Run, that doth not Enter at the Time limited."-The "Post Boy," August A-i, 1697, No. 356. " On the 3d Wednesday in October next will be a Plate of 70 value, at Swaffham; The Horses to carry I2 Stone, and to be shewn the 3d Wednesday in September, and to be kept from that time in the said Country; No October. Horse is permitted to run that ever run for .33 Sterling; and the Winning Horse is to be sold for 30. The best of 3 Heats wins the Plate. Also a Plate of about 20 value is to be run for the Friday following; the Horses to carry 12 Stone; The best of 3 Heats and to be shewn the 3d Wednesday in September."-The "London Gazette," No. 3319. "The Plate is to be run for at the Paddock at Hampton- Court on Monday the 4th of October next, between i i and 12 of the Clock, value about 20, but for the future upon the i9th day of September next."- Ocor.ber Ibid., September Ji, No. 3326. "On Wednesday the 20th Instant a Plate of 20 value will be run for at Newport Pagnell in Buckinghamshire, by any Horse Mare or Gelding, to come in when Nwort they please, paying their money before they Start, PaeL the Stakes 5 each, and to carry io Stone weight October. to run 4 miles a Heat, 3 Heats; the Horses & to be Entered at the Sarazens Head in Newport aforesaid, where will be a very good Ordinary."-Ibid. Sept. ,3 No. 3328. Oct. 4 "On the second Day of November next, there will be a Wild Hind run with fleet Hounds, at Northampton, That whosoever is first in at the Death of her, so as to wound her, shall have a Plate of a consider- November. able Value; no horse being refused to ride that carries eleven Stone: The Articles to be seen at the 36 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XXL George in Northampton."-The " Post Boy," October jAf, i697, No. 38I. " On Tuesday last, there was a great Horse-Race on Branstead Downs, for a Plate of greater value William m.I 1898. than any hitherto run for there. There were Banstd 5 Horses started, but only 3 of them came Down& in; the first of them belonging to the Right Hounourable the Lord Winchelsea, won the Plate." -The " Flying Post," May 31 No. 477. Aug. i ' "Whereas Carsholtons Plates Run for on May Day and Bartholomew-Day the 3 last years; the Contributors has Agreed to give another Plate of 20. value to be CXarholy. Run for on the last day of May next: The Horses to stand at some of the contributors Houses 14 days before the Plate day, and 7 days before the said day to put down 3 guineas for each Horse into the Clerk of the Courses Hands; If not put down at that time, they must pay 5 guineas for every Horse, Mare, or Gelding that Runs."-The "London Gazette," April 4, i698, No. 338i. "Banstead Downs Plate of 20 value, will be Run for on the 24th instant, being Bartholomew-day; Any Horse may Ba.wtmd Run for the said Plate that shall be at Charshol- Downs. ton, Barrowe-hedges, or some of the Contributors AugUSt Stables I4 days before the Plate, pay 3 Guineas into the Clerk of the Courses Hand for each Horses stakes: Paying five Guineas any body may put it in when they please. The Weight io Stone."-Ibid., JA1y 28, NO. 3414 Aug. i "A Plate of 30 value will be Run for on Cowden-Course near Blakewell in Derby-shire, on the lastThursday BskmweiL in July, io Stone weight, 3 Heats, no Price on the July- Horses. Every subscriber to pay 20S. if no Sub- scriber 40s.-The " London Gazette," June 136 i698, No. 3401. "At Nottingham on the first Wednesday in August next, a Plate of 6o value will be Run for 3 Heats rid by Gentle- Nottinghm. men only: The Horses carry 12 Stone weight, August 6 years old, and are to be shewn and entered at 326 NOTTS.-WINTON-MANCHESTER. the Starting-Post that day 3 Weeks before, paying 5 Guineas (Contributors pay but One) which Stakes are for the 2d Horse. The Race will be continued 7 years. The Town of Nottingham gives a Plate of 30 for the next day, 3 Heats, any Horse, Mare, or Gelding to Run, the Riders Gentlemen, io Stone weight: The Horses to be entered that day fortnight before, paying 3 Guineas: Two Matches will be Run the 3d, one of 40 and the other of 20 Guineas. An Ordinary will be kept every day."-The " London Gazette," June 2X, I698, No. 3403. "The I 3 Stone Plate at Winton will be Run for on Wednesday the last day of A gust. The Contributors are desired to pay their Contributions to the Steward, or his Deputy Ellis Mewzs, Jun. of Winton Esq. Wag4 The next day after, a Plate will be run for there, A of near 20 value, the Weight I0 Stone, the winning Horse to be sold for 6'5."-."'The Post Boy," August Il, i698, No. 5i6. "On Swancey Green near Hanslope, in the County of Bucks, on the first Tuesday in August next, a plate will be run for to the value of Thirty pounds, each Horse Swaney to carry Twelve-stone, and none but Gentlemen Green, to ride: No Horse can run for this Plate that is H-Elope. not under Seven Years old, and has never run for Auguxt. the value of 20 Pounds in Money or Plate before. The Horses must be shown and Enter'd io days before at the White Swan in Hanslope; the winning Horse to be Sold for Fifty Guineas."-The " Post Boy," July 2, i698, No. 494. "This is to give Notice, That there will be a Plate of between 20 & 30 value Run for, upon Barlow-Moor, near Manchester, in Lancashire, the 9th day of August Manchester next; a Three-mile Course, three Heats; each (Barlow- Horse, Mare, or Gelding, to carry Ten Stone loor.) weight, and none to Run that ever run for any Augut. Plate or Prize above Five pounds value; The Horses to be shewn the day seven night before, at the Starting- post of the said Course."-The "Post Boy," June i, i698, No. 483. 1698.1 327 THE HISTORY OF- NEWMARKET. [BooK XX. "These are to give notice, that besides the two Plates that are to be Run for on Quainton Meadow the 24th & 25th Instant, that there is also another Plate to be Run 'j"' for, IO Stone weight, three Heats, on the same August. Meadow, on Friday the 26th, given by the town of Alsbury, value Cio. No Horse &e. that has ever run a Match for io value, shall start; and that they are to be shewn on Monday the 22d, at 5 in the Afternoon, at the Crown Inn in Ailesbury. And in the same Town, on Wednes- day & Friday, will be Ordinaries at the Kings-Head-Inn, and at the Saraceiu's-Head-Inn."-The " Flying Post," August or, I698, No. 507. " Towards the close of August the statesmen of the Junto, disappointed and anxious but not hopeless, dispersed in order 1696. to lay in a stock of health and vigour for the next parliamentary campaign. There were races at that season in the neighbourhood of Winchenden, Wharton's seat in Buckinghamshire; and a large party assembled there. Oxford, Montague and Shrewsbury repaired to the muster. But Somers, whose chronic maladies, aggravated by sedulous application to judicial and political business, made it necessary for him to avoid crowds and luxurious banquets, retired to Tunbridge Wells, and tried to repair his exhausted frame with the water of the springs and air of the heath."-Lord Macaulay, " Hist. Eng.," chap. xxiv., vol. v. p. 130. " Mr. Secretary Vernon to the Earl of Portland, Whitehall, August LR, i698. I have the honour of Your Lordship's letter of the 24th instant by the messenger who Quarendo. arrived this afternoon. My Lord Chancellor being gone this morning to Tunbridge, I sent his Majesty's letter thither, and have likewise inclosed to you that of your Lordship's, not knowing but it might be of use to explain some particulars of what is proposed to be con- sidered. It happens inconveniently enough that his Lordship should be out of town just at that time, and some of those whom I believe he would chose to advise with upon so im- portant an occasion are going about the begining of next month to Quarendon race, near Wichendon, where the Duke 328 QUAJINTON-DONCASTER. of Shrewsbury is to meet them. There Go from hence Lord Marlborough, Lord Orford, Lord Godolphin and Mr. Mon- tague. They go early on Tuesday to dine at St. Albans, and from thence to lie at Wichendon."-" Letters of William III. to Louis XIV. and of their Ministers," by Paul Grimbolt, vol. ii. p. 130. "Mr. Montague to the Duke of Shrewsbury. Aug. if, i698. My Lord; I am very much obliged to your grace, for the several rendezvous you have given me, and since you intend to be at Winchendon the latter end of this month, I will endeavour to wait upon you there. I had not much satisfaction of seeing you at a horse-race lately, but I hope Rainston will make an atonement for Newmarket. Lord Montague ' has a design of inviting your grace to go from thence to Broughton."-" Correspondence of Charles Talbot, Duke of Shrewsbury," by Archdeacon Coxe, p. 55I. "These are to give notice, That on a Meadow between Waddesdon and Quainton in the County of Bucks, a Plate will be Run for on Wednesday the 24th of August Instant of above "6o value, i i Stone weight, 3 Heats, No Horses &W. to run that is 7 years old, and all Horses to be shewn at the 7 Stars at Waddesdon on Thursday the i8th of August. The next day will be run for a Plate there of about i0 value, ii Stone weight, 3 Heats, the Winning Horse to be sold for 20 Guinea's."-The "London Gazette," August 4, i698, No. 3415. " A Plate to be run for of 25 value by any Horse, Mare, or Gelding, 3 Heats, 12 Stone weight, upon Doncaster Com- mon the i8th Instant; Gentlemen Ride; and to Doneter enter the X ith of the said month at the Angel t Augst. Ralph, afterwards Duke of Montague. t In January, x68o-i, a fatal affray occurred in the Angel Inn, at Doncaster, between Archibald, 8th Earl of Eglinton, and a Mr. Maddox, in which the latter was killed. A dispute arose over a game of hazard, when the earl drew his sword and mortally stabbed his adversary. He was found guilty at York, and sentenced to death, but was reprieved until the king's pleasure was known, and was subsequently set free. The Angel Inn at this time stood on the eastern side of French Gate, on the 1698.] 329 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XXL in Doncaster."-The "London Gazette," August I, i698, No. 3415. "On Thursday the first of September next, will be Run for on Rothwell Slade in Northamptonshire, a Plate of ;4o Northampton value, 13 Stone, no Horse to Run that has won (Rothwell 20, the winning Horse to be sold for 30 Sade.) Guineas. The next day will be a Plate of 50 September. value, 12 Stone, no Horse to Run that is 7 years old; the winning Horse to be sold for 50 Guineas. The Horses for each Plate must be entered the Tuesday Seven- night before they Run at the Starting Post, between 4 and 8 in the afternoon. None but Gentlemen to Ride for either Plate. Contributors put in One Guinea Stake, others 6, which go to the Second Horse."-The " London Gazette," July 28 I698, No. 3414. Aug. i " On Thursday the 8th of September next a Plate of 8o value will be run for at Abingdon in Berks; The Horses to carry i i Stone, 3 Heats, Gentlemen to Ride; Abigdou. The Horses to be kept at Abingdon 14 days Septmber. before they run; No Horse that has won .30 or more is to Run; and the winning Horse to be sold for 30 Guinea's. The next day a small Plate of 20 will be given by the Town, II Stone weight; no Horse to run that has won 20 and to be sold for io."-The "London Gazette," August -, I698, No. 3417. " A plate of E I 2 value to be run for at Dotchett Common near Windsor, upon the 3rd of September next; Every Horse, Mare, or Gelding, to carry 12 Stone; and no September. Horse, Mare, or Gelding to be admitted that ever run for any Plate before."-The " London Gazette," August I, i698, No. 3418. Ibid., No. 34I9. "At Woodstock-Park in Oxfordshire, on the I5th of Sep- tember, is to be run for a Plate of 40 value, 12 Stone Weightt; site of the present Guildhall. In later times, on the establishment of another house, on the opposite side of the street, it was distinguished by the appellation of the Old AngeL-" Fretwell's Diary "(note). 330 WOODSTOCK- THETFORD. None but Gentlemen to Ride; No Horse to run that ever won the value of 40 Guinea's, either in Money or Plate, The Winning Horse to be sold for 40 Guinea's, the money to be Woodstock. paid the same day; If more than one Contributor Septmber. be desirous to buy him, then to trow Dice, the most at 3 Throws; every Horse to be skewed at the Market-Cross in Woodstock 7 days before he runs, and entered with the Steward or Clerk of the Race, and stand in Woodstock six days before he runs. The day following a Plate of 20 value, io Stone weight, the Winning Horse to be sold for ;30 the money paid the same day; The Horse to be entered with the Clerk or Steward, and stand in Woodstock 7 days before they run. No Horse to Run that hath not been the Owners 15 days before he runs. The day following a Smock to the value of io in the morning. In the afternoon a Buck and Doe given by the Right Hounourable the Lord Wharton, IO Stone weight; the Horse to be sold for i5. to be paid the same day."--The "London Gazette," August Aj, 1698, No. 3421. Ibid., No. 3423. "A Plate of 6o value or upwards, is to be Run for at Thetford in Norfolk, the last Friday of this instant September, 3 Heats of 4 miles, near the Town; The Horses to be shewed at the Bell in Thetford, on the Thetord Thursday fortnight preceding, and from that time to be kept at Thetford, each carrying Ii Stone, and every Horse not belonging to a Contributor to stake 5 Guinea's before Starting, to be given to the next best Horse. Every Horse that Starteth for the Plate to be Sold for 30 Guinea's. No Horse to Run for this Plate that ever Run before for any other Plate or Money above io."-The " London Gazette," Aug. 29 i698, No 3423. (See the Articles and subscribers of Sept. i this plate, ante, pp. 284-286.) " The Thetford 6o Plate, mentioned in the former Gazette, to be run for the last Friday of this instant Sep- tember, is already made, and consists of a large Monteif, and a large Cup, Cover and Salver; and the next day after will be run for there, a Town Plate of io and the Horses for this to carry 9 Stone, and not to be above 14 hands; 1698.] 331 THIE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [Bth Xa. and the winning Horse to be sold for io Guineas.'-The "London Gazette," No. 3425. "On Wednesday the 19th day of October next will be a Plate of about .70 value run for at Swafham in Norfolk; 1698. The Horses to carry 12 Stone; No Horses to Swaffht run that hath ever run for a Plate worth more than October. 633 Sterling; The winning Horse to be sold for 30. The Horses to be shewn on Wednesday the 2Ith of September next at the Starting Post, and to be kept from that time in the Country."-The " London Gazette," August 25, 1698, No. 3421. " A Plate of _20 value to be run for on Lillyhoo in Hart- fordshire on Wednesday the 7th of September, 3 Heats, IO My Hoo. Stone weight; The Horses to be shewn at the September. Running-Horse in Lilly two days before the Race, where will be a good Ordinary."-Ibid., No. 3422. " A plate of 20 value, or upwards, is to be Run for at Stonedge, near Amesbury in Wiltshire, the first Wednesday in October: Three Heats, four Miles each Heat, Otonber.ge every Horse carrying 12 Stone. Any Horse may run, if he be at the Starting-place a Fortnight before, paying the Steward ios. The winning Horse to be sold for 30."-The " London Gazette," September 5, 1698, No. 3425. "There will be a Plate of 30 value, Run for at Lan- caster, on the 5th of December next: None but Gentle- men to Ride, and to carry i i Stone weight with LDecmber. Saddle and Bridle: To Run 3 Heats, each Heat 3 Miles.-The " London Gazette," October .2-4 i698, No. 3439. "At Swaffham in Norfolk, a Plate of 30 Guineas will be Run for the last Wednesday in March next, the Horses to Wiiam L carry 12 Stone weight, Gentlemen to Ride, and Im. to be shown that day Fortnight before they Run, Swaffham in the Market-place, and be kept from that time Xoh. in the said Town: No Horses to run that ever won a Plate or Prize of above -5o. There will be also a 33' 1699.) SWAFFHAM-LILLY HOO-DURHAM. Cocking at the same time to continue 3 days."-The " Lon- don Gazette," January 21, 1698-9, No. 3465. "At Swaffham in Norfolk, a Plate of about 30 Guineas value will be run for on Wednesday the 25th of October next, I2 Stone each; The Horses to be shewn that day fortnight before in the Market-place e at Swaffham; and no Horse to run that ever wvon the value of 50 in Plate or Money."-Ibid., September I4, i699, No. 353'- [" On Wednesday in Whitson-week, being the 3 I St Instant, will be a Horse Race from Norwich to Bungay, being Twelve Miles, for 200 Guinea's, carrying [2 Stone each."- sty The "Post Boy," May JI, i699, No. 642.] "A Plate of 20 Value to be Run for on Lilly-Hoo in Hartfordshire on Wednesday the 29th Instant; any Horse to Run that never won above 5o in Plate or Money and to carry I i Stone weight: None but Gentle- 3 rHoo men to Ride. The Horses to be shewn and enter'd the Saturday before at the Running Horse in Lilly where will be a good Ordinary on the Race-day. Likewise a Plate of 5 and a pair of Silver Spurs will be Run for."- The " London Gazette," March -fl, i698-9, No. 3479. " On Friday the Fift of September next, a Plate of about 20 value will be run for on Lilly Hoo in Hertfordshire, by any Horse (carrying IO stone) that never won above 50 in Plate or Money: The Horses to 8tm be entered the Saturday before at the Running-Horse in Lilly, where there will be a good Ordinary the day of Running."-Ibid., August l -, No. 3524. "On the 25th of March next, a Plate of 25 Value will be Run for on Whitburn-Lisard in the County of Durham, by any Horse, Mare, or Gelding; the Weight hitbu, II Stone; 3 Heats. The Horses to be entered Lisard at Whitburn that day sevennight before the Oh Race."-The "London Gazette," February j6, i698-9, No. 3472. "On Tuesday the x6tb, and on Thursday the i8th of May next, Two Plates of very considerable Value will be 333 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XX. Run for on Durham Moor without Limitation; the Weight Durhma IO Stone. The Horses to be shewn and enter'd X&Y. at Durham the 9th of May."-The " London Gazette," April If, i6W, No. 3488. "Two Plates of a considerable Value will be Run for on Stapleton-Lease in Yorkshire the 2d Thursday in May next, the one by any Horse, Mare, or Gelding that eAt- never Run for 4os. value, 4 Miles, x2 Stone weight, Gentlemen to Ride; the other by any Horse &c, as have been hunted on the Northside of Trent, and will take 30 for them before they are enter'd by any two Founders in Pontefract, where they are to be shewn that day Month before they run: Gentlemen to ride, I2 Stone, 3 Heats."-The " London Gazette," March jig, i698-9, No. 3480. "This is to give notice that the Daventry-Plate will be run for on the Borrough Hill, on Thursday in Whitsun-Week, being the first day of June, as formerly, and that Daeutry. a fat Buck will be Run for there the day after, by Horses of the value of Ten Pounds."-The "Post Boy," May ii, i699, No. 640. "A Plate of 20 value will be run for on Levington- Down in Wilts on Monday the 5th of June next; the winning Horse to be sold for 20. And no Horse to run La vigtmn which has before run for any Plate or Prize. The June. Horses to be shewn at West Lavington 7 days before the Plate is run for."-The " London Gazette," May A, i699, No. 3497. " On Whitson-Monday a Plate of 5 value will be Run for on Branstead Downs, 3 Heats; each Horse to carry Io Stone, and pay ios. No Horse to run that ever run for above Rio and the winning Horse to be thrown for at 0io Price by the Gentlemen who put in their Horses. The Horses are to be shewn that morning before the run at Mr. John Watson's at Barrows'- Hedges, where will be good Entertainment."-The " London Gazette," May 8, I699, No. 3398. "A Plate will be Run for upon Doncaster-Common the 334 169] DONCASTER-NO TTS.- WINCHESTER. Second Thursday in July next, by any Horse, Mare, or Gelding, 3 Heats, 12 Stone, Gentlemen to Ride; Doncatr. And upon Friday there will be run a Plate of i l 5 NzsY Value, by any Horse, Mare, or Gelding, that never run for above 40s. IO Stone Weight, 4 miles, and to be enter'd at the Angel in Doncaster a fortnight before they run."-The " London Gazette," June A, i699, No. 3504. " On Friday his Highness the Duke of Gloucester diverted himself at a Horse-race in Windsor Park." ITUor. -The " London Post," July 2 f, 1699, No. 24. "A Plate of so value will be Run for at Nottingham- Course the first Wednesday in August; Gentlemen to ride, I2 Stone, 3 Heats; The Horses to be under 7 years old, and entered at the Starting-Post that AugustL day 3 weeks before. Also Nottingham Town Plate of 25 value to be Run for at the same Course the first Friday in August, by any Horse, Mare, or Gelding, carrying IO Stone, 3 Heats, and to be entered at the Starting-Post the Friday fortnight before."-The " London Gazette," July a, i 699, No. 3 51 I. " All Contributors to Winchester I3 Stone Plate, to be Run for on the Wednesday in August next, are desired, (according to the Articles) to pay their Contribu- tions one Month before the day of the Running to Wuguestr Mr. Ansell at the Covent-Garden Tavern in Witch-street, London, or to Mr. Coleson at the White-Hart and Sun in Winchester, otherwise they can put in no Horse to run for the same. And at the aforesaid Plates Gentlemen may subscribe the Articles, about 70 being already sub- scribed."-The " London Gazette," July J, i699, No. 351 I. "A Ten-Stone Plate is to be run for on Winchester- Downes the last Thursday in August for 20 the winning Horse to be sold for 20. The next day another Plate will be run for on the same Downes, and by the same Articles, for io the winning Horse to be sold for io. Both being the City of Winchester's Plate."-The " London Gazette," July 31 Aug. 3 699, NO. 3519. 335 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [Boo XX. "On the last Wednesday in this Month, being the 30th Instant, will be run for on Winchester-Down a Thirteen-Stone Plate of about 8o Subscription, by any Horse whose Owner has paid Contribution according to the Articles, and shewed his Horse at the Starting-Post the Wednesday before, between the hours of i i and I2 before Noon; Any Horse that starts to be sold for 6o, and the Winner for 40. All Gentlemen are desired to pay their Subscriptions to the Steward or his Deputy at Winchester, as soon as conveniently they can. The next day, being Thursday, a Ten-Stone Plate will be run for on the same Heats."-The " London Gazette," August ki 1699, No. 3524. " A Plate of 30 value will be Run for the 2d Thursday in August next upon Saulcey-Green in Bucks, by Horses under sanleey 7 years old that never run for 20 in Money or Green, Plate, to carry 12 Stone weight; none but HadopeB. Gentlemen to ride; the winning Horse to be sold August for 5o Guineas: The Horses to be shewn and enter'd IO days before at the White-Swan in Hanslope. The day after there will be a Brace of Bucks run for at the same Place, the Horses to carry IO Stone, and the winning Horse to be sold for io."-The "London Gazette," July A7, I699, No. 3514. "On Cowden Court above Bakewell in Derbyshire in August next, will be run three Plates, viz. on the 17th a Plate of io value, IO stone weight, three heats, the BaudL winning Horse to be sold for 30. On the i8th a Plate of 30 value, IO stone weight, three heats, and the winning Horse to be sold for 60 no Horse must run for the Plate, that has ever run for any Plate whatsoever, or Money above 5. On the i9th a Plate of 40 value 10 stone weight, three heats, no price on the Horses, all the Horses is to be shewn at the Red Lion in Bakewell, eight days before the day of the running for each Plate. Where the Articles for each Plate may be seen at large."-The " Post Man," July 4, 1699, No. 635. "On Rowell-Slade in Northamptonshire, will be run for on Wednesday the 6th of September next, a Plate of `i 5 336 1699.] NORTHAMPTON-MARKET DRAYTON. value, IO Stone weight; no Horse to run that ever run for 5 in Plate or Money; the winning Horse to be sold for L'I 5. The next day a Plate of .40 value, Northamptn 13 Stone; no Horse to run that ever won C20 (Bothwell- the winning Horse to be sold. for 30 Guineas. Blade.) The next day a Plate of 50 value 12 Stone; p no Horse to run that is 7 years old, the winning Horse to be sold for 50 Guineas: The Horsis to be enter'd the Tuesday sevennight before at the Starting Post; None but Gentlemen to ride for the two latter."-The " London Gazette," July j7, I699, No. 3514. " A Plate of :30 value and upwards will be Run for at Market-Drayton Course in Shropshire, on Thirley-Heath, the 15th of September next, 3 Heats; Any Gentleman XAret may put in Horse, Mare, or Gelding, paying s Dtyem and to be entered at the Starting-Post a fortnight "Ptember- before: A Contributor pays nothing for putting in. Whoever wins, is to pay 5 more."-The " London Gazette," July A, I699, No. 3514. " A Plate of .6o value will be run for on Wednesday the 30th of August next in Coventry-Park near Coventry, by Horses that never won 30 in Plate or Money, I3 Stone weight; the winning horse to be sold for CoventrY. 40 and to be shewn and enter'd that day seven- Agus night before at the Starting-Post in Coventry-Park between IO & i i in the afternoon. The next day a Plate of 20 value will be Run for, 12 stone weight; The Horses to be enter'd at the same time and place as for the other Plate."-The "London Gazette," July 2J, i699, No. 3518. "On Wednesday the 30th Instant, a Plate of 6o value and upwards will be run for on Quainton-Meadow in Bucks by any Horse Mare or Gelding under 7 years old, I I Stone weight, 3 Heats; The Horses to be AuguL shewn the Thursday before at the 7 Stars in Waddesdon betwixt 3 and 5 in the afternoon. The next day there will be run for a Plate of about .io value, i i Stone, 3 Heats; the winning Horse to be sold for 20 Guineas."-The "London Gazette," August , i699, No. 3520. VOL. III. Z 337 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BoOK XXI. " A Plate of 20 value will be Run for on Wednesday the 27th of September next at Lincoln, 12 Stone weight, Gentle- men to ride; Hunters that never run for a Plate ptembor before; the winning Horse to be sold for 630. The Horses &c to be entered with the Mayor of Lincoln a week before the day of Running. Also a match for XIoo will be run for the day before the Plate."--The " London Gazette," August 1X, i699, No. 3522. "Eleven Stone Plate of 6o value, to be run for in Chilton- Mead near Abingdon on the first Thursday in September iH next; Gentlemen to ride; no Horse that ever Abingd. won 630 in Plate or Money to run. The winning Setember- Horse to be sold for Thirty Guineas, and to be in Abington in Berks 14 days before."-The " London Gazette," August A1, i699, No. 3522. " The Town-Plate for Abingdon in Berks, near 20 value will be run for on Friday the 8th of September next: No Horse, Mare, or Gelding to run, that ever won the value of C13 in Money or Plate, and to carry iI Stone weight; the winning Horse to be sold for io Guineas. The Horses to be shewn at Abingdon two days before the Running."-Ibid., August jA, No. 3524. " On the i5th of September next, a Plate of .40 value will be run for at Woodstock-Park in Oxfordshire, i2 Stone weight, the best of 3 Heats the 4 Mile Course, Beptmbff. none but Gentlemen to ride; Those who are not Contributors put down 4 Guineas a Horse: No Horse to run that ever won 40 Guineas in Money or Plate, and the winning Horse to be sold for 40 Guineas, The horses to be shewn at the Market-Cross in Woodstock, and left in the Town, 6 days before they run, and enter'd with the Steward or Clerk of the Race. The day following there will be run for another Plate of 20 value Io Stone weight, the same Course; the winning Horse to be sold for 30. Every Horse not a Contributor's puts down 2 Guineas before he start, and to be enter'd with the Clerk that Collects the Money, 6 days before he runs, and to stand so long in Woodstock; He must be the Owner's I days before 338 1699.] WOODS TOCK-RICHMOND-THE TFORD. he runs. On the Monday following, the Smock-Race in the morning, the Buck and Doe given there by the Rt. Hon. the Lord Wharton in the afternoon, io Stone weight, the same Course; the winning Horse to be at the refusal of the second Horse for Li 5."-The "London Gazette," August 14, 169, No. 3523. "On Monday the i8th of September next, a Plate of 24 value will be run for at Richmond in Yorkshire, by Horses, Mares, or Geldings, under 7 years old, at a Four- mile Course; And the day following a Plate of Bephtmber i6 value will be run for there by any Horses, Mares, or Geldings, 3 Heats, each Heat 4 miles." -The London Gazette," August A, i699, No. 3523. "A Plate of about 6o value will be run for at Thetford in Norfolk the last Friday in September next, 3 Heats of 4 Miles near the Town. Every Horse not a Contributor's to stake 3 Guineas before starting, hetpmbrd. to be given to the next best Horse: and every Horse that starteth for the Plate to be sold for 30 Guineas No Horse to run that ever run for above 30 in Plate or Money. The Horses to be shewn at the Bell Inn in Thetford the Thursday fortnight before, and kept in the Town till the day of the Running."-" The London Gazette," August Ar, i699, No. 3524. " Whereas a Plate of 60 value is be run for at Thetford in Norfolk the last Friday in this Month, this is to give Notice, That on the day following, being Saturday, will be run for a Plate of 8 value and upwards, given by the Town, 4 miles, 3 Heats, 9 stone weight; every Horse, &c. to start at two afternoon, and not to measure 14 hands; to be entered by the Steward the Friday fortnight before at the Bell Inn in Thetford, where will be a very good Ordinary on Friday and Saturday; the Horses &c. to be kept at Thetford 7 days, otherwise not permitted to run; and every Horse that starteth, to be sold for IO Guineas."-Ibid., September a, No. 3529. "These are to give Notice, That a Plate of six Pound Value is to be run for a three mile Course, three Heats, Nine 339 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XXI. Stone wait, on Amersham Common, in the County of Bucks, 169. the i4th Day of October next, betwixt the Hours Ameruham. of i and 3 in the Afternoon, by any Horse, Mare October. or Gelding, not having at any time before run for any Plate or Money above the value of Five Pounds, and the Winning-Horse shall be sold for IO Pound, to any of the Contributors, whose Fortune it shall be to throw the greatest number on six Dice at three times; Every Horse to be entered 4 Days before at Mr. James Child, at the Sign of the Crown in Arnersham, 5s. to be paid by any person that so enters his Horse, except such contributors to the said Plate to the Value of 5s."-The " Post Boy," September -2, i697, No. 69I. "On Tuesday the 24th of October next, a Plate of 25 value will be run for at Langton-Woulds, near emit,,, New-Malton in Yorkshire; three Heats, Gentle- men to ride, 12 Stone weight.'"-The "London Gazette," August if, i699, No. 3527. " Eleven Stone Plate of ;20 value will be run for in a Meadow near Wallingford in Berks the 4th of October next, Gentlemen to ride: No Horse to run that ever Wafeingord- run for above -5 value; the winning Horse to be sold for i 5 Guineas, and to be shewn in Walling- ford that day sevenight before."-Ibid., September 1, No. 3529. "There will be a Plate of 5 value Run for at Lalam Common, in Middlesex, near Stains, by Galloways not exceed- .lehm ing I3 Hands, 8 Stone weight, (3 mile course) common, and to run 3 Heats and a Course, provided they Stuinez are shown to Mr. Thomas Gardiner at his House November. at Lalam, on, or before the ioth of November next, where each Horse's Mark will be taken, paying a Guinea entrance, where will be very good Accommodation both for Man and Horse, and a very good Stable, with 3 Stalls for any of the Horses that shall be sent down. They will Start exactly at One of the Clock; the winning Gallaway to be sold for IO Guinea's, if any Person thinks fit to give it."-The " Post Boy," October A4, i699, No. 712. Ibid., No. 713. ", A Plate by Subscription of i8 value will be run for on 340 AMESBURY THE CURRAGH. Wednesday the 4th of October next at Amesbury Course in Wiltshire, near Stonidge, ten Stone weight, three kesbux Heats: And on the Saturday following, another Stonehenge. Plate of Z20 value and upwards will be run for at October. the same Course, 12 Stone weight, 3 Heats, no Horse above 6 years old to run: The Horses to be shewn for both Plates at the Starting-Post the Wednesday Fortnight before the day of Starting."-The " London Gazette," September A, i699, No. 3530. " Dublin, Sept. i6. On the 21St Instant, A Plate of .Ioo given by his Majesty is to be run for on the T.h Cunah. Currough of Kildere." -" The Flying Post," Sep- September. tember A, No. 682. "Dublin, Sept. i9. Yesterday his Excellency the Earl of Gallway'm and our Lord Chancellor went to the Currough to see the Horse-Racing. They will not return till the 25th."- Ibid., No. 683. 258 Henri De Massue De Ruvigny, Viscount and EARL OF GALWAY, eldest son of the Marquis De Ruvigny, was born in Paris, April 9, i648. Early in life he entered the French army, and he served with more or less distinction in several cam- paigns. In the reign of Charles II., De Ruvigny was employed by Louis XIV. as a diplomatist, and in i678 he arrived in England on a secret mission aimed against the Earl of Danby. On the accession of William III. he came over to England, joined the Orange cause, and was appointed to a high com- mand in the expedition to Ireland. He led the Oxford and French Huguenot cavalry regiments at the signal battle of Aughrim, in the county Galway, with which engagement the reign of James II. terminated. The patent of nobility, which he had earned upon this field, at once took the place of his hereditary marquisate, and they always spoke of him as Milord Galloway, the title of Viscount Galway being derived from the county of Galway being referred to, and not the town. Under the date of March 12, 169I, Luttrell notes: "Monsieur De Ruvigny goes hence on Monday to command the army in 16993] 341 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. (BOOK XXI. Ireland." It was intended that he should reside permanently in Dublin; and he was highly pleased with his destiny. He was delighted with the Irish capital. He wrote in glowing terms to his friend St. Evremond, and to the Duchess of Mazarin, accompanying his letters with presents of the manu- factures of the country. To the former he sent a bale of Hibernian frieze, and to the latter some potent and aromatic poteen. St. Evremond, in a letter to the Marquis de Mire- mont, humorously declared that by these gifts "my Lord Gallway " designed to bribe the fair lady and himself to desert proud Albion for the sister island, that by the force of example they might be the forerunners of other colonists, natives of France like themselves. "Now," says the friendly satirist, " one may be constant without being uncivil. We have accepted the presents but have held firmly by our integrity. And howsoever strong the temptation presented to us by my Lord Gallway, expatiating on the attractions of Dublin, the plentiful crops, and the exellence of the fish, we shall not set the refugees the example of settling in that kingdom." Lord Galway himself, although now an Irish peer and proprietor, could not yet be described as a settler. Though nominally the military commander in Ireland, such was the value set upon his services, that for a year or more he was kept in constant motion both by sea and land, and during this interval he was despatched to Savoy and Italy on diplomatic and military missions. The government of Ireland, for about thirty years after i688, was sometimes confided to a Viceroy, called the Lord Deputy or Lord-Lieutenant, and sometimes to Lords-Justices. During the term of a Viceroy's office, there were Lords- Justices also, but these were only deputies during his temporary absence from Ireland, like the Lords-Justices of England appointed by William during his visits to Holland, or by the first two Georges during their prolonged absence abroad. The office of Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland was often dormant (the leading statesmen regarding it as a banishment), and a vice-regal board held sway, the Lords- St Evremond, tome ii. p. 633. 342 THE EARL OF GAL WA Y. Justices composing it being not a viceroy's deputies, but the king's. It was as one of a vice-regal board that Lord Galway was gazetted on February 6, i697, when it was an- nounced that " Lord Viscount Galway and John Methuen Esq., Lord Chancellor of Ireland, were constituted Lords- Justices of that kingdom." By this nomination the king rewarded at once the eminent services of Lord Galway both in the field and in many important negotiations, and of Mr. Methuen in the House of Commons. To Lord Galway Ireland was not a scene of banishment; in fact, it had since i692 been his head-quarters, and the home towards which his eye had often wandered. Detained at first by the exigencies of the campaign of 1693, he, by the casual- ties of war, had been 3uddenly required to go to Savoy and to undertake the temporary duties of an envoy extraordinary. As there is no official record of his appointment to command the forces in Ireland in I 697, it seems that the first commission had been kept in force, and that a deputy had been discharging his duties. The only difference in his military position was, that formerly he had the local rank of lieutenant-general ; but now, being a lieutenant-general in the army, he had the local rank of general. In June, 170I, Lord Galway arrived in London, and was succeded in the vice-royalty of Ireland by another notable turfite-Thomas, Lord Wharton. As to the remainder of Lord Galway's career, it must suffice to mention that he fulfilled several semi-official duties up to the death of William III. In the reign of Queen Anne he had command of the British contingent in Portugal in 1704 and 1705. The following and ensuing year he was at the head of our troops in Spain. In November, 17I0, he arrived in England from Brazil, was received by the queen, and " met with a very gracious reception." On the accession of George I. he and the Duke of Grafton were appointed Lords-Justices of Ireland. They arrived at Dublin, November I, 1715, where they "were received with the usual solemnities, and immediately applied themselves to the proper duties of that great office, and to set right the affairs of that great country, which they found in confusion enough." They were recalled December 13th, 17i6. 1G99.] 343 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [Boox XXI. This was the last appointment held by Lord Galway. On his return to England he retired to Stratton, in Hampshire, where he expired, on September 3, 1720, in the seventy-second year of his age, when the honours he enjoyed became extinct. JOHN METIIUEN, whom we find attending the Curragh races with the Lord-Lieutenant during the September meet- ing of 1699, filled the high office of Lord Chancellor of Ireland from i697 to I701. He was the eldest son of Mr. Methuen, of Bishop's Canning, Wilts, and destined for the legal pro- fession. Having kept the usual terms he was called to the bar. After several years of moderate practice, his talents were employed in the diplomatic service, and he was at one time despatched to Portugal as envoy by William III. He was greatly esteemed for his prudence, tact, and general information; so much so, that when Sir Charles Porter, Lord Chancellor, died suddenly in 1696, the high character of the Portuguese envoy, then in London, at once recommended him as a fit and proper person to hold the great seal of Ireland. The Lord Chancellor, as Speaker of the House of Lords, had to open and engross Bills sent up by the House of Commons; and one of the earliest duties of this nature that received his attention was to pass an Act similar in effect to the English statute whereby Papists were prohibited to keep horses exceeding 5 in value, which necessarily excluded many notable Irish sportsmen from participating in the pleasures of the turf. Another Act was passed to prevent Papists becoming solicitors, and one against gaming.' When an opportunity presented itself in 1701, Lord Chan- cellor Methuen resigned the great seal of Ireland to his veteran successor, Sir Richard Cox, and resumed his former functions as the representative of William III. at the court of Lisbon, when and where he was responsible for the Treaty- which bears his name. This Methuen Treaty was so distaste- ful to the Portuguese, that it is said, when it was carried to King Pedro II. for his signature, he vigorously set to and kicked it about the room. It is likewise related, the ambas- Similar to the i6 Car. II. Cap. 7 (see Post, p. 373). 344 LORD CHANCELLOR METHUEN. sador himself was so little pleased with his own work, that he privately advised Queen Anne not to ratify it. The ambassador died at his post in Lisbon in I 7o6. The family has since been ennobled, and is now represented by Frederick Henry Paul Methuen, Baron Methuen, of Corsham, Wiltshire. tioCT_ . C04f' Facsimile (reduced) Extract from the Accounts of Henry, Viscount Brouncker, Cofferer and Keeper of the Great Wardrobe of the Household.-Exchequer, Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer, series I., box E, bundle No. 115, MS., P. R. 0. (sec ante, p. 13). 1699.] 345 BOOK XXII. THOROUGHBRED STUDS IN ENGLAND FROM THE RESTORA- TION TO THE END OF THE XVII. CENTURY. The royal stud in the reign of Charles II.-The old English blood- Restoration of Tutbury strains-"-Royal mares '-Importation of Arabs by Charles II.-The royal studs at Newmarket, Audley End, and Hampton Court-The Duke of Newcastle resumes breeding- Heavy expenses attending his stud and stables-The Duke of Or- mond's stud-Proves a failure-Its management under Lord Arran- Crossing-Spanish and Arabian stallions-English mares-Gallo- ways-Difficulties in obtaining Eastern sires-Ormond's desire to obtain stallions from the royal stud-The management of the duke's stud transferred to Sir William Fowler-More Arab blood added - Procedure at the stud - Enumeration of the stallions- Flemish mares, and other horses sent to Ireland for the duke's stud-Arrival of a draft of fine Arabian horses in London-Ringed in St. James's Park in the presence of Charles I I. and several notable horse-coursers-From 500 to 200 guineas given for some of these horses -The Earl of Shaftesbury's stud-Offered for sale in i68i-The catalogue and prices Lord Conway's, Lord Hatton's, and other studs at this period-Veterinary science-Professional advertisements- Incidents - Popularity of Dutch coach-horses in London in the reign of Charles II.-Arab horses frequently stolen-Examples- List of the fashionable stallions in England in the time of James II. -The royal stud in the reign of William III.-The Duke of Nassau appointed Master of the Horse-Heavy expenses of the department-His salary, emoluments, and duties-Subordinate officers-The trainer and master of the stud-The King's "private " studs at Newmarket and Hampton Court-Importation of Arab horses by William III.-Cost attending the purchase and shipment of the drafts-Ulterior proceedings thereon-The master of the stud -Arrears of salary due to him-The poor exchequer-Lottery to HORSE-BREEDING. defray the costs of the royal stables-Presents of English race- horses from William III. to foreign monarchs-Louis XIV. and the Earl of Portland-Gaming, and legislation on betting-. Additions and corrections. To begin with the Duke of Newcastle's stud after the Restoration, "Mad Madge" tells us that "the setting up a Race or Breed of Horses. as Charles II. he had before the Warrs," involved him Horses. in considerable expense, " for which purpose he hath bought the best Mares he could get for money." Again: "My Lord having since his Return from his Banishment, set up a Race of Horses, instead of those he lost by the Warrs, uses often to ride through his Park to see his Breed. One time it chanced when he went through it that he espied some labouring-men sawing of Woods that were blown down by the Wind, for some particular uses; at which my Lord turning to his Attendants said, That he had been at that Work a great part of his life. They not knowing what my Lord meant, but thinking he jested; I speak very seriously (added he) not in jest; for you see that this Tree which is blown down with the Wind, although it was sound and strong, yet it could not withstand its force; and now it is down, it must be cut to pieces wherefore some will serve for Building, some for Paling, some for Firing, etc. In the like manner, said he, I have been cut down by the Lady Fortune; and being not able to resist so Powerfull a Princess I have been forced to make the best use of my misfortunes, as the Chips of my Estate."-" Maxims," lxxxi. The duke's penchant for the manage and horse- 1664.] 347 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XXII. breeding in all its phases continued to be manifested with undiminished ardour even to his declining years. Thus Dr. Thoroton, in his " History of Nottingham- shire," very quaintly tells us that his Grace " is so great a Master of Horsemanship, that though he be above eighty years of age, he very constantly diverts himself with it still, insomuch that he is thought to have taken as great pleasure in beholding his great store of choice well-managed Horses (wherewith his fine stables are continually furnished) appear to exercise their gifts in his magnificent Riding-house, which he long since built there of brick, as in elder time anyone could take to see the religious performances of the Monks in the Quire of the Church of St. James, now utterly vanished." The Duke of Ormond was a prominent, though somewhat unsuccessful, breeder of thoroughbred stock during this era. It is probable he was too much engaged in public business to pay that attention to the subject that breeding requires, and accordingly he failed to obtain such fine horses as he expected. At length, but late in life, he handed over his breeding stud to his son, the Earl of Arran, in disgust at his own failure. However, all his care was not lost, as the fine blood of the Kilkenny horses is derived in some degree from the stallions Ormond introduced. The modus operandi employed by the duke appears to be that of putting galloway mares to Spanish, Arabian, and English thoroughbred sires. The following extracts from the Earl of Ossory's letters, who was at this time acting as Lord Deputy to his father, the Duke of 348 THE DUKE OF ORMOND'S STUD. Ormond, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and in attendance upon the king at Whitehall, gives some account of the duke's stables. " Dublin, July 2, i664. "I can give you an account of only two fillies that are fallen since your going away. The colts are well and very hopeful. Your Spanish horse is recovered and has covered those mares you appointed. Mr. Dodson tells me the park wall on the Phenix side will be done by Michaelmas. Some of the deer are broke out and to the mountain past recovery...... The following shows Ossory employed in looking for a stallion to be sent over to Kilkenny:- " Newmarket, 12 March, i665. "My journey hither was upon the account of getting you a stallion, as well as my duty in waiting on the King. Upon the first news of your setting forth from Ireland or arrival, I shall not fail to move as you direct. And for a horse I have offered I 10 guineas, which if not taken, I shall trust to Mr. Barton that served in Ireland, who has promised me his endeavours. Mr. Colt tells me my Lord Great Cham- berlain intends to present you with one; but I will not on those hopes omit any opportunity.... " The next shows Ossory nettled at Colonel Cooke for not estimating his horses at the value he set on them, and refusing to purchase them for his father, who had commissioned Colonel Cooke to buy for him in England. "Whitehall, 24 September, i667. "I have sprained my left arm by a fall I got this day a fox hunting. I offered Colonel Cooke a couple of horses 1667.1 349 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XXI. for you at a hundred pounds, hearing he has a commission to buy some for you. One cost me fifty pieces in gold, and is known to be one of the best hunters in town, but has not shapes for thirty. The other is a Spaniard of seven years old (for which I have offered four score), and an admirable hunter; for I have tried him at the chase of the stag. His objection to them is their leanness, being kept lean. If he bring you none, I will send you them at a venture. The controuller gives the King a supper imme- diately, and, I fear we shall have terrible doings "-in allusion, probably, to the night of dissipation to be expected. In another letter to the duke, dated October 26th, he again adverts to this subject: " If Colonel Cooke has not skill in horses, yet he ought to have it, being a commissioner in his reports. For it was neither of those I intended for you that gave me the fall, and the bargain I offered was more in order to your service than my own profit; for I have parted with my Spanish horse at the rate of threescore guineas, and will not take fifty for my gelding." In an account given by the Duchess of Ormond of her visit to Carrick Park in June, i668, she refers to the ducal stud kept there: " I had a sight also of five of your young coults, some three, some four years old; three fillies and two horse coults very hand- some in others' opinions as well as mine; otherwise, perhaps, you would no more believe them to be so than you do the wine to be good that I commend, my skill in both being much alike." Ormond was so anxious for sires to improve his breed, that he was ready to make an attempt on the king's stables, if he had been possessed of face enough to beg stallions from his Majesty. But being too proud or too modest, he endeavoured to engage an 350 7NEW MANAGEMENT. old comrade in arms, Sir Nicholas Armorer, if he found himself furnished with a good face for begging, to undertake the office. This letter, dated December 17, [667, runs as follows: "HONEST CLAUS, "Yours of the 23 of the last, writt in yo' hollyday hand, was given me some dayes after other letters of fresher date weare gotten over by the post The young man for his owne sake as well as his Captain shall have all the furtherance I can give him without warrant from the King, & if I could from the Secretary be told it would not displease his Matle my assistance might be more considerable. " I am in great want of a couple of good stallions. I would have them large & such as had been good, rather than finely shapt & noe experience had of them. If the King's stable can furnish me with such I could be content somebody would begg for me. If your face can bear the office. I doe not doubt of your dexterity. If any can be bought yo' neede the lesse expose or doe violence to your modesty. "Farewell good Claus, it yr " ORMONDE." Lord Ossory having taken up his abode in London, much to his mother's regret at his leaving Ireland, where he might live so nobly and preserve his father's interest and his own, whereas in London he would be in debt in six months if anybody would trust him, Ormond had now to employ some one else to look after his stud. For this purpose he engaged Sir He was one of the eight " Querries " of the king's hunting stable, and enjoyed a fee of 20, an allowance for diet of ioo yearly, besides lodging and two horse liveries.-Chamberlayne, "Anglize Notitia," 8th edit. p. 197. 1667.] 351 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. LBoom XXJI. William Fowler, and the following is the duke's first letter to him on the subject:- "Whitehall, 25 March, i668. iSr " You and I have not often corrisponded this way. I desire the Controuller and you would take a speciall care of my breed of horses, and this summer prepare for wintering of coults, without which no horse can be halfe what he would be. If there be any now coming five or four, I wish they may be kept in the house, and, if they are likely, sent over to race together with two or three summer nags, if they can be gotten, good and easy goers. "Your faithfull old friend & servant, " ORMONDE." The following month the duke addressed the following letter to Sir William Fowler: " On Monday next a groome will go hence with an Arabian horse for a stallion for this year, but he must cover only the strongest and largest mares. The Spanish horse I had from my Lord Dungannon getts (as I am told by one who knows him) no likely colts; yett he may serve to help the neigh- bourhood to mend the ordinary breed; as also my great 'Crop,' who should be well kept for that use. My Lord Glenally tells me some disease is gotten into my stable at Carrick, where the hopefullest colts and fillies are. I presume there has been so much care as to separate the sick from the sound. If 'Lindsey' be living, I wish he may cover at least two of my best mares; and that I had from Ned Vernon for one. My Lord Power will not refuse it. I would have (beside the young horses at Carrick and such others as you find fitt for transportation) the nag I bought from Hill-old 'Fairfax '- and the mare which was Tom Harman's, sent me over when my groome returns with another honest groome to help them 35' hither. The Spanish horse called 'Neale,' if my son Ossory will not have him, may likewise be sent, for I like him not for breed. This is all in addition to what I writt last." But at the end of near twenty years, Ormond, annoyed at his want of success, handed over all his stud to his son, Lord Arran. In a letter dated Ist May, i684, he thus writes to him:- " Whilst I can remember it, I am to tell you that I have bin so unlucky or so much cheated in the breeding of horses that I am resolved to be troubled no more with them if you will take them all,-stallions, colts, and mares." t Evelyn records that on the morning of December I 7, i684, he went to St. James's Park to see three Arabian horses which had just arrived from Ham- Chr II. burg, having been three weeks coming from 1684. Arabian that port to London. "I never beheld," Hores he says, "so delicate a creature as one of mprtd. them was, of somewhat of a bright bay, two white feet a blaze; such a head, eyes, ears, neck, breast, belly, haunches, legs, pasterns, and feet, in all regards, beau- tiful and proportioned to admiration; spirited, proud, nimble, making halt, turning with that swiftness, and in so small a compass, as was admirable. . . . They trotted like does as if they did not feel the ground. Five hundred guineas was demanded for the first; In June, 1669, Ormond obtained a pass to ship 40 horses, mares, and geldings, and six Flanders mares, and six ditto geldings.-State Papers, Dom., sub anno. t Transcripts of Carte Papers by C. W. Russell, D.D., and J. P. Pren- dergast.-XXII. Report Deputy Keeper Public Records, App. I. pp. X85-i87. VOL. III. 2 A 1684.] ARABS. 353 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XXII. 300 for the second, and 200 for the third, which was brown. It was judged by the spectators," he adds, "among whom was the King, Prince of Denmark, Duke of York, and several of the court, noble persons skilled in horses, that there never were seen any horses in these parts to be compared with them." On the 2nd of August, i 68 i, when a prisoner in the Tower, probably expecting never to see Dorsetshire chai. 3I. again, Anthony Ashley-Cooper, first Earl 1"I. of Shaftesbury, made up his mind to sell his stud, and gave instructions for the sale of the animals, at the subjoined reserved prices: " My bay stone horse, 7 years old, for ,o. My bay stone horse, 4 years old and past, 70. Two geldings, x30 each. A bay mare, 5 years old, i 5. For my two stone colts, 3 years old past, 6o each. For my four stone colts, 2 years old past, .40 each. For my stone colt, i year old past, .25. As for my breeding mares, I have proposed, if they will take four of the best together, they shall have them for 30 each, and the colts by their sides. And so I will sell any part of them apart, unless it be Bay Darcey, which, if they will have alone, I ask 40 for her and her colt. The great grey mare, that is five years old and hath no colt, I ask .30 for her singly. The old bay Spanish mare and her colt I will not take under 20 for. Bondich and her mare colt I will take 12 for. All these are horsed with my Arabian and so much the more valuable." Lord Conway was a notable breeder of thorough- bred horses during this period. His best known ' " Life of Shaftesbury," by W. D. Christie, vol. ii. p. 418. 354 1681.1 DUKE OF NEWCASTLE-LORD HATTON. sires were Abutt, Tangier, Buckingham, Gray Stroud, all of Arabian blood. Henry Cavendish, second Duke of Newcastle, inherited his father's predilection as a breeder of race- horses. In September, I682, he made Sir John Reresby a present of the " best mare and foal of his whole breed." Lord Hatton259 was also noted for his stud, as were several noblemen and gentlemen, too numerous to mention, in all parts of the country.t Veterinary science appears to have been in request about this time. M Christopher Hatton, 2nd Baron Hatton of Kirby, Northamptonshire, succeeded to the family honours and estates on the death of his father, Sir Christopher Hatton, ist Baron Hatton, in I670. This nobleman, like his father, was governor of Guernsey, and while in that government had one of the most singular escapes from death probably upon record. During his residence at Cornet Castle, the magazine of powder caught fire at midnight by lightning, and his Lord- ship, while sleeping in his bed, was blown out of the window, and remained for some time struggling on the ramparts, without sustaining any injury. His lady, and several of her female attendants, perished, but one of his children, an infant, was found the next day alive, sleeping in its cradle, under a beam. His Lordship was advanced, in I682, to the dignity of Viscount Hatton of Gretton, Northamptonshire. He died in 1706, and was succeeded by his eldest son. The family William Gale writes to Lord Hatton in 1684: " His cousin (through illness) is parting with all his horses; if his Lordship has not left off breeding, he has a colt by one of the finest Turkish mares in England, who was got by Lord Shaftesbury's Turk out of Tregonwell's famous mare Snorting Bess. He would have run her against any mare or gelding at Newmarket at 12 stone, had she not put out a blood spavin." t See advertisements of stolen thoroughbred horses, pp. 357-359. 355 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XXII. honours are now merged in the earldoms of Winchelsea and Nottingham. " Advertisement. At Mr. Samuel Staynes Druggist at the Red Lyon in Bucklersbury, all Gentlemen, Jockeys, and others, may be furnished with all sorts of Purgings, Scourings, and Sweatings for Running Horses and Hunters, with the Ingredients for Colds and Coughs, as also fit Boxes, Scales, and Weights, whereby they may proportion their own Quan- tities."-The " London Gazette," August -P., i683, No. i850. In May, I685, a warrant was issued on the Exchequer for payment of L I 1,197 6s. 8d. to Henry Griffith, Esq., late acting Master of the Horse under the Duke of Grafton, for diverse uses relating to the stables in the time of the late Commissioners for executing the office of Master of the Horse to his late Majesty, to be applied by him to those uses by their directions Matching horses against time was occasionally indulged in at this period. M. de Moncony relates that Mr. Jermyn, a nephew of Lord St. Albans, won a match by riding a little black horse eighteen miles in fifty-five minutes. He gives other instances of this sort of sport which call for no comment.: " Cambridge, March 12. Mr. Samuel Staines of Bucklers-bury, London, Druggist in Ordinary to his Majesty, having been indicted by Mr. 7eremy Mann for Trespass and Assault, by him supposed to be com- mitted upon him the said Mann on Newnarket-Heath, the 29th of September last, with intent to rob him, the same came to be tried before Mr. Justice Wyndham at the Assizes for this County, and the said Staines, upon full evidence of his being in London at the time, and of the Honesty and Integrity of his Life and Conversation by very many Persons of Quality and Credit, was acquitted."-The "London Gazette,' March +, 1683-4, No. 1912 t Privy Seal, May, j685, P. R. 0. t " Journales des Voyages," Paris, 1677, 8vo. 356 HORSE-STEALERS. Dutch coach-horses appear to have become fashionable and expensive luxuries at the court of St. James's towards the close of the reign of Charles II. The Countess of Sunderland writes as follows to her connection, H. E. tir Hon. Henry Sidney, from Althorpe, April 9, i680: " Now I come with another re- quest, which is that you will employ all your skill, and all your most knowing acquaintances' skill, for one pair of the finest, largest, grey coach-horses, the most dappled, the stateliest persons you can possibly get. Pray, Mr. Sidney, take care of this matter, for you cannot imagine how much you will oblige me in it. They are for ourselves, but pray don't let my Lord know of them till they are here. I will send you by Friday's post a bill of exchange for `ioo, which I imagine will do the business. If there should want a little more, let me know it. Let me hear when you come away, and pray let me have two very handsome, large, broad-backed beasts." t " Stolen out of a Stable of Ellis Mewe at Winchester a Bastard Barb of a light yellowish Bay; black Mane and Tayle; 3 white Feet, all close shorn; the near Foot before black; atread or hurt upon one of his hind heels; well fore- handed, and thin buttock'd; a Star in his forehead; large Ears, and a bout fourteen hands high. If any One shall give notice of the Horse above-mentioned to Ellis Mewe, or to Philitp Hall at the Maiden-head and Castle at Pickadilly, he shall be well rewarded for his peyns."-The " Intelligencer," February 29, i663[-64], No. 17, p. 142. " Two Barbary Mare Coults fourteen hands high, the one a blackish gray with a long white snip down the face, a very long neck, four white feet, and rung, The other Charle la. a sorrel with a bald face, a long neck, four white 1661. The Duke of Newcastle, in the second edition of his book on Horses, says that when he was residing at Antwerp a large business was done by the Dutch with France, where most of their coach-horses were sold. t In a subsequent letter she requests His Excellency to send her some wax candles, four to the lb., all sorts of ducks and wildfowl " done up in bran," and eggs " of all sorts " to breed from. C. 1661.] 3;7 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XXII. feet and rung: These Colts are stolen from grass near Reading in Berkshire, about six weeks agoe: If any man can bring true tidings of them, to William Sadlir, Reading Stage Coachman, either in the Ship in Reading, or the Red Lion in Fleet Street in London, they shall have forty Shillings for their pains."-The " Kingdoms Intelligence," December S, i66i, No. 50, p. 753. Among the presents received by Charles II. from the special embassy from Russia, at Whitehall, January, 1662, Persian horses are mentioned.-Ibid., De , i662, No. t, Jan. 5 pp. 14, 15. "Stolen on the 7 of May i662 from Clareton Scroope in Lincolnshire, from one Captain Thomas Pechell in Nor- mington, one bright bay stone barb of three years old, four- teen hands high with a long tail and main, and some white hairs in his fore head, occasioned by makeing of a star, worth thirty pound: If any one can give certain intelligence where he is, Mr. Samuel More living at Mr. Primats at the three bucks in Fleetstreet, or to Mr. Pechell at Normington aforesaid, they shall have fourty shillings for their pains and their charges born."-The " Kingdoms Intelligence," May 12, I662, No. 10, p. 3I2. " Lost out of Whitacre Church-Yard in Warwicksliire a fortnight since, a Barbary Mare, 14 hands high, having a star in her forehead, a list down her back, a smooth pace, a flip on her nose, being 4 years old. Whosoever can give notice to Master Walter Bolt at the sign of the Hand at the West-end of St. Pauls, London, or to Mr. Collier Minister of Whiteacre aforesaid, shall be well rewarded for the same."-Ibid., No. 21. " Lost out of Sir John Cutts his Stable in Childersley in the County of Cambridge, March 20, .i66o[-6i] two 11 Geldings, one roan Gelding with a Star on the forehead, and a splent on the near leg, close to the knee, about fifteen hands high, and about seven years old. The other a Chestnut Gelding with a blaze down his face, and a white foot behind; fresh branded with a great 3;8 FASHIONABLE STALLIONS. Delta A. upon the near shoulder, a piece cut out of each ear, near fifteen hand high, five years old. He that shall bring tidings of either of them to Childersley aforesaid, or to Sir John Cutts his house in Lincoln-Inn fields near Turnstile London, shall have for each 40s."-The " Kingdoms Intel- ligence," May a, i66i, No. 20. " The racing stallions most in vogue, during these two reigns were-The Helmsley Turk, the property of the Duke of Buckingham, and sire of Bustler, and various other racing stock. Dodsworth, a Barb foaled in C Jae U England, his dam a royal imported mare, which mare bred Vixen by the Helmsley Turk. The Taffolet Barb. The White-legged Lowther Barb. The Strandling or Lister Turk, brought into England by the Duke of Berwick, from the siege of Buda, in the reign of James II. He was the sire of Snake, Brisk, Piping-peg, Coneyskins, &c."- Lawrence, " History and Delineation of the Horse," London, I 809, p. 103. The Duke of Nassau was appointed Master of the Horse to William and Mary at a salary of 1200 per annum, besides an annual allowance of 5876 7s. 6d.t Chamberlayne's " Ang. Not.," London, 1692, p. 139. Henry of Nassau, Lord of Auverquerque, brother of Odyke (first nobleman of Zealand, famous for his embassies) and of the Earl of Grantham. His father was Lewis of Nassau, natural son of Maurice, Count de Nassau, and Madame de Mechlin. Auverquerque was King William's Captain of the Guard when Prince of Orange, and Master of the Horse to him and Queen Mary at this time. He died in 1708. t This sum was sometimes considerably exceeded. In 1698 he was ordered to receive zo,ooo to be applied for and towards defraying the extraordinary expense of the stables (March i i, 9 William III.); and on February 29th, i, a similar warrant was issued on the Treasury to pay him ioooo.-Auditors' Privy Seal Book, No. 2I, MS., P. R. 0. In the Cofferer's Account for the year ended October, i693, 16,142 14S. 34d. was paid for stable expenses; and for the year ended October, i679, 16,760 12s. 4d. was paid by the Earl of Bradford under the same head. -L. T. R., Wardrobe Accs., Accs. of Francis, Earl of Bradford, Cofferer, Series i. Box E, Nos. 128-132. (Ibid.) 1661.1 359 THE HIIS TORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XXII. " WILLIAM and MARY by the Grace of God King and Queene of England Scotland France and Ireland Defenders wuam m of the Faith &t. To the Commission"' of Our 1689. Tre'ary now being and to the Treasur8 and Under- The haster of Treasur8 of Our Exchequer or Com'ission's of Our the Horse. Trea'ary for the time being Greeting OUR WILL and pleasure and Wee doe hereby direct Authorise and Com'and that out of any Our Treasure from time to time being and remaining in the Recept of Our Exchqr not appro- priated to particular uses by Act of Parliament you issue and pay or Cause to be issued and paid unto Our Trusty and Welbeloved Henry de Nassau the Master of Our Horse now being, and to the Master of or Horse for the Time being or to his Assignes the Yearely sume of Five thousand Eight Hundred Seaventy six pounds seaven Shillings and six pence without Accompt Imprest or other Charge, The first Yearely sume to be paid by way of Advance and by such propor'cons at a Time, as the Com'issionTm of Our Treasury now being or Our High Treasurer or Com'issiont" of our Treasury now being or our High Treasurer or Com'issonrs of Our Treasury for the Time being shall direct for the yeare Commenceing at the First of January last and ending the first of January next, And the said Yearely sume is to continue so to be advanced or paid yearely during our pleasure which said yearely sume of Five thousand eight Hundred seventy six pounds, seven shillings and six pence is intended to be laid out by the said Master of Our Horse now or for the time being for the Uses Following, vizt for providing all manner of Saddles, Hoosings, Holter Capps and other particulars for Our own use and Equipage And for the Master of our Horse all sorts of Saddles, Bridles, Horse Cloaths, Harness Raines and all other necessaries for our Coursers, Hunters, Padds, Coach Horses and bottle Horses &c., And for a Store for our Saddles, Office for payment of diverse Tradesmen for all manner of daily repara'cons of our Coaches and Harness, For providing of Livery cloaths for all Our Servants appointed to weare Liverys, Hireing of Stage Coach-horses and payment of all other Contingent 360 9THE ROYAL STUD. Charges relating to the Constant Expence of our Stables according to an Estimate thereof r'sented to and approved by Us under Our Royall signe Manuall, and these our Letters shall be your sufficient Warrant and Discharge in this behalfe, Given under our privy Seale at Our Palace of Westrii the two and Twentieth day of Augt in the first yeare of Our Reigne."" Attached to the office of the Master of the Horse were some minor but important officials, in connection with the royal stud. Of these Frampton was the most important. It is hard to say what his precise duties were at this particular date, as he does not appear to have had the sole control of the royal racing establishment until a somewhat later period. It may perhaps be correct to dub him simply "trainer" of the king's race-horses at this time. Thomas Pullen, who had a salary of 200 a year, is mentioned in I 698 as ex-Master of the Stud, a post he probably held under James I I. It seems he was succeeded by Richard Marshall, but his functions did not extend beyond the control of the king's private stud. This was augmented by William III. in i699 by the ad- dition of the fourteen famous Arabs bought by order of the king, and brought by Marshall from Arabia to Newmarkett at a cost of 6i 103 I 3s. 4d., as appears from the subjoined transcripts of the documents relating to this important transaction. Pells, Inrolments, No. 22, fo. i ii. d, MS., P. R. 0. t The royal stud was soon after removed to Hampton Court. Philip Riley, Esq., surveyor of his Majesty's woods south of Trent, received 48o "for the charge of making conveniencies for H.M. breeding mares, colts, and stallions in Hampton Court Home Park." He also received 271 4s. " for watering Hyde Park for the years 1698 and 1699."-Civil List Books, s. d., MS., P. R. 0. 1689.] 36t THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XXII. The following extracts from the accounts of the Duke of Nassau, Master of the Horse, relate to the expenses attending Wiliam the Arabian horses purchased by Mr. Marshall Willim l "in Barbary" : The Kings Gratuity to Mr Marshall the person sent into Barbary to buy Horses for his Maties service . . . CC" For a box of Medicines, a Case of Cordiall waters, two Hunting Saddles, & other necessaries to carry with him... v.. x.j'. First cost of nine Barbary horses and fiue Mares, at C different rates . . . iiijlxxvj" viije vj4. Horse-hire and other travelling charges and expences to the persons employed at Tripoly, Tunfis, & at ye Deys Camp, to find out and purchase the said Horses ... .lv. For Timber and boards for making Stalls for ye said Horses on ship board . . . iiij". xv'. For Barley, Straw, Collers, Curry-Combs, Brushes & other necessaries for ye said Horses on Ship-board . . . lvj" Xvjz jd. Lost by making good the weight of the Dollars received, to be equall to weighty Peru Dollars. .. x11 xxjd. Paid for the Customes and other charges in landing ye said Horses at Portsmouth.. . xxij1i xv8. Charge of feeding and bringing ye said xiiijn Horses bought (& one other Vrsented to his Matie) between Ports- mouth and Kensington, and for ye hire & travelling charges, of ye persons yt led them up . . . xx' iiij'. The cost of his Maties Livery for a Groome ... xxx". To M' Marshall for the extraordinary charge of himselfe and Servt8 employed xvijn months in this service between ye first of June i698 & last of October i699. .. CCxxU. In all for the cost & charge of ye said Horses, bought for his Maties service in Barbary, as by a particuler Acco' thereof made up signed & sworne to, by ye said Mr Marshall, and sundry Acquittances appeares .... M'CiijI Xiijs iiijd. Abstract of a re from mr Secty Vernon Dated the z6 of August 98. A.O.R., D.C., Acc. M.H., Bundle i445, Rot. i8. 362 ARABS IMPORTED BY WILLIAM III. Sr This will be Delivered you by mr Richard Marshall who is appointed to go with the Squadron under your Comand and to bring some Horses from Barbary for his Majestys Immediate Service, I Laid before his Majesty the Memorandum you putt into my hands on his behalfe, Whereupon his Majesty commanded mee to acquaint you with his Pleasure, that you furnish the said Mr Marshall with the Summ of Two hundred Pounds on Account of ye said Voyage, and further that you Supply him with such Summs as Shall be Necessary for buying the said Horses and what is So Disbursed, will be Allowed you on youre Account of Contingent Charges, for which his Majty will give such Directions as shall be Requisite. To Vice-Adm11 Alymer. Coppie GA: VERNON. M. AYLMER. For the furnishing mr Marshall with money both for him- self and Horses,was by a re from mr Secretary Vernon dated the i6 Augt 98 Dol- Augt ye i90 98. Paid mr Marshall1 before my Sayling from England 5 Aprill the 70 99. Paid mr marshall 729 51V8 t mexico, at 51P Ct comes r 4. to 40V & 4r which makes the 7694 whole 769 V 3r at 57' VV'. ) Aprill the 130 99 Paid mr Marshall ioo Ir mexico at 5 sr 4r Wch makes the whole 105 W 4r at 57" 105:4 June the 12 99 Paid mr Marshall 500 T' mexico at 8 PCt comes to 5 40 Y6 which makes the whole 540 540 Ip at 578 Ys, ) s. d. 200: 0: 0 182: 13 : 2 025 : I : 1 128: 5:0 = signed. Treasury Papers, vol. lxv. No. 32 (162), MS., P. R. 0. t Dollars = . Probably a mistake of the scribe. t In a duplicate account this payment was made in "Algiers Road." "At Algeirs." 1699.1 363 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XXII. Doll-. S. d. Augt the i 8 99. Paid mr Marshall woo r mexico at 8 'PCt comes ( to 8o rt' Wth makes the whole 0 256:1I:0 io8or at 57 V ) 729: 9: 3 -Treasury Papers, vol. lxv., No. 32a (i64). May it please Your Lordships Having by Your Lord-5 Command rused the annext accot of MT Richard Marshall of Moneys by him received & paid as well for his Journey & Voyage to & from Barbary, as for the Horses by him bought there for his Mats use & the charges relating thereunto, J do most humbly acquaint Your Lordships That as to the first part of his said Account to wit, of the money by him receivd amounting to 792" 95 31d J find by Inspecting the Accot of Adm` Aylmer who furnished him with it, by Order from Mr Secy Vernon, here & at Cadiz; that it agrees exactly with what the said Mr Aylmer hath charged as paid to him, And that the same hath since been repaid to the said Mr Aylmer by the Mar of the Horse to his Maty, who hath a particular privy Seal for 2500" 1 ann upon Accot for Buying of Horses. As to the other part, to wit, his Discharge or Expences he produces Vouchers for most part thereof (where Vouchers can reasonably be expected) except for two Articles One of 200' paid him by Mr Aylmer here before his Setting out which he calls his Mats Bounty to him, and says was for Equipping of him for his Voyage & gives no farther accol of it: The other is for 200" which he puts down for the extraordinary charges at Sea and Land of himself and Servants from the first of June i698 to the 28th of October i699 being almost 17 months, the rest is for the price of thirteen horses & mares and the charge of keeping them (& one other Horse brought over with them as a present to his Majesty) from the time he "At Tunnis." 364 PROCEEDINGS THEREON. brought them to the time they were delivered to the Master of the Horse or otherwise as his Maty directed, which makes the whole of his Expence to amount to io8 I1 II 31d and leaves a Ballance to him of 289k 28 o0 . But whether Mr Marshall went wholy upon the Kings Account, or whether all the said Horses were brought over by him and delivered to his Mal Use is a matter not known to me, and seems most proper for the Examinacon of the Master of the Horse, your Lo'" I beleeve not having been acquainted we" the Kings Comand before Mr Marshall went to Barbary, for Mr Aylmer furnished him w'h aforesaid 792" 98 3 1d on a Significacon of his Mats pleasure from Mr Secy Vernon. So that upon the whole J do most humbly conceive he should apply to the Master of the Horse who is the best Judge of the first price & charge of keeping and Jmporting the said horses and he having paid Mr Aylmer one part of this Accot may fitly receive the Kings pleasure as to the rest and par- ticularly as to the said 2 Articles and the rather for that he (if allowed) is to pay the same out of the money which shall be Jmprested to him on the aforesaid Letters of Privy Seal. All we' is most humbly Submitted to your LoIP great Wisdome. Jo: TAYLOUR 29th Janry 1700. Report to Lord Godolphin, by Charles Wilson on the claims of Richard Marshall for arrears due to him [Au, 1707] at the death of William III. oyal Stu. May it please Your Lord'p. . 169. Your Lord'p. on reading Mr. Marshalls Petition for the sumie of 256'i, which he thereby alledges to be due to him for a Year and a Quae Sallary as his late Mats Stud-master, was pleased to Order his pretences to be Examined, to the end Your Lord'p might see, how the said Demand was grounded, I take leave therefore humbly to acquaint Your Lordp- That by vertue of a Warrant under his said late Mat' Treasury Papers, vol. lxxii., No. 30 (121). 1699.] 365 3THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XXII. Royall Signe Manuall dated the first of July 1700 Mr Marshall was Sworne and Admitted Studd-Master to the Private Studd, so called I suppose because the Office of Master of the Studd, was then in Grant to Mr Pulleyn, at the Sallary of 200'1 Ann Payable at the Exchequer by vertue of Letters Patents in that behalfe; Which his said late Maty did not think fit to Revoke. That Monsr Auverquer, the then Master of the Horse (and to whom the said Warrant was directed) was thereby required to Pay to the said Mr Marshall the Sume Of 2CO'l V ann half Yearly reckoning the first half years payment to be due the Ist of July 1700 and to place the same to Account of the Extraordinary Expence of the stables, Which said Yearly sume is menconed to be for Wages, Board Wages, and in lieu of all or any Other Allowances in the said Service, for him the said Mr Marshall whatsoever- That one Year has been paid on the said Sallary to the first of January 1700 According to Mr Jollyvets Certificate in that behalfe, By all which it appeares, that the said Mr Marshalls demand as to 200' part of the said 2501' is well grounded, being for two half Yearly Payments incurred between the ill January 1700 & 'll Janry 170i But as to the remaining 50"' V ann being Computed by the day Shall amount unto, for the Intermediate days between the first of January 170I And the 8th of March following, the day of his said late Mats death, Which is 36"i 14z 3d or thereabouts- All which is most humbly Submitted to Your Lordp's great Wisdome. CHA- WILSON. 17 May 1707. Endorsed by Godolphin " There are no Arrears out of wch this may be paid. i61b Septr 1707. ioo" Ordered in sVt but soe to be paid in such manner as not to bring applicacons upon my Lord for other Ex' Allowances in Arre on ye Extrys. of His late M' Stables."-Treasury Papers, vol. cii., No. 23 (77-78), MS., P. R. 0. 366 1698.] EXPENSES OF THE MASTER OF THE HORSE. 367 To Henry Dr Nassau Seignr D'Auverquer, Mar of the horse to his Maty for the Severall Services follow- 1700. ing-Viz. On the Yearly Allowances of 5876. 7. 6 for the Liverys & other Empcons of the Stables s. d. whereof 6505. 2. 6 in full of the said allow- 7305 2 6 ances to ill JanY i699 and 8o0' im'pst for the year commencing them . . . J On the Yearly Allowance of 25oo01 for', buying horses whereof 792. 9. 31 for Adm" Aylmer for so much advanced by him to 1992 9 31- M' Marshall for buying horses in Barbary ) On accot for defraying the Extraordinary Expence of the Stables whereof 600" for transporting his Maty horses to Holland & 200 -9494 17 6 for the Expence of horsehire Waggons, & other charges there . . . 1I8,792 9 31t -Civil List Books, M.S., P. R. 0. To the Right HonbIe the Lords Comr' of William M. his Matl` Treasury. 1698. The humble Petition of Thomas Pullein Esq. Sheweth. That your Petitioner hath had the Honour to serve his Majesty, as Master of the Studds for several Years past; Upon accompt of which service there is due to Your Peticoner, upon his Fee of Two hundred pounds per Annum, the Sume of Eight hundred and Fifty pounds, for Foure yeares and a Quarter ending at Midsum I698. As by a Certificate annexed from the Auditor of the Receipt of his Mati" Exchqr hereto annexed may appear. Your Peticoner therefore most humbly Prays your Lord'ps Order to the Officers of the Receipt of Excheqr direct- ing the Paymt of the said Eight hundred & fifty pounds due to Your Pett as aforesd And (as in duty bound) he shall Pray &e. THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XXII. Endorsed, " Peticon of Tho: Pullein Esqr praying paymt of 85o'i due to him at Midst last on his Salary of 200z V Ann as Mar of the Studds. Recd 30th July 98. Read 8br I698. Putt this amongst ye bts papers. my Lord will speak to ye K abt this place Read 12 Jan 98." [In 1701 he received out of the Exchequer .200 for one years salary due Michaelmas, I699.-Civil List Book, sub anno.] A List of the Lottery ten-pounds Ticketts Remaining still to pay of the Sume of Five thousand seven hundred August & eighty pounds lately directed by their LordP- towards the Expences of His MajtYs stables. io Ticketts. Num' 30 M I41 to the No 30 M I64 24 9I M I ito the NO 9I M 50 40 93M 301 totheNO93M 350 50 "14 140"' 0 0 E. JOLLYVET.t The Earl of Portland, ambassador at Paris, pre- sented Louis XIV. with nine English racehorses wrni. Mi. (The " Post Boy," No. 485), which his 185. Most Christian Majesty graciously accepted, 1701. and bestowed, in reciprocation, upon his Excellency, his miniature, set in diamonds, which is still preserved at WVelbeck Abbey. King William also sent a present of twenty-two mares to the King Treasury Papers, vol. lv., No. i6, MS., P. R. 0. t Ibid., vol. xlvii., No. 21 (70). 368 ROYAL PRESENTS. of Sweden which were purchased from the Earl of Macclesfield, and cost 676 i6s. Further presents of English racehorses were made, from time to time, by Vyilliam III., to the King of Prussia, the King of the Romans, the Grand Dukes of Tuscany and Florence, and other foreign potentates. The Earl of Portland, in a letter to William III. from Paris, April 20, I698, tells his Majesty that the French king gave him a barb, " which the Algerines made him (Louis XIV.) a present of." His Excellency describes this horse as " handsome, tall, young, one of the strongest I ever had, and excellent for breeding." t The following are enumerated among the horses purchased by the Master of the Horse for William I I I. from i693 to i699:-To Sir John Lowther 193 for a grey horse, I07 IOs.; Mr. Felton for a grey horse, i iO; Mr. Pulleine for two horses, 220; Mr. Taylor for a stone-horse, 90; Mr. Graham for a bay gelding, 55 IOS. 2d., etc. To Lord Cavendish for a grey gelding, 90; Mr. Dormer for a chestnut horse, iio; Lord Stamford for a horse, 88; Sir John Parsons for two horses, 120, etc. To Lord Cholmondley for a grey horse, i87 'os.; Lord Scarsdale for a brown horse, i oo; Lord Godolphin for a chestnut horse, A.O.R., D.C., Accounts of the Masters of the Horse, Bundle i445, Rot. 19, MS., P. R. 0. t " Letters of William III. and Louis XIV.." by P. Grimbolt, vol. i. P- 398. VOL. I1I. 2 B 1695.] 369 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XXII. 87 'Os.; Sir John Lowther for a horse, 107 IOs.; Mr. Paul Foley for a grey horse, ioo; Mr. Pulleine for a chestnut horse, i5o; Mr. Overbury for a grey horse, 150; Mr. Ireton for a horse called Spanke, ioo; Sir Henry Johnson for a chestnut and a grey horse, i62 ios.; Sir Richard Franklyn for a horse, 8o ios. ; Mr. Ryder for a chestnut horse, 8o; Mr. Frampton and Mr. Popham for a grey and a chestnut horse, I4, etc. To Colonel Webb for two young horses, 200; Lord Wharton for a horse, I 50; Mr. Ireton for 16f6. a chestnut horse named Careless, i 5o; Mr. Pulleine for two horses, 200; Sir John Parsons for a brown horse, 8o; Mr. Andrews for a white stoned horse, 9i iOS.; Mr. Frampton for a " dunish " horse, 50, etc. To Mr. Ryder for a grey horse, X50; the Duke of Ormond for a grey horse, 78 2S..; Mr. Frampton 1697 for three horses, 300; Mr. Pulleine for two horses bought of him in the north, and for charges in bringing them up, 227, etc. " For the expences of three Servants of the Lantgrave of Hesse who brought a Sett of Tygre Horses for the King and for a C ducats given C the said Servants. . . . vlv.gild- ii"'"'."-k. R., D.C., Bundle 1445, Rot. 17, MS., P. R. 0. " Liveries for the Muletiers & Helpers in his Mal"' Stables in England, vzS To Francis Wooley for xvij- & a half of Gold Arras Lace for ye Captain of ye Muletiers at vj' 'P' oz. . . . v" v5. Thomas Mervin for C vijxv' yards of Serge for ye Muletiers, Helpers and Waggoners . lxxij" ix' xd. James Deslauriers for making the Liveries . . . lxxvjl' ve. C Mr. John Deacle for iiijlxij yards of Cloth of sev" sortts for ye said xx Liveries CCiijxvj" v'. John Smyth for Buttons . . . xxij'; xvij'. In all C by their Bills & Acquittens appears . . . iiijlxxiiij" xxijd.'-Ibid., Rot. 17. 370 HORSES BOUGHT BY WILLIAM III. To Lord Carlisle for a grey horse, I65; Sir Francis Mollineux for a grey stoned horses L' io; Mr. Dormer for a grey horse, LI Io; Mr. Pulleine for a dun stoned horse, ,I io; Mr. Frampton for a grey named Mackarell, Lioo; Mr. Bur- nett for a grey named Spott, I oo; Colonel Humes for a bay stoned horse, 88; Mr. Pulleine for a grey horse, 66, etc. To Lord Cholmondley for a horse, IO7 sO.; Mr. Pulleine for three horses, 332 ios.; Mr. Peirson for a bay stone horse, 90; 1. Mr. Frampton for two horses, one named Crickett and the other Bruce, 107 Ios.; Lord Godolphin for a horse, 86; Lord Raby for a horse, 64 ios.; Mr. Pulleine for two colts, 2I5; Sir Scroop How for a grey horse, 6102 2S. 6d.; Mr. Frampton for a horse, LIX20; Mr. Webb for a bay horse, 64 iOS.; Mr. Pulleine for two horses, a chestnut and a bay, 1I82 15s. ; Mr. Marshall for six horses bought in the north, I38 I2S. ; Mr. Holland for a bay stone horse, 96 I5s. CHIEF JUSTICE HALE discountenanced BETTING AND GAMBLING, SO prevalent at the time. A case having come before him relative to money lost on a horse-race, he is said to have allowed the defendant, the loser, to put off the cause from time to time by perpetual imparlances. Evelyn writes, under date January 8, i678, " I saw deep and prodigious gaming at the Groom Porter's, A.O.R., D.C., Accounts of the Duke of Nassau, Master of the Horse, Bundle 4,45, Rot. i8 (passim), MS., P.R.O. 1699.3 371 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XXIa. vast heaps of gold squandered away in a vain and profuse manner. This I looked upon," he adds, "as a horrid vice, and unsuitable in a Christian Court." An intellectual correspondence between Samuel Pepys and Sir Isaac Newton on the doctrine of chances in throwing dice is a curious mathematical problem, and worth consulting by any one interested in the subject, as emanating from that eminent philosopher. The Duchess de Mazarin and Lady Castlemaine kept gambling houses which were recognized as adjuncts of the court and indirectly supported by grants of public money. In a quaint tract, printed in I669, entitled the "Nicker Nicked," we read of the excesses of gamblers in London at this period. The sharps described by Green in the reign of Elizabeth were still to the fore; their slang much the same, their devices nearly similar. " Of these rooks, some will be very impor- tunate to borrow money of you, without any intention of repaying, or to go with you seven to twelve, half a crown, and take it ill if they are refused; others watch, if, when you are anxious at game, your sword hang loose, and lift that away; others will not scruple, if they espy an opportunity, directly to pick your pocket; yet, if all fail, some will nim off the gold buttons of your cloak, or steal the cloak itself, if it The functions of the Groom Porter applied to all the royal residences. He had "the oversight and care of all the common Billyard Tables, Bowling Grounds, Diceing houses, Gameing houses and Common Tennis Courts and the power of Lycenseing the same for the better regulation thereof."-S. P., Dom., Car. II., Bundle 407, No. 302. He had, also, to decide disputes in betting, gaming, etc.-Chamberlayne. 372 lie loose; others will throw at a sum of money with a 'dry fist,' as they call it; that is, if they nick you it is theres; if they loose, they owe you so much, with many other gullets; or if you chance to nick them, it is odds they wait your coming out at night, and beat you, as one Cock was served in June, I664." Our authority adverts to the infatuation gaming had over some of his contemporaries, and instances a case where two gentlemen who were blind played at hazard by ear and deputy. Loaded dice appear to have been in great demand. These were made at Fulham, and were known as " high or low Fulhams," the former being numbered 4, 5, and 6. Among the many ruined by play he mentions Sir Arthur Smithouse, who in a few years lost "a fair estate" and died in great want and penury. Sir Humphrey Foster " had lost the greatest part of his estate, and then (playing, as it is said, for a dead horse) did, by happy fortune, recover it again; then gave over and wisely too." Others, less fortunate, play on and on, until all is gone, and then they are lucky if enabled to emigrate to a foreign plantation to begin a new world with the sweat of their brow. "For that is commonly the destiny of a decayed gamester, either to go to some foreign plantation, or to be preferred to the dignity of a boxkeeper." "AN ACT against deceitfull disorderly and charlesIL excessive Gaming. i6 Caroli II. c. 7. 16. "WHEREAS all lawfull Games and Exercises should not be otherwise used than as innocent and moderate Recrea- tions and not as constant Trades or Callings to gaine a 1664.3 GAMING. 373 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [Boos XXII. liveing or make unlawfull Advantage thereby. And Recital that whereas by the immoderate use of them many may Xis- mischeifes and inconveniencies doe arise and are efrso am dayly found to the maintaining and encouraging derate Use of of sundry idle loose and disorderly persons in Games. their dishonest lewd and dissolute course of life, And to the circumverting deceiving cousening and debauching of many of the younger sorts of the Nobility and Gentry and others, to the losse of their pretious time and the other [= utter] ruine of their Estates and Fortunes and withdrawing them from the noble and laudable Imployments and Exercises. Bee it (therefore) enacted by the Kings most Excellent Majestie and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Lords Spirituall and Temporall and the Commons in this present Parlyament assembled and by the Authoritie of the same, That if any person or persons of any Degree or Xoney won by Quality whatsoever at any time or times after the Deceit in Nine and twentyeth day of September which Gaming, shall be in the yeare of our Lord God One thousand six hundred sixty and fower doe or shall by any fraude shift cousanage circumvention deceit or unlawfull device or ill practise whatsoever in playing at or with Cards Dice Tables Tennis Bowles Kitles Shovelboard, or in or by Cockefightings Horse-races Dog-matches Foot-races or other [Horsa-ai ]Pastimes Game or Games whatsoever, or in or by bearing a share or part in the Stakes Wagers or [Adventurers] or in or by betting on the Sides or Hands of such as doe or shall play act ride or run as aforesaid win obtaine or acquire to him or to any other or others any Summe or Summes of Money or other valuable thing or things what- soever That then every person or persons soe offending as Penalqy aforesaid shall ipso facto forfeit and lose treble the summe or value of Moneyor other thing or things so won, gained obtained or acquired, The one moiety thereof to our Soveraigne Lord the King His Heirs and Successors, and the other moyetie thereof unto the person or persons greived or who shall lose Money or other thing or things soe gained, soe as every such loser and persons greived in that behalfe 374 1661.] LEGISLATION ON BETTING AND GAMING. 375 doe or shall prosecute and sue for the same within six Kal- ender Moneths [next] after such Play. And in defaulte of such prosecution the same other Moyetie to such person or persons shall or will prosecute or sue Action. for the same within one Yeare next after the said Six Months expired, And that the said Forfeitures shall or may be sued for or recovered by Action of Debt Bill Plaint or Information in any of his Majestyes Courts at Westminster wherein noe Essoyne Protection or Wager of Law shall be allowed, And that all and every such Plaintiffe or Plaintiffes Informer or Informers shall in every such Suite and Prosecu- tion haue and recover his and their treble Costs against the person offending and forfeiting as aforesaid Any Statute Custome or Usage to the contrary in any wise notwith- standing. " AND for the better avoiding and preventing of all excessive and immoderate playing and gameing for the time to come Bee it further ordained and enacted by Contracts and the Authoritie aforesaid, That if any person or apecties for persons shall at any time or times after the Nine Xoney won at persons Play, above and twentyeth day of September aforesaid play 100 at one at any of the said Games or any other Pastime tim-e void. Game or Games whatsoever (other than with and for ready money) or shall bett on the Sides or Hands of such as doe or shall play thereat and shall lose any summe or summes of moley or other thing or things soe plaid for exceeding the summe of One hundred pounds at any one time or meeting upon Ticket or Credit or otherwise and shall pay downe the same at the time when he or they shall lose the same The partie and parties who loseth or shall lose the said moneys or other thing or things soe paied or to be plaid for above the said summe of One hundred pounds shall in that case be bound or compelled or compellable to pay or make good the same but the Contract and Contracts for the same and for every part thereof and all and singular Judge- ments Statutes Recognizances Mortgages Conveyances Assur- ances Bonds Bills Specialytes Promises Covenants Agree- ments and other Acts Deeds and Securityes whatsoever THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. (BooK XXI. which shall be obtained made given acknowledged or entered into for security or satisfaction of or for the same or any part thereof shall be utterly void and noe effect. And that the The peson so said person or persons soe wining the said winning to moneys or other things shall forfeit and lose forfeit treble treble the value of all such summe or summes of the money. money or other thing or other things which he shall soe winne gaine obtaine or acquire above the said summe of One hundred pounds, the one moyetie thereof to our said Soveraigne Lord the King His Heirs and Successors, and the other moyety thereof to such person or persons as shall prosecute or sue for the same within one yeare next after the time of such Offence committed, And to be sued for by Action of Debt Bill Plaint or Information in any of his Majestyes Courts of Record at Westminster wherein no Essoigne Protection or Wager of Law shall be allowed. And that every such Plaintiffe or Plaintiffes Informers, shall in every such suite and prosecution have and receive his Treble Costs against the person and persons offending and forfeiting, as aforesaid, Anie Law custome or Usuage to the contrary notwithstanding." The first meeting of the Royal Society, January I2, i671, was signalized by a royal wager, communicated by Sir Robert Moray, by which the king betted 50 to 5 against the President and Fellows of the Royal Society, on the best method of compressing air, "which," says Mr. Elmes, "the loyal society permitted their royal patron to win." Mr. Wild says it was resolved that " Mr. Hooke should prepare the necessary apparatus to try the experiment, which Sir Robert Moray said might be done by a cane, contrived after such a manner, that it should take in more and more water, according as it should be sunk deeper and deeper into it." The minutes of a subsequent meeting record the success- ful performance of the experiment, and it" was acknowledged that his Majesty had won the wager." t ' " Wren and his Times," p. 262. See Birch, "Hist. Royal Society," vol. ii. p. 463. t " Hist. Royal Society," vol. i. p. 232. 376 ITHE DUKE OF LAUDERDALE. Another version is to the effect that the king laid 50 to 5 that a live salmon put into a basin of water did not add to its weight Another characteristic wager of this period is told of the king. Charles, engrossed with his pleasures and his mistresses, had latterly refrained from attending the council chamber, notwithstanding the most pressing business required hourly his attention and despatch. On one occasion, the council having assembled, and the king, as usual, not making his appearance, the Duke of Lauderdale,' a man of hasty temper, suddenly quitted his colleagues, and hastened personally to remonstrate with his sovereign. His entreaties, however, were of no avail, and accordingly the duke retired in anger. On quitting the presence-chamber he encountered Thomas Killegrew, one of the Grooms of the Bed-chamber and Master of the Revels, to whom he declaimed in strong terms on the king's neglect of his affairs. Killegrew, desiring him to be pacified, offered to lay him a wager of ioo that Charles would attend the council in less than half an hour. Lauderdale thought proper to accept the bet, and shortly afterwards rejoined his colleagues. In the meantime, Killegrew, enter- ing the king's apartment, related to his Majesty all that had just passed. " I know," he said, "that your Majesty hates In the life of the Hon. and Rev. Dr. John North, by the Hon. Roger North, the latter records that on one occasion when the king was at Newmarket, the Duke of Lauderdale, " though no horse-racer," attended the meeting. At this time the duke was minister for Scotland, and, continues our authority, " it concerned him not a little to be continually near the king; for at that time, the spirit of sedition was rampant. And with that spirit, the court itself was not a little infected, which pointed, not only to the Duke of York and his succession, but, for like ends, at the king himself, but most of all at the Duke of Lauderdale, who stood like a rock in the way. It had been a court trick, when any points of con- sequence, and disagreeable to the ministers, were to be gained by teasing, to take the opportunity of the Newmarket meeting, when the grave counsellors were at London, or elsewhere far enough off. Therefore the duke, knowing that the stress would light upon the affairs of Scotland, his province, and person in order to get him, if possible, removed, thought fit to be, as they say, at the shaving of his own beard."-" Lives of the Norths," vol. iii. p. 327. 1664.3 377 378 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BOOK XXII. Lauderdale, and it is only the necessity of your affairs which induces you to be civil to him. Now, if you choose to get rid of him you have only to go this once to council: I know his covetous disposition so well, that, rather than pay this iMoo, I am satisfied he would hang himself in spite, and never plague you again." It was impossible for Charles to help smiling:-"Well then, Killegrew," he replied, "I posi- tively will go." He kept his word and the wager was won. Robert Greville, 4th Lord Brooke, who died in I676, won 4800 one night at dice. "After his victory he hired, and before he arrived at his inn his carriage broke down, which being the case he thought he would go the rest of the way on foot, but when he got out of his carriage he tripped, and with his gold fell on the ground, which being noticed the boys at once came running up. Lord Brooke, seeing them coming, immediately drew his long sword from its sheath and swore that black blood should flow from any who dared to touch the money. At length he took up every piece from the ground and reached his inn, not having lost a farthing." -Isham Diary, p. 42. This diarist also mentions that Lord Sunderland had lost 20,000 pistoles at play in one night.-Ibid., p. 102. In a letter to Lord Chesterfield, Sir Charles Sedley,m a turfite of the period, reminds his lordship of his promise to send him some venison, and now asks for a warrant for a buck, " tho the town is so empty, that with all my bowling, tennis, drinking, and other general acquaintance, I shall have much a doe to find company for a pasty: besides the distinction of Whigg and Tory doth much add to the present desolation. Tho wee are not blessed with poets, that can write us comedys equell to the auntients, I believe never was an age so comicall as this; and laughter, where ever he turns himselfe, will have occasion to hold his sides. Madame de Soyssons is arrived, whom the Lord Crafes 261 (were he alive) would call Madame de Soyxante; for she is ten years older than her sister Mazarin but whether our court will have her a beauty, a mis, a wit or pollitition, is not yet known. Ruinous play," he adds, " is grown the only divertion at the court; and a man without SIR CHARLES SEDLE Y. a thousand gineys to venture is an asse; and, on the contrary, as it has ever been the custome of people of quality that had infirmities to introduce fashions that might hide them, soe they now cover their want of sense and conversation with extravigunt play." wO Sir Charles Sedley, a notable turfite, a wit, a dramatic and miscellaneous writer, was the son of Sir John Sedley, of Aylesford, Kent, by a daughter of Sir Henry Savile, and was born about i639. He was educated at Oxford, and at the Restoration came to London, where he soon became well known as a wit, courtier, poet, and man of gallantry. As a critic he was so much admired, that he became a kind of oracle among the poets; and no performance was approved or condemned till Sir Charles Sedley had given judgment. This made King Charles jestingly say to him, that Nature had given him a patent to be Apollo's viceroy; and Lord Rochester placed him in the first rank of poetical critics. With these accomplishments he impaired his estate by profli- gate pleasures. He was implicated with Lord Buckhurst and Sir Thomas Ogle in a debauch at the Cock Tavern, Covent Garden (a notable rendezvous for turfites), where, going upon the balcony, they exposed themselves to the populace in very indecent postures. At last, as they became more excited, Sedley stood forth naked, and harangued the populace in such profane language, that the public indignation was awakened; the crowd attempted to force the door, and, being repulsed, drove in the performers with stones and broke the windows of the tavern. For this misdemeanor they were indicted, and Sedley was fined .5oo. What was the sen- tence of the others is unknown. " Sedley," says Dr. Johnson, " employed Killigrew and another to procure a remission from the king; but (mark the friendship of the dissolute!) they bagged the fine for themselves, and exacted it to the last groat." After this affair, his mind took a more serious turn; and he began to apply himself to politics. He was extremely active for the Revolution, which was at first thought extra- ordinary, as he had received favours from James II., but those 1688.] 379 8 THE HISTORY OF NEWMARKET. [BooK XXIL were cancelled when that king seduced Sedley's only child, whom he created Countess of Dorchester. This honour by no means satisfied Sir Charles, who, libertine as he had been, considered his daughter's disgrace as being thereby made more conspicuous. Still his wit prevailed over his resent- ment, at least in speaking on the subject; for being asked why he appeared so energetic for the Revolution, he said, " I hate ingratitude, and therefore, as the king has made my daughter a countess, I will endeavour to make his daughter a queen." He died August 20, I701. 261 Lord Crofts, of Saxham, in Suffolk, where Charles II. was said to have lived freely on occasion with Sedley, Buck- hurst, and others. Our celebrated philosopher, John Locke, when on the Continent about this time, happened to be consulted by some 1679. foreigner, then about to visit England, as to the manners and customs of people of our islands. Locke drew up a memorandum as a guide for the information of his French friend on his arrival here. The philosopher commenced with a reference to the " Sports of England," which he said embraced horse-racing, hawking, and hunting. At Marylebone and Putney he might see several persons of quality bowling two or three times a week all the summer; bear and bull-baiting, "and sometimes prizes," at the bear- garden; shooting with the long-bow and stob-ball, in Tothill Fields; cudgel-playing in several places in the country; and hurling in Cornwall. He was to eat fish in Fish-street, espe- cially lobsters, Colchester oysters, and a fresh cod's head. Veal and beef were recommended as " excellent good " in London; the mutton better in several counties in England. A venison pasty and a chine of beef were good everywhere; so were crammed capons and fat chickens. " Railes and heath-polts, ruffs, and reeves, are excellent meat, wherever they can be met with." Puddings and creams were not to be had in their best at common eating-houses. We enjoyed the luxury of 380 two sauces, cheddar and Cheshire cheese, Bermuda oranges and potatoes! The king's gunsmith, in the yard by White- hall, was deserving of a call, and at an ironmonger's, near the May-Pole, in the Strand, were to be found a variety of instruments and utensils of all kinds. It was also set down that Monsieur, if he went to Bristol he was to " taste there Milford oysters, marrow-puddings, cock-ale, metheglin, white and red muggets, elvers, sherry, sack (which, with sugar, is called Bristol milk), and some other wines, which, perhaps, he will not drink as good at London." The notorious Judge Jefferies, with all his faults, sternly resisted the prevailing vice of gambling. Sir Basil Firebrass, a London citizen, had lost 3450 guineas at play with one Brett, at the same sitting; but being JTamell. satisfied that he had been cheated, he and his O 1688. servant retook 2000 guineas from the winner by force. The successful gamester brought an action of trespass, and Sir Basil went into Chancery to stop him, and to have the residue of the losings, being 1450 guineas more. He declared in his bill, that a claim of fraud had been made to inveigle him ; that the defendant Brett had mixed his own wine with water, while he plied his antagonist, the unlucky plaintiff in Chancery, most abundantly; that Mr. Brett had not above ten guineas in his pocket to begin the contest; and, in fact, that he, the plaintiff, was quite unconscious of his own actions. Jefferies said that, as far as he was able, he would discourage such extravagant gaming; that the sum of money lost was enormous for persons of their rank; and that the Lord Chief Justice Hale had checked a horse-race wager, by threatening to allow the defendant, the loser, to put off the hearing of the cause from time to time. This alarmed Brett; and he agreed to a compromise, swearing that he took but 8i6 guineas away with him. So it was arranged that each party should keep the money he had got, and give general releases of all actions, suits, and demands. Woolrych, " Memoirs of the Life of Judge Jefferies," p. 350. 1688.1 FINIIS. 381 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. VOL. I. Page 141, line 2, for " Shaftesbury " read " Shrewsbury." ,, 193, last line,for" i854" read " 1884." ,, 216, line 5, after "Scott" insert " of." ,, 271, line 12,for " Fane" read" Vane." 302, line 12,/for" 1600" read" 1603." VOL. II. Page i6, line 21,/or " Holland " read " Rich." 45. According to Mr. Metcalfe's " Book of Knights," the following were knighted by Charles I. at Newmarket: 1626-March 4, William Craven; March 6, William Carr; 1629-March x, Dudley Carleton. ,, 8i, line 28, and page 183, line 6 from bottom, for "Oxford" read O Orford." ,, 95,line 17, for " 1630-4 " read" 1630-l." ,, 305, line 7 from bottom,for " Chesterton" read "Chesterford." VOL. III. Page 4, line 8 from bottom,for " 186i " read "i68i." Page x82. Clifford Mlanor, WYeatherby, Yorks. The partisans of Mary, Queen of Scots, under cover of holding a race meeting here in March, 1569, assembled in great force, and seemingly fulfilled the nominal object in view. But it was a disastrous meeting for the Northern Earls and their faction, ending in defeat, attainder, proscription, and death. See S. P., D., subom da,, MS., P. R. 0. DATES OF DOCUMENTS, ETC., UNDER THE OLD AND NEW STYLE.-In England, at an early period of time, the (so-called) legal year was reckoned from the 25th of March to the 24th of March, consequently the legal year, until the year 1751, commenced on March 25th. This mode of calculating or writing the year is supposed to have been in use in England in the twelfth century; it, however, ceased with the year 1751, the day following the 31st of December, 1751, being called the ist of January, 1752 (by authority of the same Act of Parliament which ordered the adoption of the new style, in September, 1752); by which alteration of the commencement of the year in England, the year 1751 was minus the days of the month of January, February, and to the 24th of March inclusive; that is to say, there were no English public documents written with those dates in the year 1751, according to the English legal style. In England eleven days were omitted, when the new style was adopted in the year 1752, the day following Wednesday, September 2nd, being called Thursday, September 14th (the 3rd to the 13th of that month having been unwritten in England). All the dates given in these volumes (except when otherwise specifically mentioned) are according to the old style; consequently each year begins on March 25. INDEX. ... A Abbot, Dr. George, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 51, 113 Abell, John, royal musician, iii. 50 Abercorn, Earls of. See Hamilton Aberdeen, Earl of. See Gordon Abergavenny, Lord, i. 257 Abingdon, Berks, races at, temp. William III., iii. 316, 320, 323, 330, 338 Abingdon, Earl of. See Bertie Accidents at races, i. 22; ii. 240, 315, 323, 324; iii. 43, 44, 45, 124, 126, 214 Acombe Moor, race-course on, temp. Charles I., i. 67; ii. 153 Acton, Ric., i. 128 Adderley, Geo., iii. 8o Admiralty, the Lords of, at New- market, temp. Charles I., ii. 8, i9; temp. Charles II., iii. 34; temp. William III., iii. 211 -, state of the, temp. Charles II., iii. 266 Air, Viscount. See Crichton Albemarle, Dukes of. See Moncke -, Earls of. See Keppel Aldersey, John, ii. 326 Aldrich, John, i. 125 -, Thos., i. 125 Alford, Marmaduke, iii. 206 Alington, George, i. 49 , Hildebrand, i. 49 , John, i. 49 -, Lord Henry Gerard Sturt, of Crichel, i. 52 Alington, William, i. 49 Allington Hill, order for the preserva- tion of the royal game at, ii. 35 Alingtons, the, Lords of the Manor of Newmarket: Sir Hildebrand, Sir Alan, Sir Solomon, Sir William, i. 48 ; William, 49; Sir Giles, Giles, Sir Giles, 50, 112 ; William, ist Lord Alington, 51, 19i; William, 2nd Lord Alington, Giles, 3rd Lord Alington, Catherine, 52; family, ii. SI All Saints' Church, Newmarket, ii. 114, 338 Almoric, Mr., is 333 Alnut, Sir Henry, iii. 6o Alslaby, T., iii. 132 Alsop, Hugh, ii. 360 Althorp, Northampton, William III, at, iii. 206, 207 Altobello, i. 73 Alunne, Rich., ii. 129 Alva, Duke of, i. 313 Amersham, Bucks, races at, temp. William III., iii. 340 Amesbury, Wilts, races near in the 17th century. See Stonehenge Ancrum, Earl of. See Kere Anderson, Edmund, ii. 246 Andrews, Bishop, i. 113, 141, 144, 233 CoL, iii. 152 , Michael, surgeon to Charles I., ii. 12 , Mr., iii., 370 Angel (coin), ii. 290 "Angel" Inn, at Newmarket, i. 122 INDEX. "Angel" Inn, Doncaster, iii. 247, 329, 335 -, Malton, iii. 306 Anglesey, Earl of, i. 258 -, Arthur, Earl of, iii. 131, 135, 137, 138, 139 Angling, Charles II. addicted to, iii. 93 Anglo-Saxons, the turf under the, i. 21, 22 Anhalt, Count of, i. 195, 196, 199 Annandale, Earl of. See Murray Anne, Princess of Denmark, ii. 224 -, Princess, daughter of James II., afterwards Queen, ii. 375, 376; iii. 4, 62, 131, 148, 194 Annesie, Lord, i. 254 Annesley, Lord, iii. x40 Annion, Rich., iii. ix6 Ansell, John, iii. 246, 300, 302 -, iii. Mr., 335 Ansley, Notts, i. 143 Anson, Sir Roger, i. 157, 159, i6o Anstrowcher, Sir Rob., i. 270 Anstruther, Sir Rob., i. 270 - , Sir Wim., i. 209 Antrim, Earls of. See Macdonald Antwerp, Duke of Newcastle's stud at, ii. i85 Appleyard, Jane, i. 297 , John, i. 122, 128 , Peter, ii. 18 Apsley, Sir Allen, Master of the Hawks to Charles II., and Keeper of the New Warren at Newmarket, ii. 222- 225 -, Sir Peter, ii. 224 Archer, Eliz., i. 127 John, i. 124 -, John, bequest of herrings and faggots to the poor of Newmarket, i1. 115 -, Thos., i. 128 Arden, Mr., iii. 1og Argentines, the, Lords of the Manor of Newmarket: Reginald, i. 41; Giles, 42; Reginald, 43; John, 44; Sir John, 44; Sir John, 45; Sir William, 45; John, 45; Sir Giles, 46 Argyll, Earls and Dukes of. See Campbell Arlington, Earl of. See Bennett Armourer, Sir Nicholas, ii. 266, 267, 269; iii. 351 Armstrong, Sir Thos., iii. 75 Armyne, Sir Arthur, ii. i73 Arragon, Ferdinand, King of, sends presents of horses to Henry VIII., i. 77 Arran, Earl of. See Butler Articles of horse-races in the 17th century, ii. 120, 128, 246-249, 346; iii. I56, 237, 250, 279, 284 Artleborough, races at, temp. Charles II., iii. 127 Arundel, Richard Fitzalan, 14th Earl of, match with Richard II., i. 23; memoir of, 24, 25; iii. 260 , Richard, Baron Arundel, ii. 275, 276 -. See Howard Arundell, Sir Matthew, i. 95 Ascot, Duke of, ii. 185 -, Viscount. See Dormer Ascot, Berks, races at, temfp. Queen Anne, iii. 148 Ascough, Sir Edw., i. 269 Ashburnham, Elizabeth, ii. 14 - John, ii. 133, 134, 135, 136 , Lord John, iii. 171 Ashfield, CoL, ii. 18I Ashfields, Wm., ii. 233 Ashley, Baron. See Ashley-Cooper Ashley-Cooper, Anthony, ist Earl of Shaftesbury, ii. 275; iii. 172, 175, 258, 264, 354, 355 Ashlocke, Thos., ii. 231 Ashton, Mr., ii. 372 Assheton, Nich., i. 353 -, Ric., i. 356 Assumed names on the Turf, origin of, temp. William III., iii. 234 Astley, John, Treatise on horseman- ship, i. 107 Astley, Sir Jacob, ii. 41, 42, 148, 149, 150 , Sir Isaac, ii. 150 Jacob, Lord Astley, ii. 150 Aston, Col., iii. 44 -, Major, ii. 369 -, Sir Walter, ii. 25 384 INDEX. Atherston, Warwickshire, races at, temp. William III., iii. 303 Audley End, ii. 252, 253, 260-263, 268, 270, 273, 280, 292, 299, 300, 315, 317, 379; iii. 262, 264 Audley, Sir Thos., i. 349. Ayerr, Jas., ii. i01 Aylesbury, Earls of. See Bruce Aylmer, Admiral, iii. 361, 364, 365, 367 Ayshcombe, Sir William, iii. 152 B Babington, Mich., ii. 341 Bache, Wm., iii. 51 Backwell, Alderman, ii. 278 Bacon, Cuthberth, i. 256 -, Lady Jane Cornwallis, ii. 14 , Sir Francis, i. II3, 183 ; ii. 25 , Sir Nicholas, Bart., i. i65, i67, 174, 176, 212; ii. 282 Badelesmere, Bartholomew de, i. 34 Bagge, Sir Jas., iii. 276 Bailey, Chs., ii. 148 Bainbridge, Mr., iii. 126 Bainbrigge, John, i. 343 Baines, Henry, i. 98 Bainham, Rob., ii. 1oo Bainton, Nich., iii. 149, 151 Baker, William, Keeper of Newmarket Palace, ii. 43, 44, 221 - , Sir Christopher, ii. 241 Bakewell, Derbyshire, races at, temp. William III., iii. 326, 336 Ballard, John, i. 128 Balls, Wm., ii. 1o0 , Mary, ii. 102 Geo., ii. 102 Mrs., ii. 231 Baltimore, Barons of. See Calvert Banaster, Sir Robert, Bart., ii. 242 Banbury, Earl of. See Knollys Bancks, John, i. 288, 297 - Banister, Christopher, iii. 167 Bankes, performing horse of, i. 314 Bankmarsh, near Ormskirk, race for females on, temp. William III., iii. 319 VOL. III. Banstead Downs (Epsom), races at, temp. Charles I., ii. 150; temp. Charles II., iii. 107, log, 127, 154; temp. William III., 303, 304, 312, 318, 326, 334 Banton Downs, races at, temp. Charles I1. See Cirencester Barclay, Ric., ii. 56 Bardall, Ric., i. 128 Bargett, Thos., ii. 339 Barlow, Frs., artist, iii. 189-x9i Barlow-Moor, Lancashire, races at, in the 17th century. See Manchester Barnardiston family, ii. 1oo Barrett, Sir Edw., i. 269 , Geo., ii. 232 Barrillion, Mons., Ambassador of Louis XIV., ii. 305, 306; iii. 7, 28, 57, 89 Barrow-Hedges, Surrey, iii. 304, 312 Barrow, Jsac., ii. io6 Bartendale, John, ii. 154 Barton, Wm., ii. 107 -, Mr., iii. 349 Bas, le, Richard, ii. 340 Basingstoke, races at, temp. James II., iii. 246, 249; temp. William III., 300, 302 Baskerville, Squire, iii. 38, 149, 151 -, Captain, iii. 234 Basset, Wm., ii. I94 Basset, gaming on, iii. 17, 22, 62, 67, 199 Bassompierre, Marshal de, ii. 200 Bath, Earl of. See Bourchier Bathurst, Sir Benjamin, M.P., ii. 224 , Allen, 6th Earl of, ii. 224 Bathwait, Ric., i. 340 Bay Tarrall, winner of the Gold Cup at Newmarket in March, 1631, ii. 95 Baynton, Sir Edward, ii. 120, 124 -, Mr., iii. 138 Bayspole, John, ii. 225, 241 Beacon Course, Newmarket, i. 3; ii. 371 "Beagle." See Cecil, R., ist Earl of Salisbury Beagles, Newmarket, iii. 225 Beale, Leonard, i. 127, 128, 147, 148 Bearbaiting, ii. 207, 216; iii. io6 " Bear " Inn, Maidenhead, iii. 300 2 C 385 INDEX. Beaton, Dr., ii. 27 Beauchamps family, ii. 82 Beauclerk, Charles, ist Duke of St. Albans, ii. 256; iii. 18, 210 Beaufort, Dukes of. See Somerset Beaulieu, Mr., ii. 13 Beaumont, Sir J., ii. 185 , Squire, iii. 132 Becher, Sir Wm., i. 272 Beckwith, 'Mr., i. 112, 113 Bed of William III. at Newmarket, iii. 221 Beddingfield, Rich., ii. 102 Bede, the Venerable, description of a horse race by, i. 21, 22 Bedford, Earls of. See Russell , John, Duke of, ii. 82 Bedingfield, Sir Phil., i. 272 Beef left to the poor of Newmarket, ii. 114 Beeston, Dr., iii. i84 Bell, Leonard, i. 125 Rev. Wm., D.D., iii. 164 "Bell" Inn, Thetford, iii. 284, 331, 339 Bellamy, R. A., ii. 303 Bellarmine, Cardinal, i. 154, 233 Bellasis, Lord John, iii. So Bellasyse, Lord Thomas, ii. 62 Bellingham, Mr., ii. 371 Bendish, Sir Thomas, ii. 213 Benfield, Rich., ii. 232 Benefactions, Newmarket, ii. 114 Bennet, Sir Henry, Earl of Arlington, ii. 239, 253, 270, 275, 276, 277, 298, 300, 301, 303, 314, 323, 334, 347, 352, 354, 367; iii- 5, I, 118, 149, 256, 264, 298, 349 , Lady Isabella, Duchess of Graf- ton, ii. 302; iii. 298 , John, Earl of Tankerville, ii. 302; iii. 51 , Sir Levinus, ii. 241 Bennett, John, clerk of works at New- market Palace, ii. 355 Bentinck, Lord George, his famous apophthegmn of the Turf, ii. 53 , William, 1st Earl of Portland, iii. 219, 220, 226, 231, 232, 368, 369 Bentley, John, i. 298; ii. 1o0, 102 Bentley, Henry, ii. 230 -, Thos., ii. 230 Wm., ii. 229, 230 Widow, ii. 231 Berde, John, i. 126, 127 Berkeley, William, Marquis of, ii. too -, George, 9th Baron, ii. 271; iii. 79 Berkshire, Earls of. See Howard Bertie, James, Lord Norreys and Earl of Abingdon, iii. 131, 139, 140, 311, 320, 321 -, Montagu, Earl of Lindsay, iii. 14' Berwick, races at, temp. Charles T., ii. i49; temip. Commonwealth, 205; temnp. James II., iii. 245 Bettingham, Mr., iii. i66 Bevill, Sir Wim., i. 186 Bibury Club. See Burford Biddulph, Col. Myddleton, iii. 117 Bignall, Thos., gamekeeper at New- market, iii. 95, 208, 209 Bigods, Earls of Norfolk, ii. 99 Billiards, temp. Charles II., iii. 93, 107, 372 Binning, Lord. See Hamilton Biographies. See Memoirs Bishops Stortford, ii. 99, 279, 305; iii. 217, 223 Bisshe, Sir Edw., iii. 119 Blacknoin, Henry, ii. 102 Blackusin, Henry, ii. ioi Blackwin, Eliz., ii. 229, 230 Blakiston, John, ii. 125 Bland, Sir Thos., i. 271 Blandford, Dorset, races at, temp. Charles II., iii. 135; tempy. William III., 310 Blantyre, Lord. See Scott Blathwayt, Wm., iii. 67 Blencarn, Cumberland, races at, temp. Charles II., iii. 119, 120 Bletchingdon, races at, tezp. Charles II., iii. 131, 140 Blome, Rich., ii. 316; iii. 127 Blood, Col., iii. 255 Blount, Mr., i. 60 Blowers, Henry, ii. 349 -, Edw., ii. 360 386 INIDEYX.3 Blumer, -Mr., iii. 271 Blundell, Sir Frs., i. 271 -, Lord Francis, iii. 8o -, Sir George, Bart., iii. 83 Blunt, Mr., i. 321 -, George, iii. i28 Boadicea, i. 7, 11 Bocock, Thos., ii. 292, 315 Boeadell, M., ii. 102 Boischot, Ferdinand de, i. 242, 247 Bolingbroke (Henry IV.) deposes Richard II., i. 56 Bollmer, Christ., i. 347 Bolt, Walter, iii. 358 Bolton, Duke of. See Paulet Edmund, i. 199 Wim., Rev., Rector of New- market, tenmp. Henry VIII., i. 128 Bonavons, Grand Falconer to Louis XIII., sent to Newmarket with a present of hawks and hounds to James I., i. 251, 252 Bond, Mr., ii. 173 Booth, Henry, Earl of Warrington, iii. 85 -, Sir George, Bart., ist Baron Delamer, iii. 143 I, Ion. Henry, iii. i66, 167, i69, 170 Boothby, Mr., iii. 126 Boots, M. de, i. 261 Borboun, Duke of, i. 71 Border, the, race-meetings, i. 101, 329 Borowdale, Thos., i. 124, 125 Borrough Green, ii. 8i Boswell, Sir W., ii. 8 Bothe, John, i. i 18 Bottesham, Joan, ii. 1oo Bould, Mr., iii. i66 Bourchier, Edward, Earl of Bath, ii. '75 , Sir Barington, iii. 6o Mr., iii. 213 Bowes, Sir Geo., i. 328, 347, 348; ii. 23, 125 George, ii. 125 -, John, i. 348 Sir Talbot, i. 348 - Sir William, i. 99 , Thos., i. 347; ii. 125 Bowes, William, iii. 317 Bowling, heavy betting on, i. 321, 341; ii. 49, 52, 6o, 62, 208, 209, 369, 373; iii. ioi, 164, 372, 380 Boyle, Henry, Mayor of Salihbury, i. 87 John, Earl of Cork, i. 312 Richard, Earl of Cork, ii. 302; iii. 76-79 , Charles, 2nd Earl of Burlington, iii. 28, 79, 213, 286 , Charles, Viscount Dungarvan and Baron Clifford, iii. 59, 79 -, Right lion. Henry, Chancellor of the Exchequer, iii. 231 Brabazon, Sir Edw., Baron Brabazon, i. ISO, I87 Brackley, Northamptonshire, races at, tentp. James I., i. 323, 329, 357, 358; tentp. Charles IH., iii. 119, 135, 153; temp. James II., 237, 240, 244 Braddyll, John, i. 355 Bradford, Earl of. See Newport Bradley, Ric., i. i26, 127 Bradnum Common, Bucks, races on, temfp. William III. See High Wy- combe Bradshaw, John, iii. 143 Brandenburg, Marquis of, i. 173 Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk, i. 6o, 70 -_, Lord. See Gerard Bras-side Moor, races at, temp. William III. See Durham Bray, Lord Edw., i. 191 -, Lord John, i. 191 Braybrooke, Lord. See Griffin Bread left to the poor of Newmarket, ii. 114 Brereton, Thos., ii. 266 -, Lord, iii., 143 Brett, Sir Alex., i. 273 -, Sir Rob., i. 303 -, Mr., iii. 381 Brewers, Sir John, i. 272 Brewers prohibited to forestall horses at fair times at Malton, tenmp. Charles II., iii. 306 Briant, Josh., ii. 232 -, Wm., ii. 231 387 INDEX. Bricknell, Mr., iii. 0og Bridge, Tobias, ii. 78, 80 Bridgman, John, i. 298 Rob., iii. ioi , Josh., iii. 231 , XV., ii. 314 Briggs, John, iii. 200 Bristol, Earl of. See Digby Britons, the ancient, i. 6, 8; coins, 7; horses, 9; taxes, 8 Brittany, Alan, Earl of, ii. 81 Brockwell, Harry, Keeper of the royal fiddles to Charles II., ii. 340; iii. 16, 84 Bromley, Thomas, Lord Montfort Brooke, Henry, Lord Cobham, i. 137 -, Lord. See Grenville Brothertons family, ii. loo Broughe, Frs., i. 347 Brouncker, Lord William, Viscount Castle Lyon, iii. 33, 36 -, Hon. Henry, iii. 34, 37 -, Henry, Viscount, iii. 345 Brown, Anthony, Viscount Montague, i. 204; ii. 29 , Sir Anthony, ii. 8i -, Francis, 3rd Viscount Montague, ii. 325, 327 -, Sir Rob., i. 271 Browne, Ric., ii. 56 -, John, payment to, for making dials for the Newmarket stand, in 1682, iii. 50 Brownlow, Earls of. See Egerton Bruce, Lord, i. 214 , Robert, Earl of Ailesbury, iii. 82, 83 , Thomas, Earl of Elgin, iii. 83 , Mr., iii. 224 Bruchett, Matt., ii. 232 Brudenell, Lord Robert, afterwards Earl of Cardigan, iii. 123, 125, 126, 256 Bruen, John, i. 353 Brunckard, Sir Wm., i. 270 Brydon, Jasper, ii. 107, 109 Bubb, Col. Jeremiah, grant of horses belonging to Papists, to, temp. William III., iii. 270-271 Buccleuch, Earl of. See Scott Buck, races for a, at Woodstock Park, temp. Charles II., iii. 131, 134, 154, 183; temp. James II., 238, 241, 246, 249; temp. William III., 303, 305, 320, 323, 331, 336, 339 Buers, Henry, i. 177 Building material, prices of at New- market, temrp. James I., i. 276; temp. Charles I., ii. 65; temp. Charles II., iii. 50; temp. James II., 195 Bull-baiting, ii. 148, 209 Bull, municipal, for the use of citizens' cows in Durham, iii. 178 Bullerd, John, i. 126 Bullivant, Rev., ii. 315 Bungay, horse race from Norwich to, iii. 333 Bungey, Rob., i. 128 Burdell, Agaitha, i. 297 , Ric., i. 124, 126 Burford, Jack of, jockey, teip. Charles II., iii. 6i , Oxon, races at, temp. Charles IL, iii. 3, IS, 36, 38, 127, 130, 131, x34, 136, 146-151 ; temp. William 1il., 305, 306, 314, 322 , hunting saddles made at, in the 17th century, iii. 127, 306 Burges (or Brydges), Giles, 3rd Baron Chandos, i. 86, 92 , Amos, i. 298 , Sir Geo., ii. 21 Burgh, Sir William, i. 49 --, De, family of, ii. 8i Burke, Mary, ii. 101 Burlington, Earl of. See Boyle Burnet, Bishop, iii. 17 , Mr., iii. 136, 371 Burrowes, Ben., ii. 232 , John, iii. 207 Burton, John, ii. 129 Burwell, terrible fatality at, i. 4o; riot at, ii. i06 Burwell, John, ii. 226 Bury St. Edmunds, ii. 252; iii. 13, 298 Bury, Admiral, Sir John, iii. 298 Bustard, the great, hunted at New- market, temp. Charles I., ii. 42 Butcher, Ric., ii. 147 Bute, Marquis of. See Stuart l 388 INDEX. Butler (Boteler), Manor at Newmarket, i. 53; ii. 269 , Sir Stephen, i. 271 -, SirWalter, I1th Earl of Ormond, i. 175, 177 -, Lord John, ii. 5 James, Duke of Ormond, ii. 171, 253, 268, 269, 282, 300; iii. 77, 91, 209, 255, 348-353, 370 -, Edmund, 4th Viscount Mount- garrett, ii. 253, 254 -, Thomas, Earl of Ossory, iii. 142, 171, 255, 348 -, Lord Richard, ist Earl of Arran, iii. 57, 77, 78, 348, 353 -, Lord Charles, 2nd Earl of Arran, iii. 78 Buttel, Wm., I23 Butts, Edmund, i. [77 Byers, John, i. 124 Byron, Sir John, iii. i40 C "Cabal," the, administration formed at Newmarket, ii. 275 Cadwell, Thomas, barber to Charles I., ii. 26 Cage, family, ii. 8S -, Adlard, ii. 228, 229 Cakebred, John, i. 125 Calamy, Rev. Dr. Benjamin, ii. 265 , Rev. Dr., Junior, iii. 265 Callow, Nic., i. 126, 127 Calveley, Sir George, iii. 142 Calvert, Bernard, i. 313 , Cecil, 2nd Baron Baltimore, i. 264 -, Francis, iii. 271 , Sir Geo., Baron Baltimore, i. 262, 263, 264 Calves' head feast at Chester, temp. Charles II., iii. I i6 Cambridge, Earls of. See Hamilton, Dukes of Cambridge comedians. See Comedians Gap, on Newmarket Heath, i. 247 -University, Doctors of. See New- market, preachers for the sporting journeys at Campbell, John, Duke of Argyll, i. 359 -, Archibald, Earl of Argyll, i. 217 -, Archibald, ioth Earl and ist Duke of Argyll, iii. 213 Campden, Baptist, Viscount, i. i9i -, Baptist, 3rd Viscount, iii. 84 Campfield, Oxon, races at, temp. Charles II., iii. 138 Candles purchased for Newmarket Palace, temp. Charles I., ii. 66 Candlesticks, silver, run for at North- ampton, temp. Charles II., iii. 123 Canterbury, Archbishop of, Rev. racing gentlemen, under the, ii. 130 Capel, Lord Arthur, ist Earl of Essex, iii. III -, Algernon, 3rd Earl of Essex, iii. 213, 217 Cardigan, Earl of. See Brudenell Carey, Henry, Viscount Falkland, i. 225, 228, 229 , Viscount Falkland, ii. 263 -, Henry, 4th Baron Hunsdon, i. 210, 211 -, Hon. Sir Robert, Baron Carey and Earl of Monmouth, i. 13I, 138, 140, 312, 318; iii. 121 - (or Karey), Mr., i. 61 , Sir Henry, i. 228 -, Lady Philadelphia, iii. I21 Carew, Mr., yeoman pricker of the royal buckhounds, elected M.P. for Windsor, ii. 356 Carlenton, Thos., i. 300 Carleon, Roman race-course at, i. 21 Carleton, Sir Dudley, Viscount Dor- chester, i. 131, 140, i65, i8o, 183, 200, 201, 202, 229; ii. 8, I2 Sir Dudley, iii. 382 , Sir John, ii. 8, 12, 29, 30, 238 , Sir George, ii. 30 John, ii. 228, 229 Carlisle, Earl of. See Hay -, Earl of. See Howard Carlisle, races at, temp. Elizabeth, i. 98; temp. James I., i. 329 Carnarvon, Lord, ii. 202 Carr, Sir Andrew, Lord Jedburgh, i. 234, 235 -, Henry, ii. 379; iii. 84 389 INDEX. Carr, Sir Edward, iii. 5S , Sir Robert, i. 222, 224 , Sir Robert, of Sleaford, ii. 323, 324, 336, 344; iii. 13, 22, 25, 51 -, Sir Robert, Viscount Rochester and Earl of Somerset, i. i50, I80, 183, 185, i86, 323 , William, iii. 121 -, Sir William, iii. 382 Carrick Park, iii. 351 Carsal-Moor, races on, in the 17th cen- tury. See Manchester Carshalton, Surrey, iii. 304, 312, 326 Carteret, P., ii. 158, I70 Carton, Roger, i. 125 Carway, Sir Wm., i. 284 Caster, Richard, ii. 78 Castiglione, J. B., ii. 283, 288 Castle, C., ii. 267 Lyon, Viscount. See Brouncker , Mayor, Count, iii. 67, 82. See also Palmer Castlehaven, Mervyn, Earl of, ii. 255 Castlemaine, Earl of. See Palmer Catherine, Queen Consort of Charles II., ii. 244, 26!, 262, 266, 267, 270, 273, 297, 29,9, 305, 309, 310, 311, 312, 336, 340, 356, 357, 360, 365, 366, 368, 369, 374, 376, 379; iii. 4, 9, 13, 14, 19, 37, 40, 43, 44, 50, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 76, 150, 184, 242 Cavendish, William Spencer, 7th Duke of Devonshire, K.G., i. 191, 215 -, William, ist Earl of Devonshire, i. 215; ii. 194 , Elizabeth, Duchess of Albemarle, iii. 259 John, Chief Justice, i. 223 , Sir Charles, ii. 194, 197 Sir William, i. 215 -, William, ist Duke of Devonshire, ii. 377; iii. 200, 214, 216, 222, 224, 228, 229, 270, 280 (3), 283, 288, 290 , Lord, ii. 377; iii. 24, 369 -, Elizabeth, Countess of Ogle, iii. 39, 40 -, William, ist Duke of Newcastle, i. 303; ii. 19, 133, 149, 156, i6o, i6i, 184-193, 194-196; iii. 93, 347, 357 Cavendish, Henry, 2nd Duke of New- castle, ii. 196; iii. 39, 89, 355 -, Margaret, Duchess of, ii. 196- 198 -, Henry, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, ii. 196; iii. 39, 89, 355 Caythorpe race-course, Lincolnshire, races at, eemp. James II., iii. 248 Cecil, Diana, Lady, i. 210, 211 , David, ii. 129 -, Sir Edward, i. 151, 200 , Sir Robert, Viscount Cranborn and ist Earl of Salisbury, i. 103, 131, 133, 134, 136, 144, 148, 150, 1 52, 155, 157, 159, 174, 303, 318, 321, 345; ii. 177 , Thos., Earl of Leicester, i. 50 , Thomas, Lord Burleigh, i. 192; ii. 177 - , William, Earl of Exeter, i. i86, 211 -, John, 4th Earl of Exeter, ii. 253, 255, 256; iii. 123, 131 -, John, 5th Earl of Exeter, iii. 224 -, William, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, K.G., i. 238; ii. 173, 177, 178, 179 , James, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, iii. 76, 258 Cempriere, N., ii. 170 Cerney Downs, races at, trinp. Charles II. See Cirencester Challoner, Mr., ii. 174 Chamberleyn, Sir Ralph, i. 121 - family, i. 294 Chapman, Edmund, i. 125 Captain, iii. 214 , Wm., i. 126 Chandos, Lord. See Burgess Charles, Prince of Wales, 2nd son of James I. (afterwards Charles I.), i. 174, 184, 193, 195, 201, 202, 210, 212, 217, 222, 224, 226, 233, 240, 241, 242, 247, 253, 255, 258, 262, 263, 282, 285, 286, 307, 308, 309, 310, 312, 325, 335; ii. 22 -, Prince of Wales (afterwards Charles II.), i. 214 ; ii. i6, Is, 23, 47, 65, 71, i56, 172, 177, 178, 187, 194 V., Emperor I., sends presents I 390 INDEX. of Spanish horses to Edward VI., i. 8o Charles I., hospitality of his court, ii. I1 ; at Newmarket (see Newmarket, royal visits and sojourns at); memoir of, 52; narrative of his flight from Oxford, 134-137; bets made by, i8, i48; his stud at Tutbury, 158- 174; personal notices of, passim Charles II. (see Newmarket, royal visits and sojourns at,passim); as a jockey ii. 315, 327; iii. 93; memoir of, 91-95 Charlton, Francis, i. i86 Chase, John, apothecary to Charles II., ii. 312, 315, 321, 335, 339, 349, 355 Chaundelor, Wm., i. 127 Chaworth, Sir Geo., i. 141, 144, 145, 150, 174 Cherry, Sir Francis, ii. 37 Chester, races and sports on the Roodee, temrp. Henry VIII., at, i. 64, 67, i04; temp. James I., 327, 329, 334; temxp. Charles I., ii. 125 ; temp. Charles II., iii. I15, I16, 141 Chester, Sir John, iii. 128 Chesterfield, Mary, Countess of, i. 191 - , Earl of, ii. 192 ; iii. 14, 140, 378 Chesterford Park, i. 263; ii. 262, 315 Chetwin, Mr., iii. 137 Chetwind, Charles, iii. I37 Chetwynd, Sir William, ii. 301, 302 Cheveley, i. 122; ii. 237, 378; iii. 57, 58, 66, 85, 87 Cheyney, Sir Thomas, i. 6o, 6i Chicheley, Reynold, Master of the Horse to Queen-consort Marguerite, i. 32 -, Sir Thomas, iii. 143 Chichester, Earl of. See Leigh Chickley, Sir Thomas, ii. 38 Chiffinch William, master of the hawks to Charles II., ii. 224; iii. 49, 209 Child, James, iii. 340 Childe, Thos., marshal farrier to James I., i. i64 Childerley, Charles I. a prisoner at, ii. 50, III Childers, Hugh, i. 341, 342 391 Childers, Leonard, i. 341 Child's Bank, iii. i8, 157, 185, 236, 239 Chimney-money. See Hearth Tax Chimneys, charge for sweeping at New- market Palace, ii. 44 Chippenham Park, near Newmarket, i. 260; ii. 36, 60; Charles I. at, 52, 6o; Charles II. at, 252; George I. at, 6i; the Grand Duke of Tuscany at, 6I; William III. at, iii. 215, 223, 225 Chipping Norton, Oxon, races at, temp. James II., iii. 244, 248; tenmp. Wil- liam III., iii. 299 Chirk Castle, North XVales, iii. [ 16 Cholmondeley, Hugh, 2nd Viscount and Ist Earl, iii. 369, 371 Christian, Mr. Demster, iii. 252 Christopher, Sir Robert, iii. 125 Churchill, John, ist Duke of Marl- borough, ii. 128; iii. 57, 77, 110, 131, 213, 226, 329 Cirencester, races at, temtp. Charles II., iii. 135, 136, 153 Clare, Gilbert, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester, i. 36 Clarendon, Earls of. See Hyde Clarke, Dr. Timothy, ii. 304 -,Joan, i. 122 , John, ii. 232 Clavering, James, iii. 3I7 Claydon, William, ii. 228, 229 Clayton, Mr., ii. 231 -, William, stakeholder at New- market, temp. James II., iii. I98 Clerk of the course at Newmarket, temzp. Charles II., ii. 248; tentp. Wil- liam III., iii. 227 -, Newport Pagnel, temp. Charles II, iii. I88, 245, 299, 301 -, Tamworth, iii. 246 , Lilly HIoo, iii. 275 , Ripon, iii. 308 -, Epsom, iii. 312, 318 , Burford, iii. 314, 328 , Woodstock, iii. 320, 324, 331, 338 , Manchester, iii. 325 Clerkenwell race-course, i. 103 I I INDEX. Cleveland, Duchess of. See Villiers -, Earl of. See Wentworth Cleyton, William, ii. io2 Clifford, George, 3rd Earl of Cumber- land, i. 86, 88 -, Henry, 5th Earl of Cumberland, iii. 79 -, Lord, i. 197, 256 , Margaret, Countess of Strafford, 1i. 34 Sir Thomas, Baron, ii. 275, 276 -, Nich., i. 187 , Lord Henry, ii. 148 -, Baron. See Boyle Clifford- Moor, Yorks, races at, temp. Elizabeth (see Additions and cor- rections); tenmp. Charles II. (see Weatherby) Clifton, Sir Gervase, i. i i i Clipping (shaving) horses, tenmp. Wil- liam III., iii. 207 Clireden, Berks, races at, temup. Wil- liam III., iii. 300 Coach-horses in the 17th century, ii. 186; iii. 357 Coaching on the Newmarket road, temp. James I., i. 155, 157, 173, I97, i99; temp. Charles I., ii. 99; temp. Charles II., 261, 273, 279, 296, 305, 361, 368; iii. 42, 88; temn5p. William III., 399, 210 Coach office, the, temp. William III., iii. 208 Coals, price of, at Newmarket, temp. Charles I., ii. 66; tax on, temp. Charles I., x8i Coats, Mr., iii. 219 Cobb, William, ii. 231 Cobham, Lord. See Brooke , Major, ii. x8i "Cock," the, inn, at Newmarket, ii. 231 -, at Epping, iii. iol -, at Woburn, iii. 330, 313, 318, 321 -, at Covent Garden, iii. 379 Cockfighting, i. 333, 340, 341, 352; ii. 203, 207, 209, 2I6, 335, 353, 364, 370, 374; iii. 4, 19, 26, 28, 46, 57, 62, 63, 90, 98, 99, l0o, 106, 164, 211, 213, 215, 216i,220, 226, 245, 249, 289, 310, 319, 333, 374 Cockinne, Andrew, ii. 329 Cod, William, ii. 231 Coddington, i. 323 Coinage, the gold, change in, by James I., at Newmarket, i. 159 Cokayne, Brian, Viscount Cullen, iii. 123, 124, 125, 126 Coke, Chief Justice, i. i8i, 182, 183, 184, 192, 193, 226 , Frances, Viscountess Purbeck, i. 182, 383, 230 -, Roger, i. 323 -, Sir John, i. 251 ; ii. 4, 5, 7, 23, 35, 41, 42, 94 -, John, ii. 56, 59, 95 Colby, Sir Huntington, i. 271 Cole, John, keeper of the wild fowl to Charles II., at Newmarket, ii. 225 Coleman, John, stakeholder and mayor of Basingstoke, iii. 246, 300 Colepepper, John, Lord Colpepper, ii. 171, 172, 176 Coleson, Mr. iii. 335 Colledge, Edith, iii. 202 Colley, Sir William, iii. 83 Collier, Rev. Mr., iii. 358 Collingwood, Daniel, ii. 214, 215 , Sir Robert, ii. 214, 215 -, William, iii. 271 Collins, Elizabeth, ii. 232 -, Captain Grenville, iii. 246 Coloma, Don Carlos de, i. 247 Colt, Sir Henry, i. 269 , Henry Dutton, ii. 251 Comber, Dean, ii. 34 Comedians, i. 174, 179, 223, 226, 245, 323; ii. 20, 67, 342, 207, 325, 374, 375; iii. 4, 28, 46, 80, 97, 98-101 Commons, illegal enclosures of, ii. io6 Compton, Sir Thos., i. 284 , Sir Robert, ii. 45 -, Spencer, Earl of Northampton, i. 241, 292 -, Sir Francis, iii. 86 Conduit-Meade, London, projected charter to hold a cattle market at, in 3683, iii. 59, 68 392 INDEX. Coningsmark, Count, iii. 24, 39, 40, 41 Connyngsby, Sir Ric., i. 222 Constable, Sir Henry, Viscount Dun- bar, i. 225, 229 , Sir Robert, ii. 183 Sir T. A. Clifford, Bart., i. 229 , Sir William, ii. 173, 183 , Thomas, ii. 231, 232 Conway, Secretary, Sir Edward, Vis- count Conway, i. i6i, 236, 243, 244, 245, 246, 252, 254, 255, 257, 258, 309 ; ii. 4, 7 -, Sir Edward, 3rd Viscount and ist Earl of Conway, ii. 98, 336; iii. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, Io, 13, 21, 22, 23, 25, 28, 34, 45, 46, 47, 60, 65, 67, 84, 85, 164, i65, 354 Cook, Sir Anthony, i. 134 , Thomas, ii. io0 , Wm., i. 124, 126 Cooke, Thomas, ii. 315 -, Colonel, iii. 349 Cooper, Joseph, chef to Charles I., ii. 25 Coote, Frs., i. 86 - , Charles, Earl of Mountrath, iii. I40 - , Lord, iii. 200 Cope, Sir Walter, ii. 17 Copt Hall, Essex, William III. at, iii. 2I2 Corbet, Sir John, Bart., iii. i69, 170, I71 Corde, John, i. 125 Cordwall, Lord, iii. 6i Cork and Orrery, Earl of See Boyle Cornwallis, Sir Frederick, Bart., ii. 14, i6 - , Lord Charles, iii. 78, 286 Cors Presente, instance of, temp. James I., i. 309 Cosin, John, Bishop of Durham, ii. 289, 290 Cosmo III., Grand Duke of Tuscany, ii. 6i, 277, 278-288, 290, 263; iii. 369 Cosnolde, John, i. 221 Cottington, Lord Francis, i. 266, 267; ii. 26 Cotton, John, i. i67, 282 - , SirJohn, Bart., ii. 241, 246; iii. 57 , Nathaniel, ii. 296, 330, 339 -, Sir Dormer, i. 259 , Sir Robert, Bart., ii. 38 , Sir Thomas, Bart., ii. 246 , William, ii. 266, 296, 316, 330, 339 Coursing at Newmarket, ii. 267, 281 Courtenay, Right Hon. T. P., iii. 115 Court of High Commission, i. 50; ii. 131, 132 Court Leet of Newmarket, ii. 236 Courtney, Sir Wm., i. 95 Coventry, Earl of. See Villiers , John, 4th Baron Coventry, iii. 57, 78 -, Secretary, Sir William, ii. 323, 324, 325, 326, 333, 334, 336, 344; iii. 36, 256 -, Thomas, Lord Chancellor, ii. 83, 87 -, Thomas, 5th Baron Coventry, iii. 78 Coventry, races at, temp. William III., iii. 337 Coward, Mr., Mayor of Winchester, iii. 157 Cowden course, Derbyshire, races at, in the 17th century. See Bakewell Cowley, the poet, iii. 253 Cox, Thos., i. i94 -, Sir Richard, iii. 344 Coyeners, Lord, iii. 28 Crane, Sir Rob., i. 269 " Cranes, the Three," Doncaster, iii. 237 Cranfield, Sir Lionel, Earl of Middlesex, i. i8i, 190, 227 Crathorne, Thomas, iii. 125 Craven, Lord, ii. 337 -, Sir William, iii. 382 Crawfurde, Andrew, i. 329, 360 Crew, Serjeant, i. 113 -, Chief Justice, ii. 256 Crewe, Jo., ii. 56, 59 Crichton, Wm., Lord Crichton, Vis- count Air, and Earl of Dumfries, i. 234, 235 Crofts, Anne, Lady Wentworth, i. 224 393 INDEX. Crofts, Cecily, i. 224; iii. 53 , Dorothy, Lady Bennet, i. 224 -, Elizabeth, Lady Cornwallis, ii. i6 Lady John, i. 257, 258 Sir Henry, iii. 53 Sir John, Lord Crofts of Sax- ham, i. 222, 223, 224, 225, 233 , William, Baron Crofts, ii. 283, 289, 290; iii. 173, 380 -, Young. See Monmouth, Duke of Cromwell, Sir Oliver, K.B., i. 96, 97 , Oliver, Lord Protector, ii. 52, I10, 172, 173, 178, 181, 205, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 280; iii. 53, 120, 152, 164 -, Henry, ii. 6i, 310, 311, 3i8 , Richard, ii. 213; iii. 143, 152, 253 Crossing, Rev. -, iii. 2x6, 300 "Cross Keys " Inn, Covent Garden, iii. 246, 302 "Crown" Inn, Amersham, iii. 340 Aylesbury, iii. 328 -, Hockrell, iii. 223 Croydon, races at, temrp. Elizabeth, i. 84, 86; temp. James I., 338 Culford, Sussex, i. 212 Cullen, Viscount. See Cokayne Culpepper, Sir Alex., i, 272 -, Sir Thos., i. 273 Cumberland, Earl of. See Clifford Cumyns, Thomas, ii. 228, 229 Cunliff, Rev. E., Rector of Newmarket, iii. 271 Cunningham, Lady Anne, i. 204; ii. 21 Cupar, races at, in the 17th century, iii. io8 Curragh, the, Ireland, races at, temp. James II., iii. 242-244; temp. Wil- liam IIL, 322, 341 Curson, Sir Geo., i. 237 Cust, Col., the Hon. Sir Edw., i. 335, 338 Cutts, Sir John, ii. 50, 81 ; iii. 358 , Lady, ii. 51 -, Mr. (afterwards Lord), iii. 167, 2I4, 215, 217, 229, 270 Czar, the. See Peter the Great D Dacre, Lady, i. 98 -, Lady Elizabeth, i. 349 -, Lord of the North, i. 60 Lord of the South, i. 6o, 6i -, Sir William, i. 98 Dacres, Henry, iii. 270 Dalkeith, the Duke of Monmouth's saddle at, iii. 174 Dalrymple, Sir John, iii. 170 Dalston, Chris., iii. 271 Dalton, Jas., ii. io6 Danby, Lord, ii. 336, 347, 354; iii. 14 Danker, John, ii. 8 -, XWalter, ii. 8 Danvers, Sir Henry, Earl of Danby, i. 94 -, Sir John, i. 86, 94 Darcy, Lord, i. III, 113 , Capt., iii. 1o9 , John, ii. 225 -, Major, iii. 249 Darlington, iii. 307. See also Stapleton Datchet (Windsor), races at, temp. Charles II., iii. 136, 137, 155, 161, 162, 189-1gi; temp. William III., 315, 330 Daune, Thos., i. 127 D'Auverquerque, Henry, Duke of Nas- sau, Master of the Horse to William III., iii. 220, 223, 359-361, 367 Daventry, races near, temap. William III., iii. 319, 334 Davis, Rob., iii. 107 Davison, Mr., iii. 1og Davyes, Tbos., barber to Charles I., ii. 134 Dawes, Sir Wm., iii. 222 Daws, Rich., ii. 94 Dawson, Henry, ii. 48 -, Matthew, iii. 194 Day, Martin, ii. 230 Deacle, John, iii. 370 Decoys for wild fowl, invented, i. 177 Deer, importation of, tenmp. Charles II., iii. 1o6; run down by footmen, '09 Deerham, Sir Thos., i. 272 Deering, Sir Edw., i. 272; ii. i80 394 INDEX. Deker, Rev. J., ii. 239 Delamere Forest, races in, temip. Charles Ire, iii. i66, i67, i6q, 179, 180 Delamere, Lord. See Booth Delamore, Wm., iii. 71 De-Laune, Thos., ii. io Delawar, Lord. See West Delves, Sir Thos., Bart., iii. 1i6 Denbigh, Earls of. See Fielding Denham, Sir John, iii. 263 Denham's " The Art of Riding," i. 107 Denmark, Anne of, Queen of James I., i. 134, 215, 216, 297, 306, 307, 318, 336 , George, Prince of, iii. i85, 200, 212, 213, 215, 218, 222, 225, 354 -, King of, at Newmarket, i. i67 Denow, Baron Von, i. 218, 219 Denton, Sir Thos., i. 240 Deputation from the Lords and Com- mons at Newmarket, ii. 46; from the Corporation of London at New- market, iii. 59, 6o, 67, 68 De Ruyter, Admiral, iii. 265 Derby, Earls of. See Stanley Derby, races at, temnp. James I., i. 329, 358 Deslauriers, Jas., iii. 370 Desmond, Earl of. See Preston Devereux, Robert, 2nd Earl of Essex, i. 90, 92, 245; ii. 120, I49 Devil's Ditch, survey of, i. 9, 13; de- scription of, lo; conjectures of its origin, I i, 12; boundary between East Anglia and Mercia, 13; map of the vicinity, 12; section of the foss and vallum, 13; called St. Edmund's Ditch, 53; ii. 105; mention of, 0og, 247, 286, 316, 368 Devonshire, Dukes of. See Cavendish D'Ewes, Sir Simon, i. 356 Dex, Nicolle, matches at Metz with the Duke of Suffolk, i. 67, 71 Dey, Harry, i. 125 Dials for the Newmarket stand, temp. Charles IL., ii. 50 Dibden, Dr., Rector of Exning, i. 38; iii. 250 Dice, use of, at selling-races, iii. 286, 313, 331, 340 Digby, George, i. 303, 304 -, William, 5th Baron Digby, ii. 301, 302 --, Sir John, Lord Sherborne and Earl of Bristol, i. 113, 206, 305; ii. 185 , Sir Rob., i. 271 -, Mr., iii. x26, 128 Diggs, Sir Dudley, i. 159, 315 Dillon, Thomas, 4th Viscount Dillon, ii. 32, 34 Dingley, Charles, iii. 184 Dingwall, Lord. See Preston " Distance," the, in horse-races, iii. 285 Distemper, great, among horses in 1699, iii. 224, 225, 287 Dodson, Mr., iii. 349 Dodsworth, Anthony, i. 193 Doe, race for a, tenmp. Charles II., iii. i83; tempt. William IIll, 303, 311, 331 Dogs, sporting and hunting, i. 241, 251, 256, 311, 340; ii. 4, 29, 45, 241, 242, 264, 297, 344; iii- 19, 49, 75, 172, 225, 241 "Dolphin," the, Inn, Cambridge, iii. 66 Dona, H. E. Count, iii. 224 Doncaster, races at, temp. Elizabeth, i. 95, 96; temp. James I., 328, 341, 343, temnp. Charles II., iii. 182; temp. James II., 237, 247, 248; tentp. William III., 329, 335 Doncaster, Viscount. See Hay Donekeley, Thos., ii. 296, 361; iii. i6, 84 Dorchester, Roman race-course at, i. 21 Dorchester, Viscount. See Carleton , Marquis of. See Pirrepont Dormer, Charles, 2nd Earl of Car- narvon, iii. 140 -, Robert, 1st Viscount Ascot, iii. 140 -,John, 12th Baron Dormer, iii. 141 -, Mr., iii. 369 Dorset, Earls of. See Sackville Dotterels, fowling, at Newmarket, ii. 281; price of, in 1577, 282 395 6I7DEX. Douglas, Charles, 2nd Earl of Selkirk, iii. 223 Doulton, Walter, ii. 231 Dove, Thos., i. 124, 125 (2) Dover, Earl of. See Carey -, Baron. See Jermyn Dover, races at, temp. Commonwealth, ii. 204 Downes, Major Edw., ii. 173 -, Col., ii. 174 Downing, Sir Geo., ii. 310 Drag-hounds, Newmarket, ii. 82 -, Woodstock, iii. 154 Drake, Sir John, iii. 77 Dramatists on the turf, temp. James I., i. 323; temp. Charles I., ii. 142-147; temp. Charles II., iii. 98-1o0 Draper, John, ii. 115 Draycote, Philip, ii. 26 Dredgeman, Ric., i. 127 Drougheda, Marquis of. See Moore Drury, Sir Rob., i. 175, 177 Dublin Castle, iii. 242 Dublin, races near, temp. Charles II., iii. III Dudley, Lord Ambrose, Earl of War- wick, i. 86, 89 -, Sir Matthew, Bart., ii. 245 Duel, fatal, at Newmarket, iii. 6o Dugdale, Sir William, i. i9o; ii. 10g, 314, 315 Dullingham, ii. 8i Dumfries, Earl of. See Crichton Dumfries, races at, temzp. Elizabeth, i. ioo Dunbar, Earl of. See Hume -, Viscount. See Constable Dungannon, Lord. See Trevor Dungarvan, Viscount. See Boyle Dunkirk, sale of, ii. 313 Dunsmore, Lord. See Leigh Duras, de, Louis, Marquis of Blanque- fort, ii. 283, 288, 289 , de, Duc, ii. 289 Durdans, the, Epsom, Charles II. and the Duke of York at, ii. 271 Durham, James I., at, i. 344; racesat, temp. James I., 328, 343, 344; temp. Charles II., iii. 9og, 178; temp. William III., 306, 307, 310, 311, 317, 334 Durhant, Wm., ii. 232 Dutch coach-horses, popularity of in the 17th century, iii. 357 Dutch, the, invasion of the eastern counties, defeated by the Earl of Suffolk, iii. 265-267 Dutton, Mr., ii. 128 -, Sir Ralph, Bart., iii. 150, 152 Dyer, C. A., ii. 37 -, Sir Richard, iii. 51 E "Eagle and Child " Inn, Newmarket, ii. 360 East India Company, i. 211 Eaton, Sir John, ii. 325, 327 Eaton College, iii. 291 Echard, Archdeacon, ii. 265; iii. 14 Echere, France, races at, temp. Louis XIV., iii. 171-173 Eclipse, the great, of 1699, iii. 291 Eden, Rob., iii. 317 Edgar family, ii. 82 Editha, Queen, ii. 81 Edmondes, Sir Thos., i. 181 Edmonds, Sir Thos., i. 304, 305 Edward II. prohibits tournaments at Newmarket, i. 34, 35 - III. received presents of race- horses from the King of Navarre, i. 28 - VI. imports Eastern blood, i. 81; encourages horse-breeding, etc., 82, 83 Eels, Cambridgeshire, ii. 235 Egerton, Thomas, Baron Ellesmere and Viscount Brackley, Lord Chancellor, i. 163, 164, 165, 210, 301 -, Sir Philip, iii. i i6, I i8, 167 Egiock, Sir Frs., i. 237 Eglinton, Hugh, 7th Earl of, i. 204 -, Archibald, 8th Earl of, iii. 329 Egmont, Earl of. See Perceval Elder, Dr. Davie, iii. 221 Elgin, Earls of. See Bruce Elizabeth, Princess, Queen of Bohemia, daughter ofJames I., i. 159, 162, 163; iii. 97 J 396 INDEX. Elizabeth, Queen, progress of the turf during her reign, i. 83, 84, 104; present at race-meetings, 85; her stand at Croydon, 85; at St. James's Park, 103; her studs, 114 ; her jockeys, 114; legislation upon horse- breeding in her reign, ix8, 119; prisoner at Kirtling, near New- market, 128; anecdote of, 135 Ellesmere, Lord Chancellor, i. 113 --, Lord. See Egerton Ellice, A., ii. 303 Elliot, Mr. (qy. James), ii. 253, 306, 312. 330, 339, 350 -, Thomas, keeper of Newmarket Palace, ii. 272, 278, 342 -, Mrs. Eliz., keeper of Newmarket Palace, ii. 342-344; iii. 197, 232 -, Sir (qy.) Gilbert, Bart., ii. 283; iii. I08 -, Thomas, ii. 338; iii. 208 Ellis, Sir Geo., i. 271 -, John, ii. 297; iii. 138 Ellison, Henry, iii. 317 Elmes, Thos., ii. i80 Eltham, royal studs at, i. 32, 59, 75, 79, 8o, 114, 302 Elwes, Sir Geo., ii. 241 Ely, ii. 280 Empingham Heath, Rutland, races on, tecnp. James II., iii. 241 English, Jas., ii. 230 Epping Forest, ii. 279; iii. 42, 72, 210, 215, 287 Epsom, ii. 271 ; races near, in the 17th century (see Banstead Downs); coaching to, temp. Charles I1., iii. III Erroll, Earl of. See Hay Erskine, Sir Thos., Viscount Fentown, Earl of Kellie, K G., i. 197,216, 217, 218 Essex, Earl of. See Devereux - , Earls of. See Capel Estcourt, Sir Giles, i. 272 Este, Marquises of, i. 32 Etheldreda, Queen and Saint, i. 13, 20, 57 Etherege, Sir George, ii. 325, 327; iii. 17 Euston Hall (Suffolk), ii. 298, 300, 302, 306, 307, 310, 312, 314, 316, 334, 336, 376, 377, 379; iii. 64, 298 Evelyn, John, ii. 298, 305, 306, 307; iii. 218 Excise laws, temp. Charles II., ii. 234 Exeter, Earls of. See Cecil Exning, i. 13, 121, 260; ii. 103 Eyre, David, i. 127 Eyres, John, i. 126 F Faigler, Wm., iii. 252 Fairfax, Sir Thomas, ii. 47, 59, 103, 112, 183; iii. 253 Falconers Lodge, Newmarket, iii. 209 Falconry, i. 8, x8, 152, 157, 175, 212, 236, 249, 251, 260, 266; ii. 224, 263, 368, 373; iii. 4, 28, 61, 64, 76, 91, 93, 127, 149, 154, 186, 209, 211, 213, 215, 304 Falkland, Viscounts. See Carey Fane, Mildmay, 2nd Earl of Vestmore- land, ii. 255 -, Charles, 3rd Earl of Westmore- land, iii. 123, 124, 125, 126, 128 - , Sir Vere, 4th Earl of Westmore- land, iii. 126 Fan, Nic., i. 126 Fanne, Ric., i. 127 Farndon (Cheshire), probability of races at, temp. James I., i. 335, 338; races at, temtp. Charles II., ii. 141, 144 iii. 177 Farringdon, Berks, races near, tellip. William III., iii. 302, 304, 307, 313 Fauconberg, Baron, ii. 6x; iii. 89 Fayram, Mr., mayor of Doncaster, i688, iii. 247 "Feathers" Inn, at Newmarket, bequest to the poor of the town chargeable on, ii. 115 Felton, i- 325 Mr., iii. 6i, 369 , murders George Villiers, ist Duke of Buckingham, ii. 325 , Sir Thomas, iii. 261 , Thomas, iii. 209, 286 397 INDEX. Felton, Thomas, master of the hawks to Charles II., ii. 224 Fencing matches in England, temp. William IlI., iii. 291 Fennor, Wim., i. 237 Fenton, Lady. See Erskine Fenwick, Wm., ii. 149, 199 Sir John, ii. i6o, 192, 198, 225 Sir Roger, ii. 183 , Robert, ii. 214 Fermor, Sir Geo., i. 177 Ferrara, Duke of, i. 31, 32 Ferrers, John, iii. 78 Feversham, Earl of. See Sondes Fielding, 'Mary, Duchess of Hamilton, ii. 21 , Basil, 2nd Earl of Denbigh, ii. '57, 171, 175 Lady Anne, ii. 202; iii. 84 William, 3rd Earl of Denbigh, iii. 84 Filmer, Sir Rob., i. 272 Finch, Charles, 3rd Earl of Winchelsea, iii. 326 - , Sir Heneage, ist Earl of Notting- ham, iii. 85 Finet, Sir John, i. I95, 219, 247, 257 Firebrass, Sir Basil, iii. 381 Fires at Newmarket, i. 34; ii. 113; iii. 58, 63, 64-74, 178, 206 Fisher, Thos., of the Epsom coach, iii. lll Fish lcft to the poor of Newmarket, ii. 114, 115 Fish, Sir Wim., i. 271 Fitton, Sir Edward, i. 205 Fitzalan, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 25 -, Richard, 14th Earl of Arundel, i. 23, 24, 25; iii. 260 Fitzgerald, Gerald, 9th Earl of Kildare, i. 6o, 62 -, John, Earl of Kildare, ii. 245 Fitzpatrick, Barnaby, i. 82 Fitzroy, Henry, ist Duke of Grafton, ii. 328; iii. 42, 150, 208, 256, 297 -, Charles, 2nd Duke of Grafton, iii. 343 -, George, ist Duke of Northum- berland, iii. 120 Fleetwood, Sir Thos., i. 272 L, Lieut.-Gen., ii. 1 12 , Sir Wm., ii. 134 -, Thos., of Ormskirk, iii. 319 Flemyng, Sir Thos., i. 269 Foley, Paul, iii. 370 Folkys, Symon, of Newmarket, Will of, i. 122, 123 , Richard, i. 123 Fontainebleau, stag-hunting at, tetp. Louis XIV., iii. 172 Football, ii. 211 Footes, Thos., i. i6i Foot-races, i. 102, 314, 315; ii. 143, 273, 30I, 304, 368, 369; iii. 4, 43, ioS, 109, 131, 134, 159-i61, 167, 249, 279, 319, 324, 331, 339, 374 Ford, Robert, keeper of Newmarket Palace, ii. 18, 22, 26, 28, 219, 220, 221, 230; iii. 196, 197, 232 Fordham, Cambs., i 132 Fordham, Thos., yeoman of the bows to Charles II., ii. 341, 350, 356, 361, 380 Forest, John, iii. 299, 301 Fort, Alex., iii. i5 Fortescue, Sir -, ii. 45 -, Sir Sandys, iii. 152 Forster, Sir H., ii. 202 Capt., ii. 265 -, Richard, iii. i iS Foster, Mr., i. 320, 321 -, Sir Humphrey, iii. 373 Fowler, Sir Wm., iii. 352 , Edmund, iii. 380 -, Ven. Dr., iii. 163, i65 Fox, Sir Stephen, iii. 14, 197, 271 Fraiser, Sir Alex, ii. 304 , Dr. Thos., iii. 196 Frampton, Tregonwell, ii. 325, 327, 335, 370, 372, 374; iii- 46, 48, 194, 204, 207, 213, 214 (3), 215 (2), 216 (2), 2i8, 224 (2), 225, 269, 280, 355, 361, 370 (3), 371 (2) France, races in, temnp. Louis XIV. See St. Germains Francis I., King of France, i. 69, 70 , Wm., ii. 230 Franckland, Anth., i. 347 Frankes, Thos., i. 123 398 INDEX. Frankland, Lord D., i. x88 Chas., ii. 95 -, Sir Thos., Bart., ii. 39 Franklyn, Sir Richard, iii. 370 Freeman, Francis, ii. 78 -, Thos., ii. 157 Freville, Sir Geo., i. 345 Fricklam warren, Newmarket, ii. 99 Frost, Mr., ii. 174 Froward, Thomas, ii. 231 Fulford, Sir Frs., i. 269 " Fulhams," high and low, iii. 373 Funston, Christopher, i. 127 Henry, i. 122 -, John, ii. go, 91, 102 Margaret, i. 124; ii. 102, 231 , Roger, ii. 91, 92 Furckett, John, ii. 229 Fyson, John, gamekeeper at Newv- market, i. 253, 255, 260; ii. IS, 225 G Gaer, or Geere, Sir Robert, iii. xi, 25, 44, 45 Gainsborough, Earls of. See Noel Gale, William, iii. 355 Galle, Francis, ii. 94 Galtres Forest, i. 211 Galway, Earl of. See Ruvigny Gambling, Thomas, iii. 76 Game, Master of. See Goring , Royal. See Newmarket ,sale of, forbidden by Charles I., ii. 31; destruction of, during the Commonwealth, iii. Io6 Gamige, Farmer, royal banquet at his house, i. 202, 203, 298 Gaming and betting, i. 317, 322; ii. 201, 202, 208, 209, 378; iii. 8, 98, I10, i6o, 199, 283, 296, 297, 371-378 Ganson, Jeremy, ii. ioi Gardiner, Sir Richard, i. 49 , Thomas, ii. 115 -, Roger, ii. 251 Thomas, of Lalam, iii. 340 Gargrave, Sir Richard, ii. 126; iii. 51 Gascoign, Sir Bernard, ii. 262, 300, 314 Colonel, ii. 279, 281 , Sir Robert, ii. 298 Gatherly, races at, t'mp. Elizabeth, i. 67; temp. James I., 323, 328, 345, 346, 363 Gawen, Reginald, i. 282, 298 - , Jeremy, ii. 75 Gentlemen jockeys, definition of, in the 17th century, iii. 313 George I. at Newmarket, ii. 6i ; at Chippenham, 6i "George " Inn, Aylesbury, ii i. 299, 308 , Silso, iii. 308 , Woburn, iii. 308 , Burford, iii. 314, 322 , Northampton, iii. 326 George, Thos., i. 86 Gerard, Gilbert, 2nd Baron, i. i8o, 213, 309, 310 Sir Thos., i. 241, 270 -, Sir Gilbert, Master of the Rolls, i. 213; ii. 6o -, Charles, Baron Brandon, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, iii. 143, 144, 211, 215, 369 , Thomas, ii. 6o Giblione, Baptista, i. 208 Glenally, Lord, iii. 352 Glencairn, Earl of. See Cunningham Gloucester, Earl of. See Clare - , Duke of, ii. 233, 250 Gloves, wagers of, on horse races, temp. Charles I., ii. 146 Goddard, Thomas, iii. 278 Godfrey, Oliver, ii. 1oo _ , Sir Edmundbury, ii. 352 Godolphin, Sir William, ii. 310 - , Sidney, Earl Godolphin, Lord High Treasurer, etc., ii. 356, 363, 366, 377; iii. 5, 21, 82, 90, 211, 214, 216, 228, 231, 269, 286, 329, 365, 366, 369, 371 " Golden Bottle," the. See Hoare " Golden Buck," Fleet Street, London, iii. 131, 134 Golden, John, i. 128 Gondemar, Count. See Sarmiento 399 INDEX. Goodman, Bishop, i. i6o, 268 Goodwyn, Theodor, i. 123 -, Richard, ii. 228, 229 , Arthur, iii. 121 Gordon, John, Earl of Aberdeen, iii. i6i Gorges, Sir William, ii. 180 Goring, Sir Geo., Earl of Norwich, i. 203, 205; ii. 17, 94, 156 -, Hon. Sir George, i. 253, 259 Gormage John, ii. 1o0 Gossen, William, iii. 314, 322 Governatore, i. 73 Gowan, Barons. See Cutts Gowen, Jeremy, ii. 228, 229 Gower, Leveson, iii. 165 , Dr. Humphrey, Vice-chancellor of Cambridge University, iii. 8, 13, 14, 26, 32 Gowing, J., ii. 102 Grafton, Ansitor, i. 244 , Ralph, ii. 158, 170 , Dukes of. See Fitzroy Graham, Sir Richard, i. 233, 234, 239, 242 -, Sir George, iii. 79 - , Richard, Viscount Preston, iii. 59, 79, '73 -, Mr., iii. 369 Grammar School, Newmarket, endowed by Charles II., iii. 95 Grammont, Count de, iii. 1oi Grandison, Viscount. See Villiers '-Grand Old Man," the original. See Ovin Granger, -, ii. 230 Grantham's, Lady, race-course. .See Lincoln Gray, Lord, i. 219, 220. -, Thomas, ii. 229, 230 -, James, iii. 286 Green, -, ii. 232 -, Thomas, ii. 157 Green Cloth, the Board of, at New- market, temp. Charles I., ii. 8 "Green Man " Inn, Six-Mile-Bottom, kept by the Duke of Buckingham and the Earl of Rochester, ii. 381 -, at Wanstead, iii. 101, 215 Greene, Haggas, i. 123 Greene, Francis, ii. 231 , Henry, i. 123 Richard, i. 123, 127 -, Robert, i. 123 Thomas, i. 123 Gregory, Ralph, ii. 228, 229 Grent, Dr. Thomas, ii. 14 Grenville, Sir Fluke, Baron Brooke, Chancellor of the Exchequer, i. 245, 246, 266 -, Robert, 2nd Baron Brooke, ii. 18o - , Robert, 4th Baron Brooke, iii. 378 -, Sir Fluke, i. 113 , Earl of Warwick, ii. 178 Grey, Lady Jane, i. 293 -, Sir William, Bart., Lord Grey of Werke, i. 253, 259 , Thomas, Lord Grey of Groby, 2nd Earl of Stamford, ii. 173, 174, 179, 180; iii. 369 -, Thomas, underkeeper of the palace and garden at Newmarket, 1X. 3 , Lord, ii. 271; iii. 201 -, Henry, iii. 8o "Greyhound " Inn, at Newmarket, ii. 69, 75, 114, 115 Greyhounds. See Dogs, sporting Griffin, Sir Ric., i. 269 Sir Edward, Lord Braybrooke, ii. 253, 330, 337, 366, 367; iii. 25, 90, 135, 149, 195, 261 -, Edward, iii. x50 -, Henry, iii. i96, 356 "Griffin," the, Inn, at Newmarket, purchased by James I., i. 144, 147, 148 Griffith, Lancelot, ii. 272 -, Edward, iii. 135 Griggs, William, ii. 231 Grymes, Richard, ii. 71 Groom Porter, functions of the, iii. 372 Grosse, Sir Chas., i. 271 Grosvenor, Sir Richard, Bart., i. 52 , Earl, ii. 82 , Robert, 2nd Marquis of West- minster, iii. 247 -, Sir Richard, jun., i. 337 400 IlADEX. Grosvenor family, i. 327 -, Hugh Lupus, ist Duke of West- minster, iii. 177 Guards, the Royal, at Newmarket, ii. 251, 358, 373; iii. 44, 66, 70, 77, 203, 204, 211, 212, 215, 220, 223, 226, 287; at Datchet races, Aug. 1684, 189 Guise, Duchess of, i. i8o -, Duke of, ii. i86 Gulston, Sir W., ii. 362 Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, ii. i8 Gwynn, Nell, iii. 6, 17-19, 34, 37, 73 , Francis, iii. 67, 196 , Sir Rowland, iii. 201 H Haberow, John, ii. 78 Hacket, Bishop, i. I53 Haddington, Earl of. See Hamilton - , Lord. See Ramsay Haddington, races at, temp. Elizabeth, i. 100, 102 Hadham Hall, Herts, William III. at, iii. 217 Hagar, John, ii. 39 Hague, the, races at, temp. Charles I., ii. 151 Hale, Chief Justice, judgment in a betting case, iii. 371 Hales, Sir Edw., i. 19i Halifax, Marquis of. See Saville Hall, Bishop, i. 105 General, i. 294 , W. H., i. 294 Hambleton, races at, temp. James I., i. 67; temp. Charles I., ii. 153 Hamerton, R., i. 147, 289, 290 Hamilton, James, Duke of Hamilton and Brandon, M. H., i. 310, 316, 317; ii- 17, 19, 21, 44, 66, 156 -, Anne, Duchess of Hamilton, ii. 21 , Count Anthony, iii. 87, 102 -, George, ii. 243 , James, Earl of Abercorn, i. 360, 361 Hamilton, James, 2nd Marquis of, K. G., i. 202, 203, 204, 224, 286, 219, 220 - , Lord Claud, Baron Paisley, i. 360 , Lord George, ist Earl of Orkney, iii. 213 , Lord, i. 1o0 -, Sir Thos., of Priestfield, Lord Drumcairn, Lord Binning, Viscount Haddington, Earl of Haddington, and Earl of Melrose, i. 216, 217, 282 -, William, 12th Duke of, K.T., ii. 82 Hammond, Colonel, ii. 56 -, or Hamonde, William, i. 125, 126, 127, 128 Hampden, R., iii. 197, 271 Hampton Court, Royal stud at, i. 114, 287; ii. 172,311,340; iii.235,361; races at, temp. James II., 249, 250; temp. William III., 314, 325 Hanbury, Mr., iii. 126 Hanslope, Bucks, races at, temp. Wil- liam III., iii. 327, 336 Harbingers, duty of, at Newmarket, iii. 58 Harborough, Earls of. See Sherard Hardwicke, Lord Chancellor, ii. 183 Hare, Sir John, i. 272 Hare Park, Newmarket. See the New Warren Hares, etc., turned down at Newmarket, temp. James I., i. 218, 249; temp. Charles I., ii. 4 Harewood, Earls of. See Lacells Harington, Sir James, i. 226 -, Sir John, i. 226 Harleston Heath, races on, temp. Charles II. See Northampton Harman, Thomas, iii. 352 Harpley, pedestrian, temp. Charles II., ii. 368 Harriers, Master of, temp. Charles II. See Elliot, Thomas Harrington, Sir John, i 317 - , Barnaby, ii. 154 Harris, Rev. Sir Albert, i. 123 - , Sir Frank, ii. 270 Harsnett, Roger, ii. 304 VOL. III. 401 2 D INDEX. Harte, Edward, i. 193 Hart, Charles, iii. 17 -, Mr., iii. 323 Hartop, Sir Thos., i. 273 Harvey, Dr. William, ii. 20, 23 , Richard, iii. 19 -, Thomas, ii. 233 -, Josh., iii. i6 Mr., iii. 214, 2i6, 224, 225 Harwood, Sir Edward, ii. 117 Haselrigg, Sir Arthur, ii. 172, 173, 180- 182 Hastings, Barons. See Astley Hattfield, Josh., ii. 232 Hatton, Sir Christopher, Lord Chan- cellor, i. 317 -, Christopher, 2nd Lord Hatton, i. 341, 342; iii- 13, 355 , Sir Thomas, ii. 31, 241 , Lord, ii. 301 , Lady, ii. 358 Hauers, or Havers, John, ii. 128, 129 Haviland, Jas., i. 87 -, Sir William, i. 192 Hawarden, i. 66 Hawking. See Falconry Hawkins, J. S., i. 324 Hawksworth, Dr., iii. 46, 49 Hay, Anne, Countess of Bedford, i. i86 , Francis, Earl of Erroll, i. 216 , James, Viscount Doncaster, Earl of Carlisle, i. 219, 221 ; ii. 13 , Lord, i. 184 , Sir Alexander, i. 152, 216 , Archibald, gentleman usher, ii. 17, 23 -, Sir James, 7th Lord Hay of Yester, i. 213 Hay, price of, in Newmarket, temp. Charles II., ii. 337 Hayes, Lord, i. 283 , Sir Geo., i. 272 , Sir Nic., i. 269 , John, iii. 286 Hazelwood, Sir William, iii. 126 Headeley, Wm., i. 125 Hearicke, Count, i. i6i Hearth Tax, at Newmarket, temp Charles II., ii. 228-235 -, in Ireland, ii. 263 Heath House, Newmarket, iii. 194 Heath, Mr. Topp, i. 344 Heborne, John, i. 209 Heinsius, the Pensionary, iii. 219, 220 Hele, Sir John, ii. 290 Hemings, Luke, ii. 316 Henning, C. F., iii. 231 Henrietta Maria, Queen, consort of Charles I., i. 51, 224, 264; ii. 15, 18, 20, 23, 25, 27, 33, 46, 67, 95, 106, 109, 138, 148, 156, 175, i86, 197. 233, 243, 289; iii. 52, 85-87, 173 -, Duchess of Orleans, ii. 274, 275, 308, 309; iii. 257 Henry II., progress of the turf, temp., i. 23 - VIII. as a turfite, i. 59, 6i ; his studs and horses, 71, 80; his racing colours, 60; as a gamester, 80; sport- ing accessories belonging to, ii. 42 -, Prince of Wales, eldest son of James I., i. 157, 163, 181, 205, 280, 299, 318, 332 Henshaw, Mr., F.R. S., ii. 262 Herbert, Countess, Dowager of Pem- broke, i. 141 -, Edward, Lord, of Cherbury, i. io6 -, Lady Elizabeth, of Cherbury, iii. 67, 81, 82 -, Edward, 3rd Lord of Cherbury, iii. 81 -, Henry, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, K.G., i. 86, go, 151, 283; ii. 120 -, Henry, iii. 200 , Philip, 4th Earl of Pembroke and ist Earl of Montgomery, K.G., i. 183, 202, 273, 280, 282, 286, 318, 321, 338, 340; ii. 18, 46, 47, 148, 178, i91, 260 -, Philip, 7th Earl of Pembroke and 4th Earl of Montgomery, ii. 368; iUL 140, 149, 151, 152 , Sir Jasper, i. 271 , Hon. James, iii. 8i , Sir Henry, Master of the Revels, iii. io6 - , Sir Richard, Groom Porter, iii. 107 -, William, 1st Earl of Pembroke, i. 318, 353; ii. 121 402 INDEX. Herbert, William, 6th Earl of Pem- broke and 3rd Earl of Montgomery, iii. 151 -, Thomas, 8th Earl of Pembroke and 5th Earl of Montgomery, iii. 152 Herring fishery, British monopoly of, i. 2o8 Herrings, red, bequest of, to the poor of Newmarket, ii. 115 Herriott, Geo., i. 174, 244 Hertford, Earl of. See Clare -, Marquis of. See Seymour Hervey, I., iii. 286 Hevingham, Mr., Mayor of Thetford, ii. 354; iii. 44 Hewet, Sir Wm., i. 269; ii. 254 -, Thomas, ii- 251 Hewson, Colonel, ii. 2i6 Heywood, Robert, H. E., Governor of the Isle of Man, iii. 252 Hichinbrook, Charles I. a prisoner at, ii. 50; James I. at (see Huntingdon) Hicks, Edw., M.P., i. 293 -, Lewis, keeper of the wild fowl at Newmarket, to Charles II., ii. 225 -, Rev. James, i. 293 Hide, Thomas, keeper of the wardrobe at Newmarket Palace, ii. 43, 44, 77 High Common, Ripon, corporation race-course, temp. Queen Anne, iii. 129 Highwaymen at Newmarket, i. 237; ii. 351, 360, 368, 370, 373; iii- 20, 41, 43, 76, 197, 210 High Wycomb, Bucks, races at, temp. William III., iii. 302, 304, 306 Hildersham, Thomas, ii. 82 Hill, Sir Moses, 271 Hilton, Mr., ii. 324 Hinde, Parson, i. 321 Hinton, Sir John, ii. 304 Hitchen, races near, in the 17th cen- tury. See Lilly Hoo Hitches, ii. 230 Hoare, Nich., i. 174 -, Richard, iii. 74, 198, 236 Hobart, Sir John, Bart., i. 223 Hockrell, Herts, iii. 213, 223 Holderness, Earl of. See Ramsay Holinshed, R., description of horses in England, temp. Elizabeth, i. 117 Holland, Earl of. See Rich -, Mr., iii. 371 Hollis, Lady Arabella, Countess of Strafford, ii. 34 Holly and ivy for Newmarket Palace, ii. 296, 356; iii. i6, 84 Holme, Alderman Randel, iii. 115 Home, David, of Wedderburn, i. iol, 103 - Earl of, ii. 149 Home Rule, temp. James I., i. 237; temp. Commonwealth, ii. 209; Amp. Charles II., iii. 1I5 Honslow Heath, highwaymen on, temp. William III., iii. 210 Honywood, Sir Thomas, ii. 246 Hopton, Sir Richard, ii. 241 Hore, John, ii. 50 "Horns," the, at Newport, Essex, iii. 73 Horse-bread, i. 29, 109, 120, 121; ii. 321; iii. 154, 269 Horse distemper in 1699, iii. 223 Horse-fairs, famous, in the 17th cen- tury, ii. 191, 295 ; iii. 113, 119, 122, 129, 132, 182, 202, 302, 306, 311, 315 Horseheath, i. 49, 51 Horsemanship, writers on, in the 17th century, i. 107, 103; ii. 184-193, 210 Horse, Masters of the. See Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester; James, Duke of Hamilton; George Villiers, ist Duke of Buckingham; Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle; George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buck- ingham ; James, Duke of Monmouth; Charles Lennox, ist Duke of Rich- mond; D'Auverquerque, Duke of Nassau Horses, British, i. 8; taxed by the Romans, 9, ii; Eastern, imported by the Romans, 21; Anglo-Saxon, 21, 22; Arabian, 21; statutes affect- ing, 29, 33; numerous at baronial and monastic establishments, 28; eques Britannieus, 30; Henry VII I., 59, 80; monastic race, 62; celebrated 403 INDEX. racers on the turf, tep.o James I., 300, 301, 346, 347; importance at- tached to breeding, temp. James I., 302, 311, 303; Arabian, 304, 305, 307, 310; ii. 55, 142, 159, i6i, 190, 213; iii. 25, 94, II6, 349-354, 357, 358, 361-367 Horseshoes, ii. 202; iii. i6i Horse show, temp. Charles II., iii. i82, temp. James II., iii. 248 - stealers, ii. 202, 268; iii. 357- 359 Horse-whipping, royal, on Newmarket Heath, iii. i99 Houghton, Sir R., ii. 30 , William, ii. 251 Hounds, etc. (see Dogs, races for, iii. 154 (2), 304 Howard, Charles, i. 270 sporting); 184, 241, -, Charles, of Greystoke, ii. 179 , Charles, ist Earl of Carlisle, iii. 79 -, Charles, 4th Earl of Carlisle, iii. 214, 216, 371 -, Col., iii. 140 -, Colonel Thomas, ii. 251 , Countess of Suffolk, ii. 300 , Essex, Lady Griffin, iii. 26i , Francis, of Corby, iii. 270 -, Francis, 5th Baron of Effingham, iii. 77 , George, 4th Earl of Suffolk, iii. 262 - , Henry, Earl of Suffolk and Berk- shire, ii. 245 , Henry, of Corby, iii. 72 , Henry, 5th Earl of Suffolk, ii. 263 , Henry, 7th Duke of Norfolk, K.G., iii. 222 - , Henry, i8th Earl of Suffolk and i ith Earl of Berkshire, iii. 262 - , Hon. Bernard, ii. 254, 257, 283, 288, 314, 371, 372; iii. 157, 173, 185, 235, 239, 256, 257, 260 -, Hon. Charles, ii. 205 , Hon. Edward, iii. 99 -, Hon. Sir Robert, ii. 335, 371 iii. 197, 198, 261, 293, 294, 304 Howard, James, 3rd Earl of Suffolk, ii. 62, 240, 244, 252, 254, 26i, 262, 263, 328, 379; iii. 59, 65, 66, 260-267 , John, of Dullingham, ii. 82 -, Lady Eliz., Countess of Banbury, i. 191 , Lady Frances, i. 182, 184, i86, 220, 262 -, Lord Charles, 4th Baron Howard of Escrick, iii. 82 -, Lord Edward, ist Baron Howard of Escrick, ii. 173, 178, 179 , Lord Thomas, Earl of Arundel and Norfolk, i. 86, 92, 113, 202, 248 - , Lord Thomas, ist Earl of Suffolk, i. 159, i6o, i6i, i68, 202; ii. 178, 260 -, Lord Thomas, 2nd Baron Howard of Escrick, iii. 71 -, Lord William (" Belted Will "), i. 86, 92, 348, 351; ii. 246; iii. 260 -, Lord William, 3rd Baron Howard of Escrick, iii. 71, 72 -, Robert, ii. 233 , Sir Charles, 3rd Earl of Notting- ham, iii. 57, 77 , Sir Robert, i. 264 . , Sir Thomas, K.G., i. 213, 214 - Sir William, ii. 149 -, Theophilus, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, i. i60, 248; iii. 120 -, Theophilus, 2nd Lord Howard de Walden, i. 167, 168, 202, 247, 321 ii. 324 , Thomas, 4th Duke of Norfolk, K.G., i. 92; (see Corrections and Additions), 191, 320, 349; ii. 82 -, Thomas, Earl of Berkshire, iii. 294 Howe, J. G., i. 321 -, Sir Scroope, iii. 371 (2) Howes, Edmond, i. 314 Howlett, John, i. 298; ii. 101 -, Robert, ii. 233 Howth, Earls of. -See St. Lawrence Hubbarts, Sir John, ii. 311 Huddleston, Sir John, i. 293 -, Sir Robert, ii. 28, 29, 35 404 INDEX. Huddleston, Capt. Thos., iii. 252 Hudibras, ii. 2i6 Hudson, John, i. 127 -, Col. the Rev. Michael, M.A., D.D., Scout Master General, ii. 17, 48, 129-142 -, Mr., bequest to the poor of New- market, ii. 114 -, Gawen, iii. ii6 Huffe, widow, ii. 231 Huggon, Sir Thomas, i. 269 Hughes, Mrs., iii. 97 Hume, John, i. 252 Col., iii. 371 , Sir Geo., Earl of Dunbar, i. i5o, 15I, i68 Humfrey, Josh., ii. 79 Hungerford, Edward, i. 262 , Sir Edward, i. 94 , Sir Walter, i. 86, 93 Hunsdon, Lord. See Carey Hunt-dinners, cost of, in Windsor Forest, temp. James II., iii. 235 Hunting by torch-light, temp. James II., iii. 293 Huntingdon, Earl of, iii. 28, 67 Huntingdon, hunting-match at, i. 97, 142; races at, temp. Elizabeth, i. 96; royal visits to, i. 96; ii. 64 Hunting-matches, i. 97, 142; iii. ISO Hunting surgeon to James II., iii. 196, 235 Huntley, Marquis of, ii. 149 Hunwicke Moor, Durham, races at, temp. Charles II., iii. 1og Hurley, Berks, races at, temp. William III., iii. 300 Hush, John, ii. 229, 230 Huske, John, ii. 102; iii. 71 -, Josh., ii. 232 Hussey, Sir Charles, i. 271 Hutton, Bishop, i. 343, 345 Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon, ii. 245, 275; iii. 242, 264 -, Henry, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, iii. 5, 12, 13, 24, 150, 152, 153, 242- 244, 304 -, Lawrence, 2nd Earl of Rochester, ii. 366; iii. 58, 65, 66, 74, 242, 243 Hyde Park, London, races in, temp. Charles I., ii. 128, I42; temp. Charles II., iii. 163; cattle market in, 59; cost of watering, 361 ; deer in, i. 262; iii. 42; highwaymen in, 210; (mentioned), ii. I78, 287 Hynd, Mr., i. 96 Inchiquin, Lord. See O'Brien Ingelby, Sir Wm., i. 305 Ingoldesthorpes, family of, ii. 8i Ingram, Sir Thomas, ii. 45 , Sir Arthur, ii. 48 Inns at Winchester prohibited by the Corporation to charge for lodgings during the races, iii. 158 Ireland, project to establish races in, temp. Charles II., iii. 11 1-1 14; teMP. James II., 242-244; temp. William III., 280 Ireton, Mr., iii. 370 (2) Irish jaunting-cars, races with, iii. I i1 frieze, 342; whiskey, 342 Isabella, the Archduchess, ii. 9 -, Princess, daughter of James I1., iii. I50 Isham, Thos., ii. 315 Isle of Man, races in, in the 17th century, iii. 250 Izinson, Mr.. ii. 369 3 James, Duke of York (afterwards James II.), ii. 171, 172, 224, 233, 260, 264, 265, 269, 270, 273, 274, 277, 279, 28I, 283, 284, 286, 287, 288, 289, 295, 300, 303, 306, 312, 318, 323, 326, 332, 334, 336, 340, 344, 346, 347, 361, 362, 363, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 372, 373, 375, 376, 377, 378; iii- 4, 12, 14, 15, i8, 19, 20, 21, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 34, 36, 38, 41, 42, 43, 48, 49, 57, 6i, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 71, 72, 73, 76, 77, 78, 82, 83, 88, 89, 90, 91, 97, 109, I37, 150, t58, i6i, 163, 175, 176, 179, 186, 187, 189, 194, 354, 377 405 IYVDEX. James I., at Huntingdon, i. 97; portrait of, at a race-meeting, 335; present at races in Scotland, temp. Elizabeth, 99; received a present of horses and hounds from Queen Elizabeth, ioo; at Durham races, 344; at New- market (see Royal visits to) James I., King, iii. I94; personal reference to, passim ; progress of the turf, tenup., 233; memoir of, as a sportsman, 234 Jarre, Chevalier de, wins 3000 from Charles I. at tennis, ii. 148 Jaxson, or Jackson, Thomas, i. 125; ii. 102 , Jas., ii. 232 Jeaffreson, Col. John, ii. 82 " Jedburgh-justice, " i. 350 Jeffries, Judge, iii. 74, 75, 381 Jenison, Mr., iii. 136 Jenkins, Sir Lionel, 333, 334, 335; iii. 5, ,21, 22, 63, 65, 71, 143, 170, 179 -, Mr., iii. 257 Jennings, Mr., iii. 224, 288 , Sir Jonathan, iii. 271 Jennison, Rob., iii. 317 Jermyn, Henry, Earl of St. Albans, i. 177; ii. 275, 283; iii. 57, 85-87 -, Henry, Baron Dover, iii. 57 -, Mr., iii. 356 Sir Thomas, i. 175, 177; iii. 85 , Thomas, 2nd Lord Jermyn, i. 177 Jersey, Earl of. See Villiers Jesse, Goodwife, ii. 230 Jockeys, temtp. Henry VIII., i. 60; Scotch, 60; wages and rewards of, 6i ; temp. Elizabeth, 114; temip. James I., 238, 239, 302, 335; temp. Charles I., ii. 6, '44, I57, 189; temp. Charles II., 226, 237, 374; iii. 13, 58, 60, 6i, 99, 100, 123, i6i ; temzp. William III., 216, 237, 261 John, King, Eastern blood imported by, i. 23 -, Don, of Austria, ii. i85 Johnson, Thos., gamekeeper at New- market, i. 249, 250 -, Thos., ii. 350 Johnson, Sir Henry, iii. 370 Jollyvet, Mr., iii. 366 Jones, Col., ii. 171, 246 -, Charles, 4th Viscount Ranelagh, iii. 76 Dr. John, iii. 174 John, Apothecary to the House- hold, temp. William III., iii. 200 , Richard, 3rd Viscount Ranelagh, iii. 57, 60, 75, 76 Jonson, Ben, i. 300; ii. 195; iii. 130 Joyce, Capt., ii. 50 Judge, the, duties of, at races, temp. William III., iii. 285 Julian, Gregory, ii. x57, i6i, 171, 172, 173 Jure, John, ii. 102 K Kaye, Thos., i. 174 Kemp, Sir Rob., i. 271 Keene, Bishop, i. 357 , Col., i. 357 Keeting, Chief Justice, ii. 270 Keith, Wm., ii. 149 Kempton Park, rent of, in the 17th century, iii. 54 Kendrick, Col., ii. 204 Kenilworth, races at, temp. Charles II., iii. 181 Kennet, Newmarket, ii. 99 Kensington, Baron. See Rich Keppel, Arnold Joost, Von, ist Earl of Albemarle, iii. 200, 213, 223, 226 Ker, Col. Robert, ii. 241 Kerry, Ric., gamekeeper to James I. at Hampton Court, i. 256 Kildare, races in. See The Curragh Kilkenny horses, iii. 348 Killigrew, Sir Josh., i. 270 Charles, ii. 375 Sir Peter, iii. 53 , Thomas, iii. 32, 51-54, 377, 379 -, Sir Wm., i. 237 Bob, iii. 6i -, Henry, iii. 53 -, Sir Robert, iii. 52, 263 406 INDEX. Killingworth Moor, races on. See New- castle Kimberley, Lord. See Woodhouse Kimbolton, ii. 267 King, Joan, i. 125, 127 -, John, i. 127 , Mr., iii. 301 , P. S., i. 357 "King's Arms," the, Manchester, iii. 246 King's Evil, the, ii. 285, 290, 291 ; iii. 41, 42 King's gate, Holborn, Charles II.'s, carriage upset at, ii. 274 "King's Head " Inn, Aylesbury, iii. 328 Kingston, 6th Earl and ist Duke of. See Pirrepont Kirke, Geo., ii. 256; iii. 78 -, Mary, burnt to death at New- market, March, x683, iii. 70 -, John, iii. 70 Kirkhoven, Lord, i. i9i Kirtling, Princess Elizabeth imprisoned at, i. 128 Knavesmire, the (see York), i. 67; ii. 154 Knevitt, Sir Thos., ii. 6o, 178 Knightly, Sir F., i. 271 Knight, Surgeon John, ii. 304, 312 , Mary, iii. 34, 37 - Sir John, iii. 60 Knollys, William, Earl of Banbury, K.G., i. i8i, 19i, i92 -, Sir Francis, K.G., iii. 171 - Sir Robert, iii. 171 Knyvet, Lord, i. 148 Kuerden, Dr., i. 355 Kyrby, John, i. 126, 127 Kyrley, John, i. 124 L Lacells, Edmund, i. t5o Lackenby, Simon, iii. 178 Lackford, iii. 76 Lacy, Sir Rob., i. 272 Lady. Place, Berks, Whig plots at, temp. James II., iii. 138 Lake, Sir Thomas, Secretary of State, for the sporting journeys, to James I., i. 148, 149, 152, 155, 165, I96, 222 Lalam Common, Middlesex, races on in the 17th century. See Staines Lamasber, Thomas, ii. iox Lamb, Sir John, ii. 175 Lambert, Col., ii. 56 -, General, iii. 117 Lambert, General, ii. i8i Lambourne, Berks, races at, temp. William III., iii. 300 Lambton, William, M. P., iii. 317 Lamplough, Sir Geo., i. 271 -, Wm., i. 249 Lampton, John, i. 313 -, Sir Wm., i. 270 Lancashire, races in, temp. James I., i. 329 Lancaster, races at, temip. William III., iii. 332 Lancaster, Timothy, i. 298 Landgrave Fort, Harwich, defeat of the Dutch at, temp. Charles II., iii. 266 Langhorn, General, ii. 129, 139 Langton Wolds, Yorkshire, races on, temp. William III. See Malton Langwathby (Cumberland), races at, temp. James I., i. 328, 348 Latimer, William de, i. 34 Laud, Archbishop, i. 264; ii. i9i Lauderdale, Duke of, ii. 275; iii. 53, 377 Lavender water and roses for the royal wardrobe at Newmarket Palace, ii. 87, 88 Lavington, Wilts, races at, temp. William III., iii. 334 Lawes, John, i. 353 Lawrence, Sir Edward, ii. 371 Lawson, Sir George, i. 60, 63 -, Sir John, iii. 271 Lazenbye, Thos., marshall farrier to the hunting-horses of James I., i. i65 Leasowe Castle, Cheshire, iii. 246 Leasowe, race-course at, i. 336; race- stand at, temp. Elizabeth, 337 Leather fair, the, Ripon, iii. 311 Lee, Charlotte, Countess of Lichfield, ii. 6, 30, 42, 49, 6i, 62, 63, 83, i86 407 INDEX. Lee, Mr., iii. 6i -, pedestrian, temp. Charles II., iii. 109 -, Lord Mayor, i. 322 Leech, John, ii. io8 Leeds, Duke of. See Osborne Leeds, races at, temp. Charles II., iii. i58; temp. James II., 249 Leek, Robert, 3rd Earl of Scarsdale, iii. 28, 369 Legard, Sir John, Bart., iii. 132, 133 Legatt, Henry, ii. 315 Legg, Capt., iii. 21 Legh, Richard, of Lyme, iii. 141, 142- 144 Leicester, Earls of. See Cecil, Montfort, and Sydney Leigh, Sir Frs., i. 270 -, Francis, Baron Dunsmore and Earl of Chichester, i. 272; ii. 46, 48, 96; iii. 8i Leighton, Sir John, i. 271 Leith, races at, temp. Charles II., iii. 107, i6i Lempriere, Mr., ii. 158 Lennox, Charles, ist Duke of Rich- mond, K.G., iii. 6i, 79-82, 196, 216, 286, 356 -, Duke of. See Stuart Lenthall, Sir John, iii. 150, 152 Leopold, Arch-Duke, ii. i88 L'Estrange, Sir Roger, iii. 179 Levee held at Newmarket by William III., iii. 223 Levitt (or Lovitt), George, keeper of Newmarket Palace, ii. 12 -, Thos., ii. 12, 22, 26, 27, 83 -, Rev. B., ii. 238, 239 Lewvis, Lady Theresa, ii. i9 Lewknor, Sir Edw., i. 270, (2) -, Sir Lewis, i. 195, 219 Ley, James, ist Earl of Marlborough, ii. 4, 5, 254 Licence, wvine, for a Newmarket tavern, temp. Charles I., ii. 91 Lichfield, Earl of. See Lee Lichfield, races at, temnp. Charles II., iii. 137, 165; temp. James II., 241 hunting in the forest near, 241 Liddell, Henry, iii. 317 Liddington, races at, temp. Charles I., ii. 129 Lilburn, Col., ii. i8i Lilly Hoo, Herts, races at, temp. William III., iii. 274-277, 308, 312, 315, 321, 322, 332, 333 Lincoln, races at, temp. James I., i. 328, 352; temp. Charles II., iii. 154, 188; temp. James II., 241; temp. William III., 313, 314, 318, 338; the King's stand at, i. 352 Lindsey, Rob., keeper of Newmarket Palace, ii. 27, 36, 43 , Adam, iii. 207 , Earl of. See Bertie Linkyn, Rob., ii. io6 Linton (Cambs.), races at, temnp. James I., i. 323, 329, 357 Lisle, Col., iii. 123, 124, 126, 128 -, or L'Isle, Viscount. See Sydney Lister, Mr., iii. 214 Liveries for the muleteer corps of William III., iii. 370 Liverpool, races at, tenmb. James I., i. 329, 337, 353, 356; temp. Charles II., iii. 122 "Lobster Regiment," the, ii. i8o Locke, John, iii. 380 Lockhart, H. E. Col., ii. 213 Lodgings, price of, at Winchester races, temp. Charles II., iii. 158, i86 Loftus, Mr., i. 347 London, Geo., iii. 218 "London Post " newspaper, temp. Com- monwealth, ii. 129; report of a horse race from it, c. 1635, 131 Long, Sir L., ii. 208 - , Rev. Mr., iii. 225 Longevill, Sir Mich., i. 271 Longueville, Duke of, i. 71 Lonsdale, Earls of. See Lowther Loo Palace, Holland, ii. 263 Lords, House of, abolished, ii. 177 Lothian, Marquis of. See Carr (Andrew) Louis XII., King of France, i. 68, 69 - XIII., King of France, i. 251 -, XIV., King of France, ii. 279; iii. 15, 62, 77, 146, 171, 172, 173, 220, 257, 368, 369 INDEX. Louth, Lincolnshire, races near, temp. Charles II. See Tathwell Lovelace, Anne Wentworth, dowager lady, iii. x34, 137 , John, 3rd Baron, iii. I37, 138, 139, I49, I51, 271, 272, 273, 300, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306 Lovel, Lord. See Parker Loven, John, ii. 303 Lowe, Frs., ii. 30 Lowther, Sir John, ii. 330, 339; iii. 197, 369, 370 Lucas, Robert, 3rd Baron Lucas, iii. 213, 224 -, Sir Chas., ii. 197 Ludwick, Prince, ii. 174 Lumley, Richard, ist Earl of Scar- borough, iii. 213 Lydall, Sir Thos., i. 272 Lyttleton, Lord Keeper, i. 259 , Sir Charles, ii. 301 ; iii. 13, 23, i87 M Macclesfield, Earl of. See Gerard Macdonald, Randal, Earl of Antrim, i. i86 Machel, Rev. Thomas, iii. 96 , Capt. J. 0., iii. 96 Maddocks, Master, i. 344 Maddox, Mr., killed by the Earl of Eglinton at Doncaster, iii. 329 Maestrich, siege of, iii. 77, 175 Magalotti, Count Lorenso, ii. 279 "Maidenhead" Inn, the, Newmarket, ii. I15, 280; bequest to the poor of the town chargeable on, I 15 Maids of Honour, the, at Newmarket, ii. 267 Mainwaring, Sir Philip, i. 202, 205 John, iii. i69 Sir George, iii. 171 Malt, Chancery suit concerning, at Newmarket, temp. Elizabeth, i. 123 Maltop, Yorks., races at, temp. William III., iii. 306, 340 Manchester, Duke of. See Montagu Manchester, races at, temp. James II., iii. 246, 249; temp. William III., 324, 327 Mandeville, William de, ii. 6o Man, George, keeper of Newmarket Palace, temwzp. James II., iii. 195, 196 Manheim, siege of, i. 236 Man, Isle of, races in, temp. Charles II. and James II., iii. 250-253 Manners, Charles, Duke of Rutland, i. 49 -, Eliz., Baroness de Ros, i, i86 Francis, 6th Earl of Rutland, K.G., i. 142, 143, i8o, i86, 187, 195, 212, 324; iii. 253 Geo., 7th Earl of Rutland, i. 187 , John Henry, Duke of Rutland, i. 49 , John, Marquis of Granby, i. 49, 187 -, John, 4th Earl of Rutland, i. i86 Mann, Jeremy, iii. 356 Mansells of Glamorganshire, iii. iog Mansel, Sir R., i. 285; ii. 19, 21 Mansfeldt, Count Earnest de, i. 255 Mantua, Duke of, i. 31 ; horses obtained from his stud by Henry VIII. worth their weight in silver, 72 -, Marquis of, his studs, i. 71, 79 races at, i. 30 March, Richard, ii. 82 Margaret, Queen, at Newmarket, i. 34 Maria, Donna, Infanta of Spain, i. 244, 253, 256 Markant, John, i. 122; ii. 114 -, Rob., i. 126 , Thos., i. 124 Markeham, John, grocer, of Newmarket, A.D. 1558, i. 126, 127 -, John, mercer, of Newmarket, A.D. 1563, 127 Market Drayton, Salop, races near, temp. William III., iii. 337 Market Rowell, Northampton, races at, tentp. William III., iii. 323 Markham, Arabian, the, i. 303; ii. 190 , Clement R., ii. 46 , George, i. 303 -, Jervis, i. 107, 113 409 INDEX. Marlborough, Earl of. See Ley Dukes of. See Churchill Marr, Earl of. See Erskine Marshal, Joshua, ii. 329 Marshall, Sir Geo., i. 239, 240; ii. 157 -, Richard, stud-master to William III., iii. 361-367, 371 Marsten, Wm., i. 222 Marten, Lawrence, i. 125 Martin, Wim., ii. 277 Marwell, Mr., i. 353 Mary Beatrice, Princess-Consort of James, Duke of York, ii. 375, 376, 378; iii. 57, 59, 62, 65, 66, 67, 78, 150, i86 Mary, Princess, of York, ii. 345-348 Mary, Princess, ii. 30 Maryborough, Viscount. See Molineux Massey, Alice, ii. 297 Edward, iii. I 6, 117 Sir William, iii. 117 Massingbred, John, ii. 27I Mason, Matt., i. 218 W, illiam, ii. 233 -, Mr., iii. 140 Master, Si. Thos., i. 272 Masters, the, jockeys, temp. Charles II., 111. 01 Matchett, Josh., ii. 232 Mathew, Dr. Tobie, Archbishop of York, i. 321 Matting, rush-, provided for Newmarket Palace, i. 278, 280, 285; ii. 65 Maurice, Prince, iii. 140 Mausant, Rob., i. 125 Mawson, John, iii. 134 Maxwell, Chas., i. 224 May, Hugh, i. i67 -, Hugh, comptroller of Works and Buildings, ii. 329 -, Mr., ii. 254, 300, 324, 326, 371, 373; iii. 6o Robert, ii. 270 Sir Humphrey, i. 270 Maynard, Mr., iii. 214, 2i6 Sir Henry, ii. i24 Mayott, Mr., iii. 299 Mazarin, Cardinal, ii. 213; iii. 295 -, Duchess de, iii. 17, 57, 59, 67, 295, 296, 342, 372, 378 Mead, Sir John, i. 272 , Rev. Joseph, ii. 7 Meadows, Sir Philip, ii. 51 Meath, Earls of. See Brabazon Medlycott, Edmund, ii. 321 Melchin, de, Madam, iii. 359 Melrose, Earl of. See Hamilton Melsham Common, Wilts, races on, temp. William III., iii. 299, 301 Memoirs and Biographical Notices of- Agertine (family), i. 41-48 Alington (family), i. 48-52 Andrews, Bishop, i. i44 Apsley, Sir Allen, ii. 224 Armourer, Sir Nicholas, ii. 266 Arundel, Richard, Baron Arundel, ii. 276 Arundell, Sir Matthew, i. 95 Assheton (family), i. 354 Astley, Sir Jacob, ii. 149 Aston, Sir Roger, i. 159 Bacon, Sir Nicholas, Bart., i. 176 Baynton, Sir Edward, K.B., ii. 124 Bennet, Henry, Baron Arlington, Vis- count Thetford, and Earl Arling- ton, 308 Berkeley, George, 9th Baron and ist Earl of, ii. 271 Blundell, Sir George, Bart., iii. 83 Bowes, Sir George, i. 348 Boyle, Charles, Baron Clifford, iii. 79 Brabazon, Sir Edward, ist Baron Brabazon, i. I87 Brouncker, William, Viscount Castle Lyons, iii. 36 Browne, Francis, 3rd Viscount Mon- tague, ii. 327 Bruce, Robert, Earl of Ailesbury, iii. 83 Burges, Giles, 3rd Baron Chandos, i. 92 Butler, Sir Walter, I ith Earl of Or- mond, i. 177 -, Edmund, 4th Viscount Mount- garret, ii. 254 -, James, ist Duke of Ormond, K.G., ii. 269 -, Lord Richard, Earl of Arran, iii. 77 410 INDEX. Memoirs and Biographical Notices of- Calvert, Sir George, Baron Baltimore, i. 263 Carey, Sir Robert, Baron Carey and Earl of Monmouth, i. 138 , Henry, 4th Baron Hunsdon and ist Earl of Dover, i. 211 -, Sir Henry, Viscount Falkland, i. 228 Carleton, Sir Dudley, Viscount Dor- chester, i. 140 -, Sir John, Bart., ii. 30 Carr, Robert, Baron Carr and Earl of Somerset, i. 185 -, Sir Andrew, Baron Jedburgh, i. 235 Sir Robert, Bart., of Sleaford, iii. 51 Castiglione, Francesco, ii. 288 Cavendish, Sir William, i. 215 -, William, ist Duke of New- castle, ii. 193 , Margaret, Duchess of, ii. 196 Cecil, Robert, ist Earl of Salisbury, i. 134 , William, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, ii. 177 John, 4th Earl of Exeter, ii. 255 Charles I., King, ii- 52-55 - II., King, iii. 92-95 Chaworth, Sir George, i. 144 Chetwynd, Sir William, ii. 302 Cheyney, Sir Thomas, i. 6i Churchill, John, ist Duke of Mbarl- borough, iii. 77 Clare, Gilbert de, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester, i. 36 Clifford, George, 3rd Earl of Cumber- land, i. 87 , Sir Thomas, Baron Clifford, ii. 276 Cokayne, Brian, 2nd Viscount Cullen, iii. 124 Coke, Sir Edward, Chief Justice, i. 192 Colepeper, John, Lord Colpeper, ii. 176 Comber, Thomas, D.D., ii. 34 Constable, Sir Henry, Viscount of Dunbar, i. 229 Memoirs and Biographical Notices of- Constable, Sir William, Bart., ii. 183 Conway, Sir Edward, Viscount Con- way, i. 245 , Sir Edward, 3rd Viscount and ist Earl of, iii. 84 Corbet, Sir John, Bart., iii. 170 Cornwallis, Sir Frederick, ii. i6 Cotton, Sir John, Bart., ii. 246 Courtney, Sir William, i. 95 Coventry, Sir William, ii. 326 , John, 4th Baron Coventry, iii. 78 Cranfield, Sir Lionel, Earl of Middle- sex, i. igo Crichton, William, 7th Lord Crich- ton, Viscount Air, and Earl of Dumfries, i. 235 Crofts, William, Baron Crofts, ii. 289 Cromwell, Sir Oliver, i. 97 , Oliver, i. 21 i Danvers, Sir John, i. 94 Digby, William, 5th Baron Digby, ii. 302 Digges, Sir Dudley, i. 315 Dillon, Thomas, 4th Viscount Dillon, ii. 34 Dormer, Charles, 3rd Baron Dormer and 2nd Earl of Carnarvon, iii. 140 Drury, Sir Robert, i. 177 Dudley, Ambrose, Earl of Warwick, i. 89 Duras, de, Louis, Marquis de Blan- quefort, ii. 288 Edmonds, Sir Thomas, i. 305 Egerton, Thomas, Baron Ellesmere, Viscount Brackley, i. 163 - , Sir Philip, iii. ii8 Elizabeth, Queen, i. 84 Erskine, Thomas, Viscount Fentown, Earl of Kellie, i. 217 Etheldreda, Queen and Saint, i. 13- 20 Fane, Charles, 3rd Earl of Westmore- land, iii. I25 Fenwick, Sir John, ii. 198 Fielding, Basil, 2nd Earl of Denbigh, ii. 175 Fines, Thomas, Lord Dacre of the North, i. 6i 41 1 INDEX. Memoirs and Biographical Notices of- Fitzalan, Richard, 14th Earl of Arun- del, i. 24 Fitz-Gerald, Gerald, 9th Earl of Kil- dare, i. 62 Fitzroy, Henry, ist Duke of Grafton, iii. 297 Gargrave, Sir Richard, ii. 126 Gerard, Thomas, Baron Gerard, i. 213 , Gilbert, 2nd Baron Gerard, i. 310 Goring, Sir George, Earl of Norwich, i. 205 Graham, Sir Richard, i. 234 Sir Richard, Viscount Preston, li. 79 Grenville, Sir Fluke, Baron Brooke, i. 246 Grey, William, Baron Grey of Werke, 1. 259 -, Thomas, Baron Grey of Groby, and Earl of Stamford, ii. 179 Gwynn, Nell, iii. 17 Hamilton, James, Baron Ennerdale, Earl of Cambridge, 2nd Marquis of Hamilton, i. 203 , Sir Thomas, Lord Binning, Earl of Melrose and Haddington, i. 216 -, Lord Claud, Baron Paisley, i. 360 -, James, 3rd Marquis of Hamil- ton, K.G., ii. 23 Hatton, Sir Thomas, ii. 33 -, Christopher, 2nd Baron Hatton of Kirby, iii- 355 Haselrigg, Sir Arthur, Bart., ii. i8o Hay, Sir James, 7th Lord Hay of Vester, i. 213 -, James, Baron Hay, Viscount Doncaster, 1st Earl of Carlisle, i. 220 Hazelwood, Sir William, iii. 126 Henry VIII., King, i. 8o -, Prince of Wales, i. 308 Herbert, Henry, 2nd Earl of Pem- broke, K.G., i. go -, Philip, 4th Earl of Pembroke and 1st Earl of Montgomery, K.G., i. 340 Memoirs and Biographical Notices of- Herbert, Philip, 7th Earl of Pem- broke and 4th Earl of Mont- gomery, iii. I51 Home, David, of Wedderburn, i. 1o0 Howard, Lord Thomas, i. 9z -, Lord William, "Belted Will," i. 92 -, Lord Thomas, ist Earl of Suf- folk, i. I6o -, Theophilus, 2nd Lord Howard de Walden, K.G., i. x68 -, Sir Thomas, Lord Howard of Charlton, Viscount Andover, ist Earl of Berkshire, K.G., i. 214 -, Thomas, Earl of Arundel and Norfolk, G.M., i. 248 -, Sir Edward, ist Lord Howard of Escrick, ii. 187 , Hon. Bernard, ii. 257 -, Francis, 5th Lord Howard of Effingham, iii. 77 -, James, 3rd Earl of Suffolk, iii. 260-267 -, Hon. Sir Robert, Bart., iii. 293 Huddleston, Sir Robert, ii. 30 Hudson, Michael, D.D., ii. 129-142 Hume, Sir George, Earl of Dunbar, i. 152 Hungerford, Sir Walter, i. 93 Hyde, Henry, Viscount Cornbury and 2nd Earl of Clarendon, iii. 152 Jermyn, Sir Thomas, i. 177 -, Henry, Earl of St. Albans, iii. 85 Jones, Richard, 3rd Viscount Rane- lagh, iii. 76 Killigrew, Tom, iii. 51 Knight, Mary, iii. 37 Knollys, William, Lord Knollys, Vis- count Wallingford, and Earl of Banbury, K.G., i. I91 Lacells, Edmund, i. I50 Lake, Sir Thomas, i. 149 Lawson, Sir George, i. 63 Legard, Sir John, Bart., iii. 133 Legh, Richard, of Lyme, iii. 142 Lennox, Charles, ist Duke of Rich- mond, iii. 79 Ley, Sir James, Bart., Lord Ley and Earl of Marlborough, ii. 5 412 INDEX. Memoirs and Biographical Notices of- Lovelace, John, 3rd Baron Lovelace, 111. 137 Machel, Rev. Thomas, M.A., iii. 96 Mainwaring, Sir Philip, i. 205 Manners, Francis, 6th Earl of Rut- land, K.G., i. 186 Mansel, Sir Robert, ii. 21 Markham, Gervase, i. i i i Marshall, Sir George, i. 240 Massey, Edward, of Podington, iii. 117 Mazarin, Duchess of, iii. 259 Merks, Thomas, Bishop of Carlisle, i. 55-57 Methuen, John, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, iii. 344 Mildmay, Sir Henry, Bart., ii. 176 Molineux, Sir Richard, Viscount Maryborough, i. 355 Monke, Christopher, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, iii. 259 Monmouth, James, Duke of, iii. 173 Montagu, Henry, Baron Kimbolton, Viscount Mandevil, and Earl of Manchester, i. 226-228 -, Sir Edward, Baron Montagu of Broughton, K.B., ii. i89 Moore, Sir Garrett, Baron Moore, Viscount Drougheda, i. i88 Morton, Sir Albertus, i. 206 Murray, Sir John, Lord Murray, Viscount and Earl of Annandale, i. 26o Musgrave, Sir Philip, Bart., iii. 121 Myddleton, Sir Thomas, iii. ii6 Neile (or Neale), Sir Paul, ii. 254 Newport, Francis, 2nd Baron, ist Viscount Newport, and ist Earl of Bradford, ii. 290 Noel, Edward, ist Earl of Gains- borough, iii. 8i Norris, Sir Henry, i. 63 O'Brien, Henry, 7th Earl of Thomond, ii. 245 Parker, William, Baron Monteagle, i- 319 Paulet, Charles St. John, Marquis of Winchester and Ist Duke of Bolton, iii. 291 Memoirs and Biographical Notices of- Pelham, Sir William, F.M., i. 259 Pepys, Samuel, iii. 34 Percy, Sir Alan, K.B., i. 140 Percy, Henry, gth Earl of Northum- berland, K.G., i. 301 -, Joceline, I I th Earl of Northum- berland, iii. r20 Petre, William, 2nd Baron Petre, i. 260 Peyton, Sir Edward, i. 247 Pickering, Sir Gilbert, Bart., ii. 183 Pole, de la, Richard, 3rd Duke of Suffolk, i. 68-71 Powell, Sir William, Bart., i. 239 Pregnani, L'Abbe, ii. 274 Preston, Sir Richard, Baron Ding- wall, i. 213 Primrose, Gilbert, i. 138 Querouaiile, de, Louise Renee, Duchess of Portsmouth, ii. 308 Ramsay, Sir John, Viscount Had- dington and Earl of Holderness, i. 146 Rich, Robert, 2nd Earl of Warwick, i. 215 , Sir Henry, Baron Kensington and Earl of Holland, K.G., i. 215; ii. i6 Richard II., King, i. 26, 27 Rupert, Prince, iii. 97 Russell, of Chippenham (family), ii. 36-40 Ruvigny, de, Henri de Massue, Vis- count, and Earl of Galway, iii. 341 Scrope, Le, Emanuel, rith Baron Scrope, ist Earl of Sunderland, i. 322 Scott, Walter, Baron Scott and Ist Earl of Buccleuch, i. 216 Sedley, Sir Charles, iii. 379 Selby, Sir George, i. 344 Seymour, Lord, ii. 48 Sheffield, Edmund, 3rd Baron Shef- field, i. 146 Sherard, Bennet, 2nd Baron Sherard, iii. 125 Sidney, Dorothy, Countess Dowager of Sunderland, ii. 363 413 I44NDEX. Memoirs and Biographical Notices of- Somerset, Edward, 4th Earl of Wor- cester, i. 132 -, Thomas, Hon. Sir, Viscount Somerset, K.B., i. 214 Spencer, William, 2nd Baron Spencer, ii. 128 Stanley, William, 6th Earl of Derby, K.G., i. 333 , William, 9th Earl of Derby, iii. 171 Stuart, James, 2nd Earl of Mtarch, 4th Duke of Lennox, and ist Duke of Richmond, ii. 43 -, Charles, 4th Earl of March, 6th Duke of Lennox, and 3rd Duke of Richmond, ii. 242 Stukeley, Sir Thomas, i. 2o6 Sydney, Philip, Viscount L'Isle, ii. 179 Throckmorton, Sir John, i. 178 Thynne, Tom, iii. 38 Townley, Richard, i. 355 Trevor, Sir Sackville, ii. 21 Valence, de, Amyer, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, i. 35, 36 Vane, Sir Henry, i. i62 Vere, de, Henry, i8th Earl of Oxford, i. 210 -, de, Aubrey, 20th Earl of Ox- ford, ii. 256 Verney, Sir Edmund, i. 240 -, Col. Henry, ii. 151 Vernon, Sir Robert, i. 296 -, Sir Thomas, Bart., iii. 78 Villiers, Sir John, Baron Villiers, Vis- count Purbeck, i. 220 -, Frances, Viscountess Purbeck, i. 264 - , George, ist Duke of Bucking- ham, K.G., i. 322-335 s George, 4th Viscount Grandi- son, iii. 8i -, George, 2nd Duke of Bucking- ham, iii. 253 Warren, John de, Earl of Surrey, i. 36-38 Washbourn, John, of Pytchley, iii. 125 WVebb, Sir William, i. 345 Memoirs and Biographical Notices of- Wentworth, SirThomas, Bart., Baron Wentworth and Earl of Strafford, ii. 34 Weston, Sir Richard, Baron Weston and Earl of Portland, ii. 25 Wharton, Philip, 4th Baron Wharton, iii. 121 Whiting, Richard, Abbot of Glaston- bury, i. 62 Williamson, Sir Joseph, ii. 353 Wilmot, John, Earl of Rochester, ii. 380 Winwood, Sir Ralph, i. 189 Woodhouse, Sir William, i. 177 Wooley, Sir Francis, i. 319 Wotton, Thomas, 2nd Baron Wotton, i. 190 Wren, Sir Charles, i. 345 Wriothesley, Henry, 3rd Earl of Southampton, i. 204 -, Thomas, 4th Earl, ii. 95 Wroughton, Sir Thomas, i. 94 Yardley, Sir Edward, i. 205 Memstead, Rob., ii. 233 Mercia, Algar, Earl of, ii. 81 Merks, Bishop, i- 55 Merser, Chris., ii. 78 Merton Mere, races on, temip. William III. See Ormskirk Mervin, Thos., iii. 370 Methuen, John, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, iii. 344 , Lord, iii. 345 Metropolitan Markets monopoly, depu- tation of the London Corporation con- cerning, at Newmarket, iii. 59, 67, 68 Metz, races at, temp. Henry VIII., i. 67, 71 Meurs, J. Van, ii. 193 Meverett, Lewis, ii. 302 Mewe, Ellis, iii. 357 Mezzotinto invented by Prince Rupert, iii. 97 Michell, Sir Frs., i. 272 -, Charles, ii. 201 Middle Ages, popularity of the turf in England in the, i. 27 Middlesex, Earl of. See Cranfield Middleton, Sir Peter, i. 305 414 INDEX. Middleton, Wm., iii. 74 , John, iii. 271 Milbourn, Thos., ii. 193 Mildmay, Sir Henry, ii. 158 -, Mrs., iii. x40 Miles, Jane, ii. 228, 229 Millecent, Mrs. Agartha, bequest of, to the poor of Newmarket, ii. 114 Miller, SirJohn, i. 272 Millward, Mr., ii. 371 Milton, Cambs, iii. 74 Mingham, Mr., iii. x67 " Mitre," the, Hampton Court, iii. 314 Molineux, Richard, Viscount, ii. 96 -, Sir Ric., Viscount Maryborough, 1. 353, 355 , Sir Francis, iii. 371 , George, ii. 6i Hon. Mr., iii. 167 Mompesson, Sir Giles, i. 271 Monaco, Prince de, iii. 296 Moncony, de, M., iii. 356 Moncton, or Moncklow, Moor, races on, in the 17th century. See Ripon Moneypenny, Sir Patrick, i. 271 Monke, General, afterwards ist Duke of Albemarle, ii. 1it, 227; iii. I91 -, Christopher, 2nd Duke of Albe- marle, ii. 315, 334, 365; iii. 13, 28, 31, 32, 33, 43, 57, 89, 91, 150, 176, 259-260 Monmouth, Earl of. See Carey and Keppel Monmouth, James, Duke of, ii. 240, 241, 264, 273, 289, 295, 305, 319, 333, 340, 352, 360, 373; iii- 9, 31, 33, 38, 40, 41, 45, 71, 72, 77, 137, 139, 143, 144, 149, 151, 164-177, 247, i86, 262 -, Lady Anne Scott, Duchess of, ii. 300; iii. 174 Monson, Lady, iii. 13, 90 Montagu, Edward, 2nd Earl of Man- chester, i. 228; ii. 266, 283 -, Marquis of. See Nevill , N., Countess of, ii. 358 , Sir Edward, Baron Montagu of Broughton, ii. i8g, i90 -, Sir Edward, ist Earl of Sand- wich, iii. 35 Montagu, Sir Henry, Lord High Trea- surer, etc., Earl of Manchester, i. 113, i8i, 225, 226, 228; ii. 5, 6 Montague, James, Bishop of Winton, i. 154 , Col., ii. 205 , Lady Anne, iii. 261 , Ralph, Duke of Montague, iii. 329 , Right Hon. Charles, Chancellor of the Exchequer and ist Lord of the Treasury, temp. William III., iii. 211, 215, 328, 329 -, Robert, Earl of Montague, iii. i62 , Viscount. See Brown Monteagle, Lord. See Parker Montfort, St. Simon de, Earl of Leices- ter, i. 42 Montgomery, Earl of See Herbert , George, ii. 6i Montreuil, Mons., ii. 133, 136, 137 Moore, Francis Henry Seymour, 3rd Marquis of Drougheda, i. 189 , Arthur, iii. 286 , Mungo, ii. i8 Sir Garrett, Baron Moore, i. i8o, i88 Moray, Sir Robert, iii. 376 -, Earl of. See Stewart Mordaunt, Charles, 3rd Earl of Peter- borough, iii. 9, 76, 286 Mordaurant family, ii. 8i Morden, John, i. 128 More, Samuel, iii. 358 Morland, Geo., mayor of Durham, iii. 317 Morley, Col., ii. 173, 174 -, Rich., ii. 232: iii. 15 Morocco, Emperor of, sends presents of horses to Charles I., ii. 191 -, Embassy from, at Newmarket, iii. 22, 25, 26, 52 Morris, Ric., i. 211 Mortimer, Capt., iii. 224, 288 Mortlak, John, i. 125 -, Sam., ii. 233 Mortlocke, Ambrose, ii. 76, 77 Morton, Sir Albert, i. 203, 207, 262 Mosely, John, keeper of the musical instruments to William III., iii. 207 415 INDEX. Moubray family, ii. too Mountgarret, Viscount. See Butler Mountgarth, Earl of See Coote Mountsteven, John, ii. 357; iii. 65 Moyston, Sir Roger, iii. 228 Mulcher, 'Mr., iii. 124 Muleteers in the service of William III., iii. 370 Muigrave, Earl of. See Sheffield Muncriffe, Sir Alex., i. 271 Munsey, Goodwife, ii. 230 Murray, Sir John, Viscount and Earl of Annandale, i. 256, 260 -, Patrick, ii. 13 -, Sir Thos., i. 224 Murrel, -, ii. 232 Musical instruments, the royal, cost of conveying them to Newmarket, iii. 84. See also Brockwell, Thos. Musgrave, Sir Thomas, i. 234 -, Sir Philip, iii. 120, 121 Myddleton, Sir Thos., iii. i 6, 117 Myles, Hen., ii. t01 N Nagdi Bey, i. 258, 259 Nampp, Mrs., ii. 232 Namptwich cheese, iii. 169 Napier, Diana, i. 52 -, Sir N., Bart, i. 52 Napper, Sir Nath., i. 271 Nassau, de, Daniel, Baron de Ruvigny, ii. 96 -, Count de, Lord of Baverwaert, ii. 301 -, Prince of, iii. 21 1 Naunton, Secretary, i. 202, 272 Navarre, King of, sends a present of racehorses to Edward III., i. 28 Naworth Castle, i. 349 Neale, Thos., iii. 286 -, Wm., ii. 78 Needham, Capt., iii. 143 Neile, Sir Paul, ii. 253, 254 Nelson, Rich., ii. 229, 230, 232 -, John, ii. 360, 364 Netherby, Arab stud at, i. 21 Netterville, Sir John, ii. 25 Neuburgh, Duke of, iii. 94 Neville, Henry, Earl of Westmoreland, i. 260 -, Hon. Christopher, i. 67 , Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland, i. 246 , Sir Henry, i. 189 Nevill, John, Marquis Montagu, ii. 8i Newbottle, William, Lord, i. 235 New Brighton, races at. See Wallasey Newcastle, Duke of. See Cavendish Newcastle, races at, temp. Charles I., ii. 125; temp. Commonwealth, 214; temp. Charles II., iii. Ii8; temp. William III., 316, 317 Newce, Jas., i. I28 " New Inn," Abingdon, iii. 323 Newman, Thos., ii. II5 Newmarket, British settlement at, i. 3; Romans, the, at, 5; Iceni race at, 5; the Anglo-Saxons at, 13; pro- bability of horse-races during the Anglo-Saxon era at, 22; tournaments prohibited by Edward II. at, 33, 34; deluge at, in 1393, 34; Queen Mar- garet at, 34; first mentioned A.D. 1227, 37; grant for holding a fair at, 38, 40; confirmation of grant in 1293, 41; lords of the manor, 41, 54; horse- stealing in the reign of Edward I. at, 53; feudal services, temp. Edward III., at, 53, 54; Adam de, 54; pro- bable visit of Henry VII. to, 57; landed and house property in and about, temp. Henry VIII., 121 temp. Elizabeth; popular inns at, 122; houses and shops in the Market- place at, 123; malting trade, temp. Elizabeth, in, 123 , church property at, i. i28 Cambridge comedians at, i. 174, 245 , cockfighting at. See Cockfights , game and wildfowl at, i. 222, 253, 254, 260; ii. 4, 13, i8, 28, 35, 36, 89, 242, 264; iii. 75, 95, 209 - , hawking at, temp. James I., i. 141, 152, 157, 173, 236, 242, 245, 249, 251, 252, 261, 266, 267, 311, 319. See Falconry 016 INDEX. Newmarket, hunting at, i. 132, 141, 151, 152, 157, 167, 193, 195; ii. 13, 82, 242, 267, 297, 299, 325, 345, 368, 369, 373; iii. 9, 43, 44, 48, 6i, 62, 63, 75, 76, 83, 91, 98, i99, 213, 215, 217, 224, 225, 226 inhabitants of, temp. Henry VIII. to Elizabeth, i. 124-128; temp. James I., 297, 298; teMp. Charles I., ii. 1oo, 102; temp. Charles II., 228- 235 - , keepers of the royal game at, i. 174, 175, et seq. - , Knights of the Garter nominated at, i. 180, 195 , knights made at, by James I., 1. 132, 195, I99, 201, 237, 269, 273; by Charles I., ii. 8 (see also Cor- rections and additions), 45 ; by Charles II., iii. 59 - Palace, furniture in the state apartments, temp. William III., iii. 221; keepers of, i. i8o, 226, 232, 242, 250, 261, 294; ii. 3, 8, II, 12- 18, 26, 43, 83, 219-223, 272, 278, 242, 344; iii. 195, 196, 197, 198, 232; works and buildings at, in the 17th century, i. 276, 287; ii. 65, 68, 241, 298, 299, 328-329, 338, 348, 349, 355, 359, 378, 379; iii. 15, 50, 84, 96, 195, 229-232 -, peers created at, by James I., i. 180, 2i6, 225, 234, 253 - , preachers for the sporting journeys at, i. i6x, x65, et passinm; tenmp. Charles I., ii. 7, 8, 13, 19, 23, 24, 33, 41 ; temp. Charles II., 2b5, 287, 297, 361, 374, 375; iii. 8, 13, 96; temp. William III., 203, 21I, 213, 216, 221, 222, 225 - , tradition touching the origin of horse-racing at, i. 131, 137 -, races at, temp. James I., i. 216, 238, 239, 296, 327; temp. Charles I., ii. 24, 94, 95, I 18; temp. Charles II., 239, 240, 246, 252-254, 265, 266-268, 270-272, 282. 283, 284, 286, 295, 296, 300, 306-308, 314, 315, 317-319, 323-326, 335, 337, 344, 345, 365-374, 378; iii- 4-13, I9-25, VOL. III. 417 43-49, 83, 90, 91; temp. James II., 198; temp. William III., 199-201, 204, 207, 209-220, 22I-223, 227- 229, 28 1-283, 290 Newmarket, roads to, i. 155, 156, 157, 230. See also Coaching -, royal visits to, and sojourns at, temp. James I., i. 131, 140, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151, 157, 159, i6i, 162, 163, i65, i68, 173, I76, 179, I85, 195, 201, 202, 208, 210, 222, 226, 229, 232, 235, 239, 242, 250, 251, 259, 261, 263; temp. Charles I., ii. 4, 7, 13, i8, 19, 23, 25, 28, 31, 40, 45, 46, 49; temp. Charles II., 249-255, 264-268, 273-276, 277-288, 292, 295, 297-298, 299-304, 305-312, 314-3i6, 322-326, 332-338, 341, 344-348, 352, 353, 357, 358, 365- 374, 376-379; iii- 4-14, 19-34, 43- 48, 56-76, 82-83, 88-91 ; temp. William III., 199-201, 203-206, 207-220, 221-226, 281-283; temp. George I., ii. 6i -, taxation of, temnp. Henry VIII., i. 124; temp. James I., 297, 298 tetmtp. Charles I., ii. 1oo, 103; teMp. Charles II., 228-236; temp. Wil- liam III., iii. 202 "New Park " (qy. the Regent's, Mary- lebone), hunting in, tentp. William III., iii. 222 Newport, Essex, ii. 99 ; iii. 73 Newport, Francis, 2nd Baron Newport and ist Earl of Bradford, ii. 283, 290; iii. 359 Newport Pagnel, Bucks, races at, temp. Charles II., iii. i88 ; temip. James II., 238, 240, 254, 248; temp. William III., 299, 301, 303, 316, 321, 325 Newspapers, the, in the 17th century, iii. 205 New Style and Old Style, iii. 382 Newton, Peter, gentleman usher, ii. 6, 11, 17, 22 - (of Newmarket), ii. 232 -, Alderman, iii. 65 , Sir Isaac, on the odds in throw- ing dice, iii. 372 New Warren, the, at Newmarket, i. 2 E INDEX. i8o, 218, 288, 292; ii. 4, 12, 26, 76, 77, 78, 222, 235 Nicholas, Sir Edward, ii. 131, 171, 335 Nicholson, Geo., i. 103 Nodes, Chas., iii. 125 Noel, Hon. -, ii. 202 , Edward, Earl of Gainsborough, ii. 302 ; iii. 63, 81 -, Sir William, Bart., iii. 128 Nonsuch Palace, ii. 271 Norden, Mr., rides i8o miles against time and wins, iii. 273-274 Norris (Norreys), Lord. See Bertie , Sir Henry, i. 6o, 63 Northampton, Earl of. See Compton and Spencer Northampton, races at, temp. Charles I., ii. 127; temp. Charles IH., iii. 123- 126, 127, 128, 153, 163, i8i ; temp. William III., 325, 330, 336, 337 Northberney, races at, temp. Charles II. -S5ee Cirencester North, Edward, ist Lord, custodian of the Princess Elizabeth at Kirtling Hall, near Newmarket, i. 128, 132; obtains a grant of Chippenham Park, ii. 60; and Dullinghan, 82 Dudley, ii. io6 H, Hon. Rev. John, iii. 377 --, Sheriff of London, iii. 42 , Lord, iii. 201 North Sea fishing fleet, i. 179 Northumberland, Duke of. See Fitzroy -, Earl of. See Percy --Plate, the, temp. Charles II., iii. ii8 Northumberland, races in, temp. Wil- liam III., ii. 291 Norton, Edward, i. 124, 126 , Thomas, i. 155; ii. 233 -, Sir Dudley, i. 173, 270; ii. 279 - Mr., iii 149 Norwich, Earl of. See Goring , Sir Simon, i. 271 Norwich, race from, to Bungay, iii. 333 Nottingham, Earl of. See Finch and Iloward Northumberland, races at, temp. James II., iii. 240, 241 ; temp. William IIL., iii. 301, 324, 326, 335 0 Oakey, John, ii. 78, 79, 80 Oats, price of, at Newmarket, temp. Charles I., ii. 99; at Winchester, tenmp. Charles II., iii. i58 O'Brien, Henry, 7th Earl of Thomond, ii. 62, 171, 229, 240, 245, 252, 267, 281, 283, 288, 298, 354, 370, 373, 374 Henry, 5th Earl of Thomond, iii. 124 Henry, Lord Inchiquin, ii. 311 William, 2nd Earl of Inchiquin, iii. 82 Offley, Mr., iii. i64 Ogle, Sir John, i. 200 Earl of. See Cavendish Robert, ii. 214 , Sir Thos., iii. 379 Thomas, i. 6o Oglethorpe, Sutton, stud master to Charles II., ii. 226 Ellen, laundress to Charles II., i95. 95 Theo., iii. 8o Ogniati, H. E. Count, ii. 298 " Old True Blue." See Lambton O'Neile, Col. D., i. i91 -, Hugh, Earl of Tyrone, ii. 254 Onslow, John, ii. 0oo , Lord, ii. 263; iii. 191 Opdam, Admiral, iii. 175 Orange, Princess of, ii. 250 , William of. See William III. Ordinaries at race meetings in the 17th century, iii. 42, i65, 169, I80, 279, 300, 308, 310, 312, 313, 314, 315, 318, 321, 322, 323, 327, 328, 332, 333, 334, 339 Orford, Earl of. See Russell Orkney, Duke of. See Monmouth , Earl of. See Hamilton Ormond, Earls of. See Butler , Duke of. See Butler Ormskirk, races at, temp. James IH., iii. 238, 241, 248; temp. William III., 316, 319 Osbaldiston, John, iii. 132, 133 -, Sir Littleton, Bart., iii. 133 41l8 INDEX. Osborne, Sir Rob., i. 256 -, Thomas, Duke of Leeds, ii. 245 Osley, or Ostley, Mr., ii. 365, 369 Ossory, Earl of. See Butler Ossulton, Lord, iii. 210 Ostriches, iii. 23 Overbury, Mr., iii. 370 poisoning case, i. x75 Ovin, the original " Grand Old Man," i. 17 Owen, SirJohn, ii. 17 Owne, Wm., ii. 232 Oxenbridge, Sir Rob., i. 271 Oxford, Earls of. See Vere, de Oxford Gazette, the, first issue of, ii. 354 Oxford, Mayor and alderman of, at Newmarket, iii. 5, 6, 139 , Parliament at, during the Bur- ford races, iii. 147 Oysters, iii. 380 P Packer, Joseph, Registrar in Chancery, ii. 90 , Philip, ii. 329 Mr., ii. 338 Page, Thos., iii. 15 Paisley, races at, temp. James I., i. 359, 362 Palatine, Frederick, Prince, King of Bohemia, at Newmarket, i. i6i, 162, 163 Pallavisine, Sir Henry, i. 269 Palmer, Roger, Earl of Castlemaine, iii. 82 Palmes, Sir Brian, ii. 225 Papists prohibited to keep horses ex- ceeding the value of 5, iii. 234; prosecution of, for so doing, 270, 271; legislation in Ireland thereon, 344 Papworth, John, i. 125, 126 Parker, Augustine, pheasant-keeper to James I. at Stanton, i. 256 , Philip, ii. 329 , Sir Phil., i. 273 -,Thomas, Baron Morley and Mont- eagle, iii. 128 Parker, William, ist Lord Monteagle, i. 318, 319 Park Paddocks, Newmarket, temp. Charles II., iii. 262 Parliament, race meeting near Epsom postponed through sitting of, iii. 0og Parry, F., ii. 358 Parsons, Sir John, iii. 213, 214, 215, 217, 270, 369, 370 Partridges, etc., turned down at New- market, temp. James 1., i. 218, 245, 249; temp. Charles I., ii. 4, 12, 31 Partridge, Sir Miles, i. 8o Paske, Adam, i. 127 Passill, Mr., iii. 301 Paston, Sir Robert, Earl of Yarmouth, ii. 262, 311; iii. 177 Patcairn, Andrew, master falconer, ii. 8, i8 Paulet, Lord, ii. 191 -, Charles St. John, Marquis of Winchester and ist Duke of Bolton, ii. 295, 296; iii. 134, 291-293 Payne, George, i. 126 h, lenry, ii. 229, 230 Peace, Surgeon, ii. 316 Pearce, Dr. James, ii. 340 -, Mr., iii. 34 Pechell, Capt. Thos., iii. 358 Pedro, Don, Spanish Ambassador, iii. 7,8 - II., King of Portugal, iii. 344 Peebles, races at, temsnp. Elizabeth, i. Ioo, 102; temp. James I., 329, 362, 363 Peirson, Mr., iii. 271, 371 Pelham, Sir Thos., i. 211 -, Sir Wm., i. 253, 260 -, T., iii. 197, 27I Pell, Sir Anth., master falconer to James I., 266 Pelter Adam, gardener at Newmarket Palace, iii. i6 Pemberton, Rob., ii. 214 Pembroke, Earls of. See Herbert and Valence Penge, Wm., ii. 102 Peniston family, ii. 82 Penton, Godson, mayor of Winchester, iii. i85 419 INDEX. Pepys, Samuel, ii. 265, 344; iii. 33, 34-36 Perceval, John, Earl of Egmont, iii. 128 Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, i. 345 -, Elizabeth, Countess of Ogle, iii. 39, 40 Earl, iii. 210 Henry, Earl of Northumberland, i. 221, 230, 23I James, iii. 121 Jocelyn, Earl of Northumberland, iii. 38, 120 Lady Lucy, i. 221 Sir Alan, i. 132, 140 Sir Charles, i. 301 Peter the Great at Newmarket, iii. 212, 217, 218, 221, 263, 282 Peterborough, Earl of. See Mordaunt Peters, MNr., ii. 59 Petre, William, 2nd Lord Petre of Writtle, i. 254, 26o; ii. 24, 99 Peyton, Sir Edw., i. 245, 246, 247 Pheasants. See Partridges, etc., and Newmarket, game at Phillip, John, i. 127 Phillips, Wim., ii., 115 , Martha, ii. 228, 229 Philpot, John, i. 269 Phippes, John, i. 128 Phoenix Park, Dublin, projected race meeting in, temtp. Charles I I., iii. I 1 3; references to, 297 Pickering, Sir Gilbert, ii. 173, x83, 205 , Sir Henry, ii. 183 Pickes, Rich., ii. 100, 114 Pinchon, WM., ii. 25 Pirrepont, Evelyn, 5th Earl of Kingston, Marquis of Dorchester, and ist Duke of Kingston, iii. 213 Pistol-shooting, remarkable, temp. Charles I., iii. 97 Place, Mr., stud master to Oliver Crom- Well, ii. 213 Plague, the, ii. 250 Planter, Sir Thos., i. 269 Plot to kill William III. at Newmarket, iii. 218 Plumpton, Rob., iii. 271 Pointer, Thos., i. 279 Pole, de la, Richard, 3rd Duke of Suffolk, i. 67, 71 Pollard, Capt., ii. 132 Pontefract, iii. 307. See also Stapleton Pool, Sir Nevill, i. 269 Poor, the, of Newmarket, grant out of the twelve-stone plate to, ii. 246 bequests to (see Benefactions) Pope, Roger, iii. 19 Popham, Sir John, ii. 183 -, Mr., iii. 370 Porter, Sir Chas., iii. 344 Portland, Earl of. See Bentinck and Weston Portmead, Oxon, races at, temp. Charles II., iii. 138 Portsholm, the. See Huntingdon Portsmouth, Duchess of. See Querou- aille Pory, John, ii. 13 Poshel, Sir William, ii. 45 Post, the, to and from Newmarket in the 17th century, ii. 302, 303, 314, 320, 352, 358, 365; iii. 30, 82, 200 Poteen, iii. 342 Poulter, Walter, ii. 102 "Powdering Tub," the old. See the Court of High Commission Powell, Sir Wm., survey of the races, i. 239; ii. 157 - , David, ii. 292, 315 Power, Edw., ii. 324 "Power," Lord (qy. Folliott Wingfield, Viscount Powerscourt), iii. 352 Powle, trainer to Henry VIII., i. 6o Powney, John, ii. 251 M, Mr., yeoman pricker, ii. 357 Powrie-Fortheringham, Laird of, iii. 108 Poyntz, Major, ii. 139 Poys, P., ii. 157 Prasutagus, i. 7 Pregnani, L'Abb6, ii. 274-276 Presents of racehorses by Charles II., iii. 94; by William III., iii. 369 Preston, Sir Richard, Baron Dingwall and Earl of Desmond, i. 175, 177, 213; ii. 269; iii. 77 Viscount. See Graham Lord, iii. 21 420 INDEX. Preston, Ned, pedestrian, temp. Charles II-, iii. 159-i6I, 249 Prettyman, John, ii. 128 Price, Jervase, keeper of the fowling- pieces, etc., of Charles II., ii. 297, 316, 330, 339, 350, 360, 379 -, George, sergeant trumpeter, ii. 312 Prices of food, fodder, and lodging at Winchester during the races, temp. Charles II., iii. 158, i861 Prideaux, Dean, iii. 138 Priest-Heath, Shropshire, races on, in the 17th century. See Whitechurch Primat, Mr., iii. 358 Primrose, Dr. Gilbert, i. 131, 138 -, Archibald Philip, 5th Earl of Rosebery, LL.D., ii. 271 -, Earls of Rosebery, i. 138 Prince, Mr., iii. 5, 8 Proger, Mr. Edw., ii. 341 ; iii. 60 Prospero, Signor, i. 314 Proudfoot, Mark, bequest of, to the poor of Newmarket, ii. 114 Pryme, de la, Abraham, iii. 159 Public-houses and inns forbidden to charge for lodgings during the race meetings at Winchester, temzp. Charles II., iii. I58 Puckering, Sir William, i. 1go -, Thos., ii. I 3 Pulleine, Mr., iii. 369, 370, 371 Pullen, Thos., iii. 361-367 Pump, the, at Newmarket Palace, cost of, temp. William III., iii. 230 Purbeck, Viscount. See Villiers Pycard, Ric., i. 128 Pye, Sir Rob., i. 266 Pym, Mr., ii. I8o Pytchley manor, Northampton, iii. 125 Q Quainton, Bucks, races at, temp. Charles II., iii. z62, 183; temp. William III., 299, 308, 315, 320, 322, 328-329, 337. See also Waddesdon Quarles, Sir Rob., i. 269 - , Wm., ii. 321, 330, 339 Quartermayne, Ric., i. 293 Queensbury, James, 2nd Earl of, i. 204 Querouaille, Louise, Duchess of Ports- mouth, ii. 306, 307, 308, 309; iii. 15, 17, 18, 29, 30, 37, 58, 64, 79, 89, 90, 91, 152, 295 , Henrietta, Countess of Pembroke, iii. 151 R Rabey, Chas., ii. 230 , John, ii. 230, 232 Raby, Lord. See Wentworth Racehorses, names of, tempn. James I., i. III, 300; temip. Charles I., ii. 145, 162, 188; temt.p. Commonwealth, 210, 213; temIp. Charles II., James II., and William III., 240, 253, 254, 267, 296, 306, 324, 326, 365, 367, 371, 373, 378; iii. 10-12, 22, 44, 46, 47, 48, 90, 91, 98, 120, 140, 149, 150, 151, 177, 204, 213-219, 222, 224, 225, 247, 252, 283, 289, 329, 353-355, 359, 370, 371 "Race," meaning of the word as used in the 17th century, ii. 184 Race meetings, summary of, temp. Charles I., ii. I I8-I I 9, temp. Charles II., iii. 92 ; temp. James II., 326; temp. William III., 271 ; prohibited, temp. Commonwealth, ii. 202-210 Races v. time, in the 17th century, iii. 273, 356 "Racing Calendar," the official, temp. Charles II., ii. 364 Racing colours, temip. Henry VIII., i. 6i ; temp. Charles II., ii. 283, 286 Racing, temp. James I., legislation on, in Scotland, i. 316, 317, 329; in England, legislation on, temp. Com- monwealth, ii. 208; temp. Charles II., iii. 373 ; temp. William III., 234; tariff at Winchester, iii. 158 Radley, Sir Henry, i. 271 Radnor, Earl of. See Robartes Raines, Dean, i. 356 Raleigh, Sir Walter, i. 185, 192 I 421 INDEX. Ramsay, Sir John, Viscount Hadding- ton, ist Earl of Holderness, i. 97, 142, I45, 217, 245, 338 Ranelagh, Viscount. See Jones Ratto, Giovanni, i. 71, 76 Ray, John, i. 125 -, Rob., i. 125, 127 -, Thos., ii. 232 Raymond, Sir John, ii. 371 Read, Sir John, ii. 45 -, John, ii. 75 Reading, the, stage coach, iii. 358 Redgwell, Thos., i. 128 "Red Lion " Inn, Bakewell, iii. 336 , Fleet-street, London, iii. 358 Redmayne, Peter, iii. 9i Reeve, Sir Geo., i. 283 -, John, billiard marker to Charles II., iii. 107 -, Thos., ii. 232 Regmell, Ric., i. 125 "Reindeer " Inn, Bishops Stortford, iii. 101 Rennowe, Thos., ii. 76 Repingdon, Sir John, i. 269 Reresby, Sir George, i. 211, 212 , Sir John, ii. 377; iii. 12, 13, 26-28, 40, 86, 88, 89, 90, 292, 355 Rhe, Isle de, expedition to, under George, ist Duke of Buckingham, ii. 7 Riblingcoats, Porks, races at, temp. Charles II., iii. 132 Rich, Sir Henry, 2nd Earl of Warwick, i. 213, 215 -, Charles, 3rd Earl of Warwick, ii. 62 -, Col., ii. 112 -, Henry, Baron Kensington and Earl of Holland, K. G., ii. 15, i6, 1 7, 31, 46, 26i -, Lordl ii. 202 , Sir Robert, ist Earl of Holland, i. 213, 215 Richard I., his famous horses, Favell and Lyard, i. 22 - I., match with the Earl of Arundel, i. 23; memoir of, 26, 27; horse-breeding during his reign, 28, 29; Bishop Merks' loyalty to, 55 Richardson, Thos., i. 127 Riche, Sheriff, iii. 42 Richelieu, Cardinal, i. 325 Richmond, Dukes of. S&e Lennox and Stuart Richmond (Yorkshire), races at, temp. Elizabeth, i. 98; temp. James I., 328, 347, 348; temp. Charles II., iii. 119, 122; temp. William III., 302, 305, 315' 339 Rider, Mr., iii. 22, 370 , John, iii. 271 -, Wm., master of the royal harriers, temp. Charles II., iii. 208 Riding post, charge for, temp. James I., i. 243; temp. Charles II., ii. 304; iii. 84 Rigges, Ralph, ii. 148 Riley, Philip, iii. 361 Riots at races, i. 0oo, 103, 328, 338, 342, 356, 362, 363 Ripon, races at, temp. Charles II., iii. 129, 132, temp. William III., iii. 305, 307, 311, 314; celebrity of spurs made at, 130 Rivers, Lord. See Savage Robartes, Charles Bodvile, 2nd Earl of Radnor, iii. 286 Roberts, Rowland, keeper of the ward- robe at Newmarket Palace, ii. 8, 12, 22, 26, 27, 28, 35, 86 -, Jane, iii. 37 -, Wm., ii. 79 Robson, Thomas, i. 343 Rochester, Viscount, i. i86 -, Earl of. See Hyde and Wilmot Rodes, Sir G., ii. 34 Roe, Mr., iii. 149, 150 Rogers, Rich., ii. 242 Rokeby, Ralph, i. 67 -, Thomas, i. 67 Romans, horse-racing in England under the, i. 20, 21 ; the, at Newmarket, 5; coins, 7; taxes, 8; race-courses, 20, 21 Romney, Earl of. Set Sidney Roodee, the, i. 64, 67, 329, 334. See also Chester Rookes, Hercules, ii. 322 Rooth, Capt. Richard, C.N., ii. 213 422 INDEX. Roper, Mr., ii. 262 -, Christopher, Lord Tyneham, ii. 327 Rosamond, the fair, iii. 131 Rosby Heath, Lincolnshire, races on, temp. James II., iii. 247; temp. William III., 302 "Rose," the, Inn, Cambridge, ii. 288 Rosebery, Earls of. See Primrose Roses and rosemary for the royal ward- robe at Newmarket Palace, ii. 87, 88, 296, 356; iii. i6, 84 Ross, Sir Thomas, ii. 239, 241 -, William, 12th Baron Ross of Halkhead, iii. 213, 214, 215, 226, 270 Rossiter, Col., ii. 58 Rosyngton, Anth., i. 125, 126 Rothschild, Leopold de, i. ix.; iii. 17 -, Baron, iii. 163 Rothwell Slade, races at. See North. ampton Rotier, Philip, ii. 244 Rous, Sir Thos., Bart., ii. 38 , Admiral, ii. 257 , Col., ii. 113 Rowe, Arthur, iii. 286 , Chris., ii. 228, 229 Rowes (or Row), Mr., iii. 11, 214, 216, 224 Rowse, John, i. 124, 126 Roxbourghe, Lord, i. 103 Royal Academy projected at New- market, i. [99 "Royal mares," iii. 94 Royal plates, iii. 112-I 14 revenue, temp. Charles II., ii. 233 --studs. See Studs Royston, i. 153, 155, 156, 323; ii. 4, 6, ii, i6, 35, 43, 58, 59, 60, 113 Rubens, Sir Peter Paul, ii. 8 Rudgewell, Rev. Thos., ii. ioi Rufford Abbey, iii. 58 Ruggles, Geo., dramatist, i. 323 Rumber, J. W., ii. 22 Rumbold, Mr., iii. 72 Running footmen, ii. 98, 99; iii. 4, 109, I 10, 160, 209, 249, 319 "Running Horse " Inn, Lilly Hoo, iii. 312, 315, 323, 332, 333 "Running Land," the, i. 315 Rupert, Prince, ii. 47, 195, 264, 273, 277, 281, 286, 288, 305; iii. 82, 96- 98, 140, 189 Rushborough, Roman race-course at, i. 21 Russell, Anne Hay, Countess of Bedford, i. I86 Francis, Earl of Bedford, i. i19; ii. 290 , Lord Edward, of Chippenham, Baron of Shingay, Viscount Barfleur, and Earl of Orford, Treasurer of the Navy and of the Household, temp. W\illiam III., ii. 6i, 8i; iii. 211, 2I3, 215, 221, 223, 225, 329 -, Margaret, Countess of Carlisle, i. 221 , Sir Francis, Bart., ii. 38, 6o, 245, 311 Sir George, Bart., ii. 37 , Sir John, Bart., ii. 38, 60, 6i, 285, 311 - Sir Wm., Bart., i. 256; ii. 36, 52, 6o, 6i ,William, ist Duke of Bedford, i.52 , William, 5th Earl of Bedford, i. i86 - , William, Lord, ii. 179 ; iii. 7 1, 176 Russells, the, of Chippenham (New- market), ii. 36, 60 Ruthven, David, 2nd Baron, iii, 214, 217 Ruvigny, Baron de. See Nassau --, Henry, Earl of Galway, iii. 341-344 Ryden, Thomas, iii. iii Rye, XV. B., i. 156; ii- 315 Rye House Plot, iii. 69, 70, 71, 72, 176 Rymer, Matt., i. 347 Rymers, Francis, iii. 306 S "Saccharissa." See Sidney, Dorothy, Countess Dowager of Sunderland Sackville, Hon. Sir Edward, K.B., 4th Earl of Dorset, i. 212, 214, 215 -, Charles, 5th Earl of Dorset, iii. 17, 212 423 INDEX. Sackville, Richard, Lord Buckhurst, 3rd Earl of Dorset, i. 319, 320 Sackville, Sir Thomas, Earl of Dorset, i. I 36, 212 ; ii- 327 Saddle presented to Charles II., iii. 150; presented to Duke of Mon- mouth, 174; presented to William III., 306 Saddle-trees, Ripon, iii. 130 Sadler, Mrs. Anne, i. i8i -, Wm., iii. 358 Sainboume, Thomas, ii. 304, 312 Salisbury, races at, temp. Elizabeth, articles for the bells, etc., i. 86. 95, 348; races at, temp. James I., 328, 352, 353; temip. Charles I., ii. iig; temp. Commonwealth, 120; temp. Charles II., 335; temp. William III., iii. 310 Salisbury, the great bustard hunted at, temnp. Charles I., ii. 42 Salkeld, John, jun., ii. 214 Saltingstall, Sir Ric., i. 271 Saltonstall, Sir Ric., i. 271 ; ii. 79, 80 Salvin, Wm., i. 344 Samuel, Mr., architect of Newmarket Palace, temp. Charles II., ii. 298 Sanders, Sir Thos., i. 272 -, Col., ii. i62, 170 Sanderson, Bishop, ii. 370 Sandford, Christopher, of Newmarket, . 121 -Emma, i. 121 , Richard of Askame, iii. i2o , Sir Ric., i. 271 Sandwich, Earl of. See Montagu Sandymount, near Dublin, car races at, in 1665, iii. III Sandys, Samuel, ii. 6i -, Sir Edward, i. 231 Sapley (Huntingdon), i. 96 "Saracen's Head " Inn, Newmarket, i. 122 , Aylesbury, ii. 328 , Newport Pagnell, iii. 325 Sare, Mary, ii. 223 Sarmiento Don Diego, Count Gondomar, i. 219 Sarney Downs, races at, temp. Charles II. See Cirencester Sarsfield, Capt., iii. 67 Saulcey Green, Bucks, races on, in the 17th century. See Hanslope Saunders, Mr., iii. 126 Savage, Sir John, i. 269 , John, 5th Earl Rivers, iii. 226 , pedestrian, temp. Charles II., ii. 368 Saville, Hon.Henry, iii.5, 26, 56, 58, 59 -, George, Marquis of Halifax, ii. 358, 364; iii. 5, 10, 12, 22, 24j, 26, 27, 28, 30, 57, 58, 94, 95 -, Sir Henry, iii. 379 Saxham, i. 222, 223, 258 Saxon Lane, Newmarket, ii. 338 Scales, Clerk of, fees to in Scotland, temp. Charles II., iii. i6i Scalter, Sir Thomas, i. 357 Scalworthy, John, i. 124 Scarborough, Sir Chas., ii. 271, 340; iii. 6i -, Earl of. See Lumley Scarsdale, Earl of. See Leek Schaw, Sir John, i. 260 Scotland, races in, i. 99, 1o0, 130, 316, 317, 359, 363; ii. 149; iii. 108, 109, i6i Scott, Walter, Lord Buccleuch, created Earl of Buccleuch at Newmarket, i. 2 i6 , Francis, 2nd Earl of Buccleuch, 11. I74 , Lady Anne, Duchess of Mon- mouth, iii. 174, 175 -, Walter, Lord Blantyre, ii. 242 Scout-master-general. See Hudson, Rev. Mich. Scrope, Le, Emmanuel, i1th Baron Scrope, i. 322 -, Thomas, Lord Scrope of Upsal, ii. 81 Scudmore, John, iii. 95 Sedley, Sir Charles, ii. 269; iii. 378, 379, 380 Sefton, Earls of. See Molineux Seizure of horses belonging to Papists, temp. William III., iii. 270 Selby, Sir George, i. 343, 345 -, Sir John, i. 345 -, Sir William, i- 345 Selkirk, Earls of. See Douglas 424 INDEX. Selling races, law of, in the 17th century, iii. 286 Selwyn, John, i. I15 Sepewell, Nicholas, i. 125 Sequestrators, Parliamentary, proceed- ings of, at Newmarket, ii. 107 Seralvo, Marquis of, ii. z85, i88 Serjeant, Wm., iii. 83 Sermons, reading, prohibited at New- market, ii. 319 Setters. See Dogs, sporting Seven Mile Ditch, Cambs, iii. 67 "Seven Stars" Inn, Waddesdon, iii. 315, 322, 329, 337 Seymour, Charles, 2nd Lord Trou- bridge, i. 50 -, Charles, Duke of Somerset, i. 49; ii. 81 , Charles, 6th Duke of Somerset, 1i1. 41, 201, 213, 218, 221, 225, 283 Francis, iii. 85 -, Lady Frances, Marchioness of Granby, i. 187 -, Lord, ii. 46, 48 , Marquisof Hertford, ii. 48; iii. 140 , Popham, iii. 85 , Sir Edward, Bart., iii. 85 , William, Duke of Somerset, ii. 96; iii. 79 Shadwell, Thomas, dramatist, iii. 98 Shaftesbury, Earl of. See Ashley- Cooper Shainthiff, Mr., iii. 271 Shakerley, Sir Peter, iii. 165, i68 Shakespeare, William, i. 107, I 12, 204; ii. i85 , John, ii. 157, 158 , Mary, ii. 157 Shap (Westmoreland), Roman race- course at, ii. 184 Sharpe, Edw., marshall farrier, ii. 43 Shaw, John, ii. 228, 229 Sheath, Thomas, ii. 230 Sheckford, Sir Thomas, i. 269 Sheets, charges for washing, at New- market Palace, ii. 44 Sheffield, Edmund, 3rd Baron Sheffield and Ist Earl of Mulgrave, i. 97, 142, 146; remarkable fatality of his chil- dren, 146 Sheldon, Thomas, ii. 26 -, Sir Joseph, ii. 323 Shelley, Sir Charles, ii. 26 Shelverton, Geo., ii. 230 Shengay, Baron. See Russell Sheppard, Charles, iii. 207 Sherard, Bennet, 2nd Baron Sherard, iii. 123-125 -, ist Earl of Harborough, iii. 125 Sherbourne, Lord. See Digby Shereman, Chris., ii. 0oo, 102, 228, 229 Sherwood, Lord, iii. 213, 214, 215 Shipp, Goodwife, ii. 230 Shirley, Lady Anne. See Crofts James, dramatist, ii. 142 , Sir Robert, i. 223, 257, 259 Shrewsbury, Earls of. See Talbot Sibley, Eliz., ii. 228, 229 -, Widow, ii. 230 Sidgewick, Joseph, iii. 317 Sidney, Algernon, ii. 179; iii. 71, 176 -, Dorothy, Countess Dowager of Sunderland, ii. 363, 364 -, Henry, Earl of Romney, ii. 356, 358 -, Hon. Henry, ii. 366, 378; iii. 93, 357 -, Sir Philip, ii. 196 Silchester, Roman race-course at, i. 21 Silk stockings, wager of, on horse races, temnp. Charles I., ii. 146 Simeon, Sir Geo., ii. 255 Simeoni, H. E. Baron, iii. 223, 226 Simpson, Wm., ii. 229 -, Jas., ii. 229, 230 Singlesby family, ii. Si -, Sir Thos., iii. 28 Singsby, Sir William, i. 220 -, Henry, ii. 253, 320 Six Mile Bottom, i. 294 Skeppon, General, ii. 139 Skymaster, Sir Charles, iii. 128 Skyringe, Robt., ii. 303 Slavers, John, ii. 231 Sloane, Sir Hans, iii. 260 -, James, ist steward at Thetford races, temp. William III., iii. 285, 286 Smith, Right Hon. John, Lord of the Treasury, iii. 215 425 INDEX. Smith, Sir Thomas, i. i88 , Drummond, ii. 6i , Thomas, ii. 316, 322 Wm., ii. 330 Smithfield, horse-races at, in the reign of Henry II., i. 23 Smithouse, Sir Arthur, iii. 373 Smocks run for by women in the 17th century. See Footraces Smyth, John, iii. 370 Smythe, John, i. 128 , Robert, i. 125, 127 , Sir Robert, ii. 364 Snape, Rob., marshall farrier to Charles II., ii. 226 -, Andrew, marshall farrier to William III., iii. 207 Snapes, Mrs., ii. 231 Snuff-taking, first introduction of the custom in England, iii. 49 Soame, Thomas, ii. 39 -, Sir Wm., ii. 99 Solway Sands, races at, temp Elizabeth, i. 10I Some, Sir William, i. 269 Somers, Lord Chancellor, iii. 328 Somerset, Dukes of. See Seymour Earl of. .See Carr, Robert -, Edward, 4th Earl of Worcester, K.G., master of the horse, etc., i. 131, 132, 133, 134, 209, 282, 302 , Henry, 5th Earl of Worcester, 1i. 21, 327 -, Henry Charles Fitzroy, 8th Duke of Beaufort, K.G., i. ix. , Henry, ist Duke of Beaufort, ii. 245; iii. 0og, 11o, ii8 , Lady Jane, ii. 21 Lord Arthur, ii. 38 -, Sir Thomas, K.B., Viscount Som- erset, i. 123, 124 Somester, Sir Samuel, i. 271 Sondes, Sir Geo., Earl of Feversham, ii. 289; iii. 57, I50 Songs, race, i. 346; ii. i44 Sotherton, Henry, ii. 231 Southampton, Earls of. See Vriothesley Soyssons, Madam de, iii. 378 Sparrow, Randolph, ii. 351 Speed, John, iii. 177 Spencer, Compton, Earl of Northamp- ton, i. 241, 292 -, Ann, Countess of Sunderland, ii. 377; iii- 93 , Earl, iii. 128 John (Puritan), ii. 45 , Lady, iii. 140 , Lady Penelope, ii. 128 Lord Robert, 2nd Earl of Sunder- land, ii. 310, 354, 364, 366, 368, 378; iii. 21, 63, 64, 67, 74, 88, i68, 179, 242, 378 -, Robert, Baron, of Wormleighton, i. 205 , Sir Richard, i. 189 William, 2nd Baron, ii. 127, 128, 290 Spence, Sir James, i. 198, 209 Spinney Abbey, ii. 311 Spoons, race for the, at Newmarket, ii. 369 Sprat, Bishop, iii. 72 -, Rev. Dr., 257 Stafford, of Newmarket, ii. 229, 230 -, Mr., iii. i69 Staffordshire moor, races on, in the 17th century. See Tamworth Staggins, Dr. Nich., ii. 380; iii. i6 Stag-hunting on wheels, by Louis XIV., iii. 1 72; at Winchester, temp. Charles II., i86 Staines, Middlesex, races near, temp. William III., iii. 340 St. Albans, Earl of. See Jermyn , Dukes of. See Beauclerk Stalworthe, A., i. 127 Stamford, Earl of. See Gray Stamford, races at, te.mnp. Charles I., ii. 147; temp. James II., iii. 246 Standford, Berks, races near, temp. William III., iii. 302, 304 Stand, race,at Newmarket, temp. Charles I., conjectures concerning, ii. 97, 98; temp. Charles II., ii. 359; iii. 50, loo; at Wallasey, 167, 247 Stanhope, Lord, of Harrington, i. 165 -, Lord William, i. x9i , Sir Edward, i. 211 4.26 I.NDEX . Stanhope, Sir John, i. 302 , Sir Michael, ii. 271 , Hon. Alexander, iii. 201 Stanley, Alderman William, 6th Earl of Derby, i 333, 334; iii. 171 , Charles, 8th Earl of Derby, iii. 122, 143, 253 - , Edward, Earl of Derby, i. 8, 337 - , James, 7th Earl of Derby, iii. 250 -, James, zoth Earl of Derby, iii. 142 - , William, 9th Earl of Derby, iii. 141, 142, 143, 144, 167, 169, 171, 250, 316, 319 "St. Anthony the Rider," i. 176, 306, 307; ii. 51 Staples, Mr., iii. 6i Stapleton, Yorks., races at, tempn William III., iii. 307, 334 Stapylton, Mr., iii. 0og "Star" Inn, Newmarket, i. 282; iii. 101 Starchamber, Court of, i. 50, 112, 113 Starkey, Mr., M.P., ii. 357 Starting horse races, disputes concern- ing the laws of, at Newmarket, in the 17th century, iii. 25, 280; by sound of horn, iii. 123 St. Asaph, Bishop of, i. 253 Stawel, Col., iii. 85 Staynes, Samuel, iii. 356 St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Smithfield, iii. 68 St. Denis, i. 43 Steeplechases, temp. James I. See Hunting-matches Stephens, Thos., marshall farrier to Charles II., ii. 297, 31i, 340 Sterne, Geo., ii. 229, 230 Stevenson, Rob., iii. 250, 314 St. Evremond, Chevalier de, ii. 257 Stewart, Alexander, 5th Earl of Moray, iii. 1 20, 121 Stewckley, Sir Thomas, i. 203, 206 St. George's Cup, the, i. 327, 329 St. Germains, France, races at, temp. Louis XIV., iii. 171-173 Stiles, Col., ii. 401 Stillingfleet, Bishop, ii. 319 St. James's Park, race-course in, i. I03; deer in, i48, iii. io6; show of Arab horses in, 353 St. John, Sir John, ii. 224 , Marquis of Winchester. See Paulet St. Lawrence, Nicholas, Earl of Howth, i. i88 St. Mary's Church, Newmarket, i. 123; ii. lI 5; iii. 225 St. Michel, Eliz., iii. 35 Stocall, Jas., ii. 79 Stonehenge, Wilts, races at, temp. 'William III., iii. 332, 341 Stonehouse, Sir John, iii. 152 Stonyarde, Rob., ii. ioi Stout, Quaker, iii. 74, 210 Strafford, Earl of. See Wentworth Strange, Lord. See Stanley Straw, price of, at Newmarket, temp. Charles I., ii. 66, 321 ; at Win- chester, temzp. Charles II., iii. 158 Strickland, Sir Wm., ii. 214 St. Thomas a Becket, iii. 153 St. Thomas of Hereford, i. 43 Stuart, James, 4th Duke of Lennox, K.G., and ist Duke of Richmond, ii. 41, 43, I34; iii. 78 -, Charles, 3rd Duke of Richmond, ii. 240, 242-244, 354 Frances Teresa, Duchess of Rich- mond, ii. 242, 262 --, J. P. C., Marquis of Bute, i. 235 Stud, the first, advertised for sale, ii. 182; sale of the Duke of Mon- mouth's, iii. 177 Studs, royal, i. 30, 31, 32, 59, 6i, 71, 80, 114, 115, I35, 239, 240, 302, 306. 307, 311, 314; ii. 8, 65, 66, I56-174, 213, 225, 226, 246, 273, 311, 320, 340; iii. 14, 94, 196, 359-374; thoroughbred, in England, in the 17th century, 347-371 Stutville, Sir Martin, ii. 7 Suffolk, Dukes of. See Brandon and Pole, de la -, Larls of. See Howard 427 INDEX. Suffolk House, Newmarket, iii. 262, 265 "Sun " Inn, Royal Exchange, ii. 360 -, Winchester, iii. 335 Sunday, the, at Newmarket, tempr. William Ill., iii. 289 Sunderland, Earl of. See Spencer -, Countess of, ii. 306 Suppers at Newmarket, temtp. Charles II., iii. 260 Surplices, charge for washing, at New- market Palace, iii. 84 Sussex, Countess of, iii. 62 Swaffham-Bulbeck, ii. So, io6 Swaffham, Norfolk, races at, temp. William III., iii. 321, 325, 332 (2), 333 "Swan Inn," Newmarket, i. 123, 285 Winton, iii. 322 Swancy Green, Bucks, races at, in the 17th century. See Hanslope Swarbrick, or Swarbeck, Wm., iii. 246, 249 Sweden, King of, wounded at the battle of Naumberg, ii. 148; heavy bet- ting in London as to his recovery, 148 Swift, Dean, iii. 81, I14 Swinborne, Sir Thomas, i. 273 Sydennam, Richard, ii. 79, 80 -, Col., ii. 205 Sydney, Philip, Viscount Lisle, ii. 173, 179, 205 , Col. Robert, iii. 173 , Robert, 2nd Earl of Leicester, ii. 179 Sykes, Henry, iii. 275 Symons, Sir Thomas, i. 272 T Talbot, Gilbert, 7th Earl of Shrews- bury, i. 133, 141, 248 , Anne, Countess of Shrewsbury, ii. 308; iii. 256, 257 , Charles, I2th Duke of Shrews- bury, iii. 201, 214, 217, 221, 227, 328, 329 Talbot, Francis, Earl of Shrewsbury iii. 256, 257 -, Richard, Earl of Tyrconnell, iii. 91, 242 -, Sir John, iii. 256, 257 "Talking-house," the, at Newmarket, femnp. Charles It., ii. 359 Tallard, H. E. Count, at Newmarket, temp. William III., iii. 209, 210, 211, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 226 Tamworth, races at, temr. James II., iii. 246 Tankard, Capt., 224, 225 Tankerd, Chris., iii. 208 Tankerville, Earl of. See Bennet Tathwell, Lincolnshire, races at, temp. Charles II., iii. 129 Tattersall, Edmund, i. ix. Taylor, John, ii. too Mr., iii. 369 Taylour, Josh., iii. 365 "Tay," the, Inn, Hampton Court, iii. 250 Temple, Sir William, ii. 270, 310, 336, 347; iii. 111-114 Tennis court at Newmarket Palace, temnp. James I., i. 283, 287; temp. Charles I., ii. 7, 23, 65, 69, 70, 95, 148, 202, 209; temp. Charles II., 220, 221, 281; iii. 44, 60, 93, 97, 372 Tennison, Dr., iii. 14 Tents for the Royal Guards at New- market, temzp. William III., iii. 212 Terry, Alderman, the last maker of Ripon spurs, iii. 130 Teviotdale, races at, temp. Elizabeth, i. 103 Tharp, John, ii. 6i -, Montagu, ii. 6i Theobald, Henry, ii. 229, 230 Theobalds, death of James I. at, i. 263; mentioned, passim; Charles I. at, ii. 5, i6, 58, 66, 67 Thetford,i. 131, 133, 150, i63, 175,356; ii. 82, 354; iii. 44; races at, temp. James I., i. 328, 356; temp. William III., iii. 284-286, 331, 339 428 INDEX. Thirley Heath, races on, in the 17th century. See Market Drayton Thomas, Elizabeth, iii. 70 Thomond, Earls of. See O'Brien Thomond's Post, Newmarket Heath, ii. 247 Thompson, Alderman, Sir Henry, iii. 59 Thoresby, Ralph, iii. 158 Thorinton, Goody, ii. 232 Thornborow, Sir Benjamin, i. 271 Thornton, Sir Roger, i. 273 Throckmorton, Henry, i- 357 , Sir Arthur, i. 190 , Sir John, i. 176, 178 , Thomas, i. 358 Thynne, Sir James, ii. 17 , H., ii. 334, 358 Sir Thomas, ii. 124 Tom, iii. 24, 38-41, 54 Timms, or Timbs, Wm., iii. 312 Tipping, Lady, ii. 6i Tirrell, Timothy, afterwards Sir Timothy, Master of the Buckhounds to Charles I., i. 193 Tirwitt, Sir Robert, i. 146 Tobacco, proclamation at Newmarket concerning the sale of, ii. 24; fire at Newmarket caused through smoking, iii. 64 Tollemache, Sir N., Bart., i. 50 Tollerton, Yorks, races at, temp. Charles I., ii. 154 Tolminson, Quarter-Master, ii. i62 Tommy, Stephen, ii. 115 Tories, the, race-meeting promoted by" temp. Charles II., iii. i66 Touchet, Mervyn, Earl of Castlehaven, ii. 255 Tower, notable turfites imprisoned in the, i. 25, 63, 91; ii. 130, 139, 354; iii. 14, 79, 177, 254, 354 Townley, Christopher, i. 355 , Cal., i. 356 , Lawrence, i. 355, 356 , " Lord," ii. 254 , Richard, i. 353, 355 Townshend, Lord, ii. 312 Tracy, Sir John, i. 246 Tradescant, John, ii. 42 Tradesmen of Chester, contributions to the St. George's Cup, iii. 115 Trafford, Edmund, i. xi8 Trail scent. See Draghounds Training, i. 21, 109, III; ii. 299; iii. 4, 154, 269, 356, 361 Treasure, mode of transmitting, temp. Charles II., iii. 264 Tremouille, de la, Charlotte, Countess of Derby, iii. 250 Trentham, Frs., iii. 124 Tresham, Sir Thomas, i. 319 Trevor, Sir Sackville, ii. 19, 21 Miss, iii. 40 - Marcus, Baron Trevor and Vis- count Dungannon, iii. 352 Trinobantes, the, i. 7 Trocy, Marquis de, iii. 219 Tudor, Owen, iii. 86 Tufton, Sir John, i. 191 Tunbridge Wells, iii. 328 Turenne, Mons. de, ii. 325 Turnbull, Mr., i. 176 Tumor, Elizabeth, i. 125, 126, 127 , Robert, i. 126, 127; ii. 228, 229 , Thomas, i. 125 Tuscany, Grand Duke of. See Cosmo III. Tutbury, Staffordshire, royal stud at, i. 302, 324; ii. 158-174, 178, 264 Tweedale, Marquis of. See Hay Twislewood, Major, ii. 58 Tybotot, Paganus de, i. 34 "Tygre" horses, present of a set of, from the Landgrave of Hesse to William III., iii. 370 Tyneham, Lord. See Roper Tyrrell, Thos., ii. 1o6 U Underhill, Sir Edward, i. 269 Underwood, Henry, ii. 39 , Anthony, ii. 228, 229 Urwyn, Sir William, i. 146 Usher, Archbishop, i. i88 Uvedale, Sir Wm., ii. 31 429 INDEX. V Valentia, or Valence, Adomarus de, Earl of Pembroke, i. 35 Valnore, Sir Peter, i. 239 Vane, Sir Henry, i. 162, 270 L, Ly, iii. 317 Vaux, Lord, i. 192 , Lord Henry, ii. 255 Vendenheym, Hans Jacob Wurmsser, von, i. 156 Vere, de, Henry, i8th Earl of Oxford, i. 210 -, de, Aubrey, 20th Earl of Oxford, ii. 253, 256, 257; iii. 286, 328 , John, Earl of Oxford, ii. 82 , Sir Arnold de, i. 24 -, Sir Edward, i. 270 -, Sir John, i. 270 Verney, Col. Henry, i. 241 ; ii. 151-153 Edward, ii. 337 -, Sir Edmund, i. 239, 240, 241; i. 151 -, Sir Ralph, ii. 152, 337 Vernon, John, i. 204 , Ia., iii. 286 Sir Henry, iii. 78 , Sir Richard, iii. 78 -, Sir Robert, keeper of Newmarket Palace, i. 218, 226, 232, 242, 250, 26i, 285, 288, 292, 294, 296; ii. 11, 22, 26, 83 , Sir Thomas, iii. 58, 78 -, Mr. Secretary, iii. 328, 363 Edward, iii. 352 Veterinary advertisements in the 17th century, iii. 288, 356 Villiers, Countess DowagerofBucking- ham, i. 227, 230, 268; ii. 148 , Barbara, Duchess of Cleveland, ii. 271, 302, 308, 313; iii. 37, 62, 82, 120, 173, 255, 2S6-297 Charles, ii. 251 , Edward, ist Earl of Jersey, iii. 213 -, Frances, Viscountess Purbeck, i. i8o, 182, 230, 262, 264, 265 -, George, ist Duke of Bucking- ham, i. 176, i8o, 182, 183, 190, 195, 196, 197, 200, 205, 207, 210, 211, 212, 219, 225, 229, 236, 238, 239, 242, 247, 255, 257, 258, 262, 268, 283, 285, 307, 310, 316, 322, 325, 357; ii. 3, 5, 6, 7, 54, 55, 142, 178, 185 Villiers, George, 2nd Duke of Bucking- ham, ii. 243, 254, 265, 268, 270, 275, 282, 297, 307, 308, 311, 314, 327, 382-384; iii. 52, 89, uS8, ii9, 140, 253-259, 294 --, George, Earl of Coventry, ii. i85 , John, Viscount Purbeck, i. 182, 219, 220, 226 , George, 4th Viscount Grandison, ii. 251, 373; iii. 66, 8i, 266 , Mary, Duchess of Buckingham, ii. 262, 300: iii. 253, 254, 257 Sir Edward, iii. 261 William, 2nd Viscount Grandi- son, iii. 82 Vincent, Thos., ii. io8 Virgil employed in the stables of the Emperor Augustus, ii. 196 Vivyan, Sir Francis, i. 272 Vorstius, heresy of, i. 189 Vyner, Mr., equerry to Charles II., perquisites of, iii. 150 Waddesdon, Bucks, races at, tm Charles II., iii. 162, i63; temp. William III. (see Quainton) Wages of workmen and artificers at Newmarket, tempt. James I., i. 276; temp. Charles I., ii. 65; temp. Charles II., 329, 349, 379; iii. 50, 84; temp. James II., 195; temp. William III., 229-231 Waite, Col., ii. 140 Wakefield, Yorks, races at, temp. Charles II., iii. 136, 141, 178 Walcot, Charles, i. 206 Walden, Lord. See Howard Waldron, Sir Richard, i. 271 - , Dr. Thomas, ii. 278, 312 Wales, Prince of. See Charles and Henry Walgrave, Nich., ii. 25 430 INDEX. Walker, Edward, marshall farrier, ii. 6 , Eliz., iii. 197, 232. See also Elliot, Eliz. , Philip, ii. 350 Walking-matches, i. 313; ii. 301; iii. 93 Wall, Alderman Wm., i. 333 Wallasey, probability of races at, femp. James I., i. 335; temp. Charles I., ii. 126; iii. 45; temp. Charles II., 164-I70, 246, 247; oil-painting of a race-meeting at, temp. James I., i. 335, 338 Wallenstein, ii. i8, 95 Wailer, Sir Wm., ii. i8o Wallingford, Viscount, i. 113, i86 Wallingford, Berks, races at, temp. William III., iii. 340 Walsh, Geo., ii. 253 Walsingham, Mr., iii. 225 Walsworth, iii. 271 Walters, Lucy, iii. 173 Waltham Cross, iii. 21o Walton (Lancashire), races at, temp. James I., i. 353 Walton, Thomas, i. 201 ; ii. 6 Wandesford, Sir Rowland, iii. i21 Wandon Heath, races on, in the 17th century. See Woburn Wanseforde, William, i. 347 Wanton, Sir Thomas, i. 272 Warbleton, Sir George, iii. 225 Warburton, Sir George, Bart., i. 52 Warden, Col., iii. 169 Ward, Mary, ii. 232 , Lord Humble, iii. 128 Wardrobe at Newmarket Palace, charges for cleaning, ii. 44, 84 Ware, remarkable ride from, iii. 273 Warner, Mr., iii. 323 Warren, John, Earl of Surrey, i. 36, 38 Josh., ii. 231 William, Earl of Surrey, ii. 148 Warrington, Earl of. See Booth Warwick, Earl of. Set Dudley and Grenville --, Sir Philip, ii. 55 Mr., iii. 6o Warwick, William III. at, iii. 207 Washbourn, John, iii. 123-125, 127 Watering-courses at Newmarket, iii. 225 Waters, Sir John, iii. 213 Waterton, Thos., ii. 126 Watkins, Wm., ii. 94 , D., ii. 1o8 Watson, Peter, ii. 278 , John, iii. 334 Watts, Sir John, iii. i16 Weatherby, James, ii. 327 Weatherby, Yorks., races at, temp. Charles II., iii. i8i ; temp. James II., 237 "Weatherbys," the, of the 17th cen- tury, iii. 236 Wreatherley, Frs., surveyor of the royal stables, ii. 3 Webb, Sir William, i. 345 Col., iii. 370 Mr., iii. 371 Wedon, Josh., ii. 232 Welbeck Abbey (Notts), Duke of New- castle's stud at, ii. I96 Weldon, Sir Anthony, i. 185, 220 Wentworth, Lord, i. 223 , Earl of, iii. 263 Lady Anne, iii. 128 , Sir John, i. 259 Sir Richard, iii. 261 , Sir Thos., i. 271 Thomas, Earl of Cleveland, iii. 137 --, Thomas, Baron Wentworth and Earl of Strafford, ii. 27, 32, 33, 46, 180, 191 -, Thomas, 3rd Baron Raby, after- wards Viscount Wentworth and Earl of Strafford, iii. 371 West, Rob., iii. 71 , Hon., Capt., iii. 239 Westminster, Marquis and Duke of. See Grosvenor Westmoreland, Earls of. See Fane and Neville West of England, popularity of the turf in, temp. Charles II., iii. 164, 176; progress of the Duke of Mon- mouth in, 164-i66 Weston, Sir Richard, Earl of Portland, i. 267; ii. 25, 175 43I INDEX. Weston, Jerome, 2nd Earl of Portland, ii. 26 Wetherall, Thos., ii. 266, 278, 339, 341 Whalley Abbey (Lancashire), races at, temp. James I., i. 329, 353, 356 Whalley, Col., ii. 55, 56, 57, 58 Wharton, Gilbert, i. 348 Col., ii. II 2 Mr., iii. go Philip, 4th Baron Wharton, iii. 120, 121, 258 , Philip, 3rd Baron Wharton, iii. 121 Philip, Duke of Wharton, iii. 162 --, Sir Michael, iii. 136 Sir Ralph, iii. 59, 132 Sir Thomas, iii. I21 , Thomas, 5th Baron and ist Marquis of, iii. go, 138, 162, 163, 166, 172, 202, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217 (2), 222, 224, 228, 269, 273, 283, 286, 288, 305, 328, 331, 339, 343, 370 -, Thomas, i. 348 Wheatley Moor (see Doncaster), i. 96, 342 Wheatley, John, ii. 77, 79, 80 W higs, the, addicted to the turf, temp. Charles II., iii. 164 Whithey, Thos., ii. 230 Whithurn-Lisard, Durham, races at, temp. William Ill., iii. 333 Whitby, Col. Rob., iii. 107 White, Richard, ii. 26 , Nich., ii. 34 Sir Richard, iii. 78 Whitechurch, Salop, races near, temp. William III., iii. 3X9, " White Hart " Inn, Abingdon, iii. 323 " White Horse," the, Inn, Tamworth, iii. 246 Whiteley, Mr., iii. i66 Whitelock, Lord, ii. 208 Whitemoor, Warwickshire, races at, temp. Charles II. See Kenilworth Whiteram, Mr., iii. 214 Whitfield, Mat., iii. 207 Whithall, Joan, i. 122 Whiting, Richard, Lord Abbot of Glas- tonbury, i. 6o, 62 Whitley, Roger, ii. 252, 266, 277 Whitmore, Sir Wm., Bart, ii. 241 Whitney, Oxon, royal hawking party at, iii. 150 Whittle, Dr. Sackville, ii. 341, 350, 355 Whorwood, Sir William, Attorney- General, temp. Henry VIII., i. 98 , Anne, Countess of Warwick, i. 98 Whyght, John, i. 125 Whylles, James, registrar of the Court of Chancery, ii. 86, 89 Whytall or Whittall, Joan, i. 124, 125, 126 Wiat, Alan, ii. 232 Wickliffe, Francis, i. 347 Wicks, Thos., ii. 229, 230 -, John, ii. 229, 230 Wiclife, John, ii. 324 Widdrington, Sir John, ii. 183 Wigan, foot races at, temp. James II., iii. 249 Wigdone, Richard, ii. 6 Wigs, wearing of, introduced by Charles II., iii. 49 Wilbraham, Great, i. 292 , Little, i. 293 Wild, Sir Edmund, i. 269 Wilkinson, David, iii. 76 William, Prince of Orange, afterwards William III., ii. 299, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 350; iii. 48, 93, 138, 175, 176, 194, 208, 304 - III., King, at Audley End, ii. 262, 263; at Newmarket (see Royal visits to and sojourns at) - IV., King, iii. 174 Williamson, Sir Joseph, ii. 239, 245, 267, 300, 314, 320, 324. 330, 336, 341, 344, 353, 355; iii- 132, 217, 218, 286 Williams, Sir John, i. 293 , Sir Abraham, ii. 35 --, Sir Thos., ii. 318 -, Nich., iii. 252 Willoughby, Sir Robert, i. 272 John, ii. 0oo , Lord Francis, of Parham, iii. 76 Wilmot, John, Earl of Rochester, ii. 380-386; iii. 17, 52, 138, 254, 379 432 INDEX. Wilson, Philip, ii. 129 -, Charles, iii. 366 Wilton, Earls of. See Egerton Wiltshire, Roman race-course in, i. 20 W'iltshire, William, i. 52 Winberg, Baron, i. i95 Winchelsea, Earl of. See Finch Winchenden, Bucks, iii. 163, 328, 329 Winchester, Marquis of. See Paulet Winchester, races at, temp. Charles I., ii. 148; temp. Charles IH., iii. xl, 133, 134, 145-158, 178-179, 184- 187; temp. James II., 235, 239; temp. William III., 322, 327, 335- 336 ---Palace, iii. 73, j85 Windebank, Secretary, ii. 23, 26, loo, 149 Windham, Judge, ii. 337, 345 Windsor, i. 59, 6o, 114; ii. 322, 330 340, 341, 355, 356,357 ; iii. 6, i6, 50, 84, 110, 136, 162, 238, 330, 335: races at (see Datchet) Forest, races in, temp. William HIl., iii. 335 Windsor, Thomas, Viscount, iii. 152 Wine, statutory prices of, in 1631, at Newmarket, etc., ii. 92 Wingfield, Sir Robert, i. 269 - family, ii. 82; iii. 352 Winstanley, Henry, clerk of works at Newmarket Palace, ii- 379; iii. 195 Winton, iii. 158, 322, 327 Winwood, Mr., M.P., ii. 357 -, Mr. Secretary, i. 173, 198, 199 -, Sir Ralph, i. 113, i8o, 189, 190 Wirral, Cheshire, races at. .See W5alla- sey Wirtemberg, Louis Frederick, Prince of, i. 156 Withers, Jacob, ii. 339 Witherspoon, Mrs., iii. 247 Woburn, Beds, races near, temp. William [II., 309-310, 312-313, 318, 321 Abbey, Beds, races at, temp. Wil- liam III., iii. 308 Wood, Capt. Henry, ii. 4, 89 John, stakeholder, iii. 252 Joseph, pedestrian, temp. Tames II., iii. 249 VOL. III. Woodcock, Henry, yeoman farrier, ii. 44 Woode, J., i. 141 Woodgate, Nich., ii. 252, 266 Woodham Moor. See Durham WVoodhouse, Sir William, i. o04, 175, 177 , Sir Philip, ii. rso Thos., ii. 321 Woodstock, races at, temp. Charles I1., iii. 131, [34, 135, 137, 138, 154 (2), 183, 184; temp. James II., 238, 241. 246, 249; temp. William Ill., 300, 303 (2), 304, 305, 306, 311, 320, 323, 324, 331, 338, 339 - Park, races at, temp. Queen Anne, iii. 77; sale of Sir Arthur Haselrig's stud at, in 1659, ii. 182 Wolseley, Sir Charles, ii. 2o5 Wolsey, Cardinal, i. 313 WVooley, Sir Francis, i. 319 -, Francis, iii. 370 Wooton, Edward, i. 99 -, Sir Edward, ii. 194 Worsley, Sir Robert, i. 18 ; iii. 8i Wotton, Thomas, 2nd Lord Wotton, l. i8z, 190 \Wren, Sir Christopher, ii. 299, 329, 379; iii. 50, 73, to6, i88, 191 Wrenn, Sir Charles, i. 344, 345 Wright, Rev. Abraham, ii. 238, 239 -, Alderman, iii. 139 Wriothesley, Henry, 3rd Earl of South- ampton, i. 202, 203 -, Thomas, 4th Earl of Southampton, ii. 95; iii. 81, 120, 264 Wroughton, Sir Thomas, i. 94 Wyatt, John, i. 279 Wymondley, manor cups, i. 52 Wyndham, Mr., iii. 224 -, Judge, iii. 356 Wynn, Maurice, ii., 322, 350 Wyvell, Humphrey, i. 328, 347 N' Yachting, temp. Charles IT., ii. 265, 268; iii. 179, 228 2 F I 433 INDEX. Vale, Sir Thomas, ii. 13 Yarborough, Earls of. See Pelham Yardley, Sir Edward, i. 203, 205 , Sir Geo., i. 272 Yard, R., iii. 217 Yarmouth, Earl of. See Paston Yelverton, Sir Henry, ii. 5 York, Duke of. See James, afterwards James II. York, Governor of. Sie Reresby, Sir John York, races at, during the Roman occu- pation, i. 20; temp. Queen Elizabeth, 67 (see ereta); temp. James I., 329, 358; temp. Charles I., ii. 153 Younger, Mr., iii. 308, 310, 312, 318 7 Zacharies, John, ii. 107 Zouch, Sir Edward, i. 241 T IE END. J.IaTI.. -,V WI' 1I1A (IOM S C D SO:;A . I IIT .D, LON DOO ANT) BECI LE; 434

© 1999-2009 Kentucky Virtual Library

• xhtml 1.0 Strict